Short-term Fasting as an Enhancer of Chemotherapy: Pilot Clinical Study on Colorectal Carcinoma Patients
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
DISEASE(S): Fasting,Colorectal Cancer
PROVIDER: 2328410 | ecrin-mdr-crc |
REPOSITORIES: ECRIN MDR
Similar Datasets
Project description:How erythropoiesis responds to fasting remains to be explored. Here, Xu et al. showed that short-term intensive fasting promotes the production of red blood cells and boosts their functions by regulating MS4A3-CDK2 module to enhance megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor self-renewal and erythroid-biased differentiation.
2023-01-02 | GSE200918 | GEO
Project description:Background and study aims
We would like to find out whether it is possible for people to follow a short-term fast before their chemotherapy. Fasting involves avoiding all food for a set amount of time. Some research suggests that fasting might help to protect our cells during chemotherapy, by switching them from a state of growth and development to a state of maintenance and repair. However, we don’t know if fasting is of benefit. Ultimately, we would like to find out whether fasting before chemotherapy can help to reduce its side effects. In order to answer this question, we first need to find out whether it is possible for people to fast before their chemotherapy. This has been tested in some previous studies but not in people receiving chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. So, we are inviting 30 people to take part in a trial that will compare a 36-hour fast to usual diet before chemotherapy.
Who can participate?
Adults with stage 2 or 3 colorectal cancer who are due to receive capecitabine oxaliplatin (CAPOX) chemotherapy.
What does the study involve?
Participants will be randomly allocated to either the intervention group or the control group.
The intervention group will spend 36 hours prior to their chemotherapy fasting and drinking water-only. Each chemotherapy cycle will be 21 days long and participants in this group will fast before each of their first 3 cycles of chemotherapy.
The control group will receive the usual advice prior to their first cycle of chemotherapy, including written or verbal information on their diet and the effects of chemotherapy on appetite.
| 2412952 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:To investigate the global gene expression dynamics associated with short-term fasting, we used mRNA-seq to profile the transcriptomes of nine organs obtained from mice subjected to six different STF duration (0, 2, 8, 12, 18 and 22 hours of fasting; n=3 per time point; Fig. 1a). The nine organs profiled were: olfactory bulb (OB), brain (BRN, which includes the telencephalon and diencephalon), cerebellum (CBL), brainstem (BST, which consists of the mesencephalon, pons, and myelencephalon), stomach (STM), liver (LIV), interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), perigonadal white adipose tissue (pgWAT), and posterior-subcutaneous white adipose tissue (psWAT).
2020-05-17 | GSE149468 | GEO
Project description:Short-term fasting elicits beneficial effects in mice and humans, including protection from chemotherapy toxicity, but the involved mechanisms are not well understood. We collected blood samples from healthy human volunteers and mice before and after 36 or 24 hours of fasting, respectively, to measure fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes, circulating miRNAs, and RNA expression at PBMCs. In both mice and humans, fasting affected the proportion of polyunsaturated versus saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids at the erythrocyte membrane. Also, fasting significantly reduced the expression at PBMCs of insulin signaling-related genes, including the SREBP lipid-metabolizing pathway, in correlation with changes in membrane fatty acids. We tested the relevance of these fatty acid homeostasis parameters using a complete platform to monitor chemotherapy toxicity in mice. When fasted for 24 hours before and 24 hours after administration of the chemotherapeutic drug oxaliplatin, mice showed a strong protection from kidney, liver, heart and bone marrow toxicity. Importantly, the newly discovered fasting parameters defined two clearly separated groups of individuals that accurately predicted a differential protection from chemotherapy toxicity. Our results reveal a novel mechanism of fasting associated with fatty acids homeostasis, and provide novel biomarkers of fasting to predict fasting-mediated protection from chemotherapy toxicity.
2022-06-12 | GSE173241 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of small RNAs allows transcriptome level analysis of the miRNAome. The goals of this study are to identify differentially regulated hepatic miRNAs in response to a short term fast using small RNA next generation sequencing. Specific quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) methods were used to validate optimal high-throughput data analysis, and in silico prediction to identify bona fide target pathways regulated by differentially regulated miRNAs following this fasting stressor. Method: Small RNA sequencing was performed using four randomly selected samples from each treatment group were used for sequencing. The quality of total RNA was confirmed by RNA Integrity Numbers greater than 9.0 using an Agilent Technologies 2100 Bioanalyzer. Nucleotide fractions (15-50) of small RNA were isolated from the total RNA using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were ligated to a 30 adapter followed by a 50 adapter (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). The small RNA ligated to the adaptors was reverse transcribed to cDNA, PCR amplified and gel purified. The gel-extracted cDNA was used for library preparation, which was further used for cluster generation on Illumina's Cluster Station before sequencing using Illumina GAIIx. Raw sequence data was obtained from image data using Illumina's Sequencing Control Studio software version 2.8 (SCS v2.8) following real-time sequencing image analysis and base-calling by Illumina's Real-Time Analysis version 1.8.70 (RTA v1.8.70). The ACGT101-miR v4.2 pipeline (LC Sciences) was used to analyze sequenced data. Sequences with low Q scores, reads mapped to mRNA, RFam, Repbase and piRNA database were deleted and unique families were generated from identical sequences. These filtered unique sequences were then mapped to fish pre-miRNA and miRNA using miRBase or to the rainbow trout genome (Berthelot et al., 2014) to identify conserved miRNA following ACGT-101 User's Manual. Unique or novel miRNAs were identified after the BLAST performed against fish miRNAs from miRbase database (release 21) and published miRNAs from rainbow trout (Mennigen et al., 2016). The miRNAs that do not match any sequences in the specified databases and have the propensity of forming hairpin structure with the extended sequences at the mapped positions were classified as unique miRNAs. These unique miRNAs were further classified into different groups depending on the mappable reads to selected miRNAs in miRbase. