Project description:The study shows that fungus infection, isolated from neural tissue, can be a risk factor to develop Amyothophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Project description:In the present study, we have examined fungal and bacterial infection in brain tissue from 10 AD patients and 16 control subjects by next-generation sequencing NGS using MiSeq sequencing platform (Illumina).
Project description:Amplicon-based fungal metagenomic sequencing for the identification of fungal species in brain tissue from Alzheimer's disease. The study consists in 14 samples, sequenced using Illumina's paired-end technology.
Project description:The non-coding genome is substantially larger than the protein-coding genome, but has been largely unexplored by genetic association studies. Here, we performed region-based rare-variant association analysis of >25,000 variants in untranslated regions of 6,139 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) whole-genomes and those of 70,403 non-ALS controls. We identified Interleukin-18 Receptor Accessory Protein (IL18RAP) 3′UTR variants as significantly enriched in non-ALS genomes and associated with five-fold reduced risk of developing ALS, and this was replicated in an independent cohort. These variants in the IL18RAP 3′UTR reduce mRNA stability and the binding of double-stranded RNA-binding proteins. Finally, the variants of IL18RAP 3′UTR confer a survival advantage for motor neurons because they dampen neurotoxicity of human iPSC-derived microglia bearing an ALS-associated expansion in C9orf72, and this depends on NF-κB signaling. This study reveals genetic variants that protect against ALS by reducing neuroinflammation, and emphasizes the importance of non-coding genetic association studies.
Project description:Isolation of fungi in infected neural tissues in patients with Parkinson's disease. Here we used next generation sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions, by PCR amplicons (NGS ITS amplicon analysis).
Project description:BackgroundThroughout the industrialized world, demand for low skilled labour is falling. The length of schooling is increasing in response, but so is the proportion of individuals not finishing upper secondary school. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between labour market positions at age 18 and all-cause and suicide- and accident-specific mortality in later adulthood.MethodsLabour market positions at age 18 were categorized for all Swedes born 1972-77 (n=630 959) into four main groups: employed, successful students, students not about to qualify (SNAQs), and individuals not in employment, education or training (NEETs). Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to assess all-cause, suicide and accident mortality up to 2016 (ages 39-44), adjusting for high school grades, parental and own prior psychiatric diagnoses, and childhood socioeconomic status.FindingsSNAQs had substantially increased all-cause (men: HR=2.10; 95% CI 1.92-2.28, women: HR=1.64; 95% CI: 1.44-1.86), suicide (men: HR=2.16; CI: 1.86-2.51, women: HR=2.10; 95% CI 1.64-2.69), and accident specific (men: HR=2.08; 95% CI 1.77-2.44, women: 1.87; 95% CI 1.33;2.62) mortality risks compared to successful students. The risks were similar for NEETs. There was no increased risk among full-time employed compared to successful students.InterpretationExpanding the educational system may be a natural response to falling demand for low skilled labour but not by far one that corrects the major societal challenge of it. Unless educational systems adequately respond to this challenge, only more inequality is to be expected ahead.FundingThis work was supported by a grant to FR and AL from the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare with contract number (2014-2009).
Project description:Rice blast is a recurrent fungal disease, and resistance to fungal infection is a complex trait. Therefore, a comprehensive examination of rice transcriptome and its variation during fungal infection is necessary to understand the complex gene regulatory networks. In this study, adopting Next-Generation Sequencing we profiled the transcriptomes and microRNAomes of rice varieties, one susceptible and the other resistant to M. oryzae, at multiple time points during the fungal infection.
Project description:Rice blast is a recurrent fungal disease, and resistance to fungal infection is a complex trait. Therefore, a comprehensive examination of rice transcriptome and its variation during fungal infection is necessary to understand the complex gene regulatory networks. In this study, adopting Next-Generation Sequencing we profiled the transcriptomes and microRNAomes of rice varieties, one susceptible and the other resistant to M. oryzae, at multiple time points during the fungal infection.
Project description:BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a primary cause of cervical cancer. Although epidemiologic study revealed that carcinogenic risk differs according to HPV genotypes, the expression patterns of HPV-derived transcripts and their dependence on HPV genotypes have not yet been fully elucidated.MethodsIn this study, 382 patients with abnormal cervical cytology were enrolled to assess the associations between HPV-derived transcripts and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades and/or HPV genotypes. Specifically, four HPV-derived transcripts, namely, oncogenes E6 and E6*, E1^E4, and viral capsid protein L1 in four major HPV genotypes-HPV 16, 18, 52, and 58-were investigated.ResultsThe detection rate of E6/E6* increased with CIN progression, whereas there was no significant change in the detection rate of E1^E4 or L1 among CIN grades. In addition, we found that L1 gene expression was HPV type-dependent. Almost all HPV 52-positive specimens, approximately 50% of HPV 58-positive specimens, around 33% of HPV 16-positive specimens, and only one HPV18-positive specimen expressed L1.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that HPV-derived transcripts are HPV genotype-dependent. Especially, expression patterns of L1 gene expression might reflect HPV genotype-dependent patterns of carcinogenesis.