Project description:Whole exome sequencing of 5 HCLc tumor-germline pairs. Genomic DNA from HCLc tumor cells and T-cells for germline was used. Whole exome enrichment was performed with either Agilent SureSelect (50Mb, samples S3G/T, S5G/T, S9G/T) or Roche Nimblegen (44.1Mb, samples S4G/T and S6G/T). The resulting exome libraries were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform with paired-end 100bp reads to an average depth of 120-134x. Bam files were generated using NovoalignMPI (v3.0) to align the raw fastq files to the reference genome sequence (hg19) and picard tools (v1.34) to flag duplicate reads (optical or pcr), unmapped reads, reads mapping to more than one location, and reads failing vendor QC.
Project description:Human nontransformed retinal pigment epithelia RPE-PPM1D-T2 cells carrying a truncating mutation in exon 6 of the PPM1D were exposed to ionising radiation (3 Gy) and subsequently were grown in semisolid media for 8 weeks. Six spheroid clones (RPE-PPM1D-T2-SA clones 1-6) were recovered and then were cultivated in adherent conditions. DNA was isolated from asynchronically growing parental RPE-PPM1D-T2 and transformed RPE-PPM1D-T2-SA-1 to 6 cells and was subjected to whole exome sequencing. DNA sequencing libraries were prepared using KAPA EvoPlus Kit (Roche) and were sequenced on the NovaSeq 6000 system using NovaSeq S1 Reagent Kit v1.5, 200 cycles (Illumina) with mean coverage >35 DNA samples, respectively. DNA fastq files were mapped to the hg19 reference using Novoalign (novoalign_2.08.03). PCR duplicates were removed from the BAM files using Picard Tools (picard-tools 1.129), and variant calling was performed using GATK HaplotypeCaller (3.8). Copy number variations (CNV) were analyzed using CNVkit version 0.7.4. Areas with median coverage >20 were included in the analysis. RNA fastq files were mapped to the hg19 reference using STAR (STAR-2.5.2b). The PCR duplicates were removed using Picard Tools (picard-tools 1.129).
Project description:Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is a common adult soft tissue sarcoma characterized by an infiltrative growth pattern and a high local recurrence rate and high propensity for local recurrence. Using 41 MFSs as a discovery set, we underwent whole exome sequencing (N=41), RNA sequencing (N=29), and methylation analysis (N=41). We subsequently performed targeted sequencing of 140 genes in the entire cohort of 99 MFSs to validate the results in the discovery samples. We also combined 17 MFSs data from TCGA to characterize the molecular features of MFS. Fourteen driver genes were identified, including potentially actionable therapeutic targets seen in 37% of cases. There were frequent alterations in p53 signaling (51%; TP53 and MDM2) and cell cycle checkpoint genes (43%; RB1, CDKN2A/CDKN2B, CDK6, and CCND1) genes. Other conceivably actionable driver genes including ATRX, JAK1, NF1, NTRK1 and novel oncogenic BRAF fusion gene were identified and a novel oncogenic BRAF fusion gene, SLC37A3-BRAF, which could potentially be targeted with BRAF inhibitors, and other conceivably actionable driver genes (ATRX, JAK1, NF1, and NTRK1) were identified. Methylation patterns clustered into three subtypes associated with unique combinations of MFS driver mutations. This cluster was also associated with clinical outcomes, and immune cell compositions. Our results provide a valuable genomic resource to enable the design of precision medicine for MFS. Here, based on these analyses, we identified recurrent driver genes, including novel BRAF fusion gene, and novel methylation clusters associated with unique combinations of driver mutations, clinical outcomes, and immune cell compositions.
Project description:Single Gland Whole-exome sequencing: building on our prior description of multi-region WES of colorectal tumors and targeted single gland sequencing (E-MTAB-2247), we performed WES of multiple single glands from different sides (right: A and left: B) of two tumors in this study (tumor O and U) on the illumina platform using the Agilent SureSelect 2.0 or illumina Nextera Rapid Capture Exome kit (SureSelect or NRCE, as indicated in the naming of fastq files). Colorectal Cancer Xenograft Whole-exome sequencing: The HCT116 and LoVo Mismatch-Repair-deficient colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines were obtained from the ATCC and cultured under standard conditions. For both cell lines, a single âfoundingâ cell was cloned and expanded in vitro to ~6M cells. Two aliquots of ~1M cells were subcutaneously injected into opposite flanks (right and left) of a nude mouse and tumors allowed to reach a size of ~1B cells (1cm3) before the animal was sacrificed. Tumor tissue was collected separately from the right and left lesions and DNA was extracted for WES using the illumina TruSeq Exome kit or Nextera Rapid Capture Exome expanded Kits (Truseq or NRCEe), as was DNA from the first passage population (a polyclonal tissue culture for HCT116 and a polyclonal xenograft sample for LoVo), which were employed as a control to study mutation accumulation in culture and post xenotransplantation.