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified using the statistical software R (Version 3.2.2) package DESeq2 for one-way ANOVA comparison of all three treatment groups. Real-time RT–PCR validation was performed using SYBR Green assays Results: 11 miRNA differentially regulated by fasting. 4 miRNAs are downregulated with fasting. 7 miRNAs are upregulated with fasting. Conclusions: Our study represents the first detailed analysis of the rainbow trout miRNAome in response to nutritional stimuli. Specifically, we here identify common hepatic miRNAs differentially regulated by refeeding following a short-term fast (2d), as well as miRNAs differentially regulated in the postprandial state depending on the dieatary stimulus (no carbohydrates compared to >20% dietary carbohydrates)
2021-04-06 | GSE112816 | GEO
Project description:Short term fasting changes the hepatic miRNAome in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
| PRJNA449078 | ENA
Project description:Short-term starvation (STS or fasting) provides protection to normal cells, mice, and possibly patients from a variety of chemotherapy drugs, but the possibility that it may also protect tumor cells renders its translational potential uncertain. Here we show that fasting cycles can be as effective as toxic chemotherapy drugs, and increase chemotherapy efficacy in the treatment of melanoma, glioma, breast cancer, and neuroblastoma. In vitro, STS sensitizes to chemotherapy 15 of the 17 cancer cell lines tested. In combination with chemotherapy STS results in a synergistic 20-fold increase in DNA damage, increased phosphorylation of pro-aging genes AKT and S6 kinase, reduced expression of stress resistance transcription factors FOXO3a and NFkB, elevated superoxide, and activated caspase-3; all changes not observed in normal tissues. Several of these effects are linked to the activity of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), whose modulation was sufficient to regulate chemotherapy-dependent cell death in breast cancer cells. These studies suggest that multiple fasting cycles have the potential to replace certain toxic chemotherapy drugs and to sensitize a wide range of tumors to chemotherapy. To obtain an unbiased view of the gene expression changes occurring in cancer cells in response to fasting, we performed genome-wide microarray analyses, using Illumina's Sentrix MouseRef-8 v2 Expression BeadChips (Illumina, San Diego, CA), on the subcutaneous 4T1 breast cancer tumor mass, heart, muscle and liver tissues from balb-c mice that were either fasted for 48 hours or fed an ad lib diet. Three mice from each of the starvation and the ad lib fed groups were used for the array studies.
2012-03-21 | E-GEOD-28556 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To elucidate the mechanisms required for short-term fasting to protect healthy intestinal cells from chemotherapy injury, we conducted an investigation comparing the effects of altered mTORC1 modulation in DDIT4 knockout male mice to wild-type male mice at various timepoints following doxorubicin treatment.
2024-01-01 | GSE245477 | GEO
Project description:Short-term starvation (STS or fasting) provides protection to normal cells, mice, and possibly patients from a variety of chemotherapy drugs, but the possibility that it may also protect tumor cells renders its translational potential uncertain. Here we show that fasting cycles can be as effective as toxic chemotherapy drugs, and increase chemotherapy efficacy in the treatment of melanoma, glioma, breast cancer, and neuroblastoma. In vitro, STS sensitizes to chemotherapy 15 of the 17 cancer cell lines tested. In combination with chemotherapy STS results in a synergistic 20-fold increase in DNA damage, increased phosphorylation of pro-aging genes AKT and S6 kinase, reduced expression of stress resistance transcription factors FOXO3a and NFkB, elevated superoxide, and activated caspase-3; all changes not observed in normal tissues. Several of these effects are linked to the activity of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), whose modulation was sufficient to regulate chemotherapy-dependent cell death in breast cancer cells. These studies suggest that multiple fasting cycles have the potential to replace certain toxic chemotherapy drugs and to sensitize a wide range of tumors to chemotherapy.
2012-03-21 | GSE28556 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: The purpose of this study is to measure the changes in liver transcriptome in response to short-term fasting between 7 and 13 h where the rats were dosed with 2 ml/kg of saline vehicle at 0 h Methods: Total RNA was isolated from the liver, using TRIzol Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) and the direct-zol RNA Mini Prep kit (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA). The isolated RNA samples were then submitted to the Vanderbilt University Medical Center VANTAGE Core (Nashville, TN) for RNA quality determination and sequencing. Total RNA quality was assessed using a 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA). At least 200 ng of DNase-treated total RNA with high RNA integrity was used to generate poly-A-enriched mRNA libraries, using KAPA Stranded mRNA sample kits with indexed adaptors (Roche, Indianapolis, IN). Library quality was assessed using the 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent), and libraries were quantitated using KAPA library Quantification kits (Roche). Pooled libraries were subjected to 75-bp paired-end sequencing according to the manufacturer’s protocol (Illumina HiSeq3000, San Diego, CA). Results: No genes were were found to be differentially expressed with a false discovery rate less than 0.1 Conclusions: There were no significant changes in liver gene expression between 7 and 13 h of fasting
2019-03-19 | GSE123987 | GEO