Effect of fasting on short-term and long-term prognosis of colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial of clinical transformation
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
DISEASE(S): Colorectal Cancer
PROVIDER: 2696423 | ecrin-mdr-crc |
REPOSITORIES: ECRIN MDR
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Project description:Background and study aims
We would like to find out whether it is possible for people to follow a short-term fast before their chemotherapy. Fasting involves avoiding all food for a set amount of time. Some research suggests that fasting might help to protect our cells during chemotherapy, by switching them from a state of growth and development to a state of maintenance and repair. However, we don’t know if fasting is of benefit. Ultimately, we would like to find out whether fasting before chemotherapy can help to reduce its side effects. In order to answer this question, we first need to find out whether it is possible for people to fast before their chemotherapy. This has been tested in some previous studies but not in people receiving chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. So, we are inviting 30 people to take part in a trial that will compare a 36-hour fast to usual diet before chemotherapy.
Who can participate?
Adults with stage 2 or 3 colorectal cancer who are due to receive capecitabine oxaliplatin (CAPOX) chemotherapy.
What does the study involve?
Participants will be randomly allocated to either the intervention group or the control group.
The intervention group will spend 36 hours prior to their chemotherapy fasting and drinking water-only. Each chemotherapy cycle will be 21 days long and participants in this group will fast before each of their first 3 cycles of chemotherapy.
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Project description:In 2018, colorectal cancer is the third most common malignant tumor in terms of morbidity and second mortality in the world. Surgical resection is still the main treatment for colorectal cancer.With the introduction of the ERAS, the latest international and domestic guidelines for fasting before surgery all advocate shortening the fasting time. For example, 2 hours before surgery, oral take cleared fluids, including water, sugar water, fruit juice, tea and black coffee (without milk) is allowed.Solid food can be consumed 4 hours before surgery, and oral diet should be resumed as soon as possible after surgery. Changes in diet, nutritional status, and physical activity are closely related to the incidence of colorectal cancer. Therefore, we believe that the intestine may be very sensitive to different fasting times during the perioperative period. Prolonging the fasting time may improve the prognosis by improving postoperative insulin resistance, reducing inflammation and protecting anti-tumor immune function in patients with colorectal cancer.Prolonged fasting time seems to be contrary to the results of some studies, and whether it is applicable to patients with tumor surgery is unclear. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct large-scale, prospective, randomized controlled clinical studies to clarify the most suitable perioperative fasting strategy (including composition, interval, and amount) for cancer patients, which can not only reduce surgical stress and speed up postoperative rehabilitation,reduce postoperative metastasis and recurrence and improve mid- and long-term prognosis.
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Project description:Short term fasting changes the hepatic miRNAome in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
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Project description:Purpose: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of small RNAs allows transcriptome level analysis of the miRNAome. The goals of this study are to identify differentially regulated hepatic miRNAs in response to a short term fast using small RNA next generation sequencing. Specific quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) methods were used to validate optimal high-throughput data analysis, and in silico prediction to identify bona fide target pathways regulated by differentially regulated miRNAs following this fasting stressor. Method: Small RNA sequencing was performed using four randomly selected samples from each treatment group were used for sequencing. The quality of total RNA was confirmed by RNA Integrity Numbers greater than 9.0 using an Agilent Technologies 2100 Bioanalyzer. Nucleotide fractions (15-50) of small RNA were isolated from the total RNA using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were ligated to a 30 adapter followed by a 50 adapter (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). The small RNA ligated to the adaptors was reverse transcribed to cDNA, PCR amplified and gel purified. The gel-extracted cDNA was used for library preparation, which was further used for cluster generation on Illumina's Cluster Station before sequencing using Illumina GAIIx. Raw sequence data was obtained from image data using Illumina's Sequencing Control Studio software version 2.8 (SCS v2.8) following real-time sequencing image analysis and base-calling by Illumina's Real-Time Analysis version 1.8.70 (RTA v1.8.70). The ACGT101-miR v4.2 pipeline (LC Sciences) was used to analyze sequenced data. Sequences with low Q scores, reads mapped to mRNA, RFam, Repbase and piRNA database were deleted and unique families were generated from identical sequences. These filtered unique sequences were then mapped to fish pre-miRNA and miRNA using miRBase or to the rainbow trout genome (Berthelot et al., 2014) to identify conserved miRNA following ACGT-101 User's Manual. Unique or novel miRNAs were identified after the BLAST performed against fish miRNAs from miRbase database (release 21) and published miRNAs from rainbow trout (Mennigen et al., 2016). The miRNAs that do not match any sequences in the specified databases and have the propensity of forming hairpin structure with the extended sequences at the mapped positions were classified as unique miRNAs. These unique miRNAs were further classified into different groups depending on the mappable reads to selected miRNAs in miRbase. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified using the statistical software R (Version 3.2.2) package DESeq2 for one-way ANOVA comparison of all three treatment groups. Real-time RT–PCR validation was performed using SYBR Green assays Results: 11 miRNA differentially regulated by fasting. 4 miRNAs are downregulated with fasting. 7 miRNAs are upregulated with fasting. Conclusions: Our study represents the first detailed analysis of the rainbow trout miRNAome in response to nutritional stimuli. Specifically, we here identify common hepatic miRNAs differentially regulated by refeeding following a short-term fast (2d), as well as miRNAs differentially regulated in the postprandial state depending on the dieatary stimulus (no carbohydrates compared to >20% dietary carbohydrates)
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Project description:water only fasting changes gut microbiota
| PRJEB9337 | ENA
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Project description:Purpose: The purpose of this study is to measure the changes in liver transcriptome in response to short-term fasting between 5 and 10 h where the rats were dosed with 6 ml/kg of polyethylene glycol vehicle at 0 h Methods: Total RNA was isolated from the liver, using TRIzol Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) and the direct-zol RNA Mini Prep kit (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA). The isolated RNA samples were then submitted to the Vanderbilt University Medical Center VANTAGE Core (Nashville, TN) for RNA quality determination and sequencing. Total RNA quality was assessed using a 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA). At least 200 ng of DNase-treated total RNA with high RNA integrity was used to generate poly-A-enriched mRNA libraries, using KAPA Stranded mRNA sample kits with indexed adaptors (Roche, Indianapolis, IN). Library quality was assessed using the 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent), and libraries were quantitated using KAPA library Quantification kits (Roche). Pooled libraries were subjected to 75-bp single-end sequencing according to the manufacturer’s protocol (Illumina HiSeq3000, San Diego, CA). Results: No genes were were found to be differentially expressed with a false discovery rate less than 0.1 Conclusions: There were no significant changes in liver gene expression between 5 and 10 h of fasting
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC5988561 | biostudies-literature