University of Western Ontario
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: EGAO00000001226 | EGA |
REPOSITORIES: EGA
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Project description:This study proposed and evaluated a guideline for outcome evaluation for infants and children with hearing loss who wear hearing aids. The University of Western Ontario Pediatric Audiological Monitoring Protocol (UWO PedAMP) was developed following a critical review of pediatric outcome evaluation tools and was systematically examined by the Network of Pediatric Audiologists of Canada. It consists of tools to gather clinical process outcomes as well as functional caregiver reports. The UWO PedAMP was administered to a clinical population of infants and children with hearing aids. Sixty-eight children were administered the functional outcome evaluation tools (i.e., caregiver reports) a total of 133 times. Clinical process outcomes of hearing aid verification (e.g., real-ear-to-coupler difference) revealed typical aided audibility (e.g., Speech Intelligibility Index). Results for the LittlEARS(®) questionnaire revealed that typically developing children with hearing loss who wear hearing aids are meeting auditory development milestones. Children with mild to moderate comorbidities displayed typical auditory development during the 1st year of life after which development began to decline. Children with complex factors related to hearing aid use had lower scores on the LittlEARS, but auditory development was in parallel to norms. Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance (PEACH) results indicated no age effect on scoring for children above 2 years of age; however, the effect of degree of hearing loss was significant. This work provides clinicians with a systematic, evidence-based outcome evaluation protocol to implement as part of a complete pediatric hearing aid fitting.
2011-01-01 | S-EPMC4040831 | BioStudies
Project description:Organisation EGAO00000000941
| EGAO00000000941 | EGA
Project description:The shift from maternal to embryonic control is a critical developmental milestone in preimplantation development. Widespread transcriptomic and epigenetic remodeling facilitate this transition from terminally differentiated gametes to totipotent blastomeres, but the identity of transcription factors (TF) and genomic elements regulating embryonic genome activation (EGA) are poorly defined. The timing of EGA is species-specific, e.g., the timing of murine and human EGA differ significantly. To deepen our understanding of mammalian EGA, here we profile changes in open chromatin during bovine preimplantation development. Before EGA, open chromatin is enriched for maternal TF binding, similar to that observed in humans and mice. During EGA, homeobox factor binding becomes more prevalent and requires embryonic transcription. A cross-species comparison of open chromatin during preimplantation development reveals strong similarity in the regulatory circuitry underlying bovine and human EGA compared to mouse. Moreover, TFs associated with murine EGA are not enriched in cattle or humans, indicating that cattle may be a more informative model for human preimplantation development than mice.
2020-01-01 | S-EPMC7498599 | BioStudies
Project description:To evaluate whether there is increased mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 associated with deliveries at 40 weeks of estimated gestational age (EGA) or greater in pregnant women with HIV-1 viral loads of 1,000 copies/mL or less.We performed a secondary analysis of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development International Site Development Initiative Perinatal and Longitudinal Study in Latin American Countries and International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials P1025 cohorts. We included pregnant women with HIV-1 with recent viral loads of 1,000 copies/mL or less at the time of delivery and compared delivery outcomes at between 38 and less than 40 weeks EGA with delivery outcomes at 40 weeks EGA or greater, the exposure of interest. Our primary outcome of interest was mother-to-child transmission, and secondary outcomes included indicators of maternal and neonatal morbidity. We examined the association between EGA and mother-to-child transmission using Poisson distribution. Associations between EGA and secondary outcomes were examined through bivariate analyses using Pearson ? and Fisher exact test or the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test.Among the 2,250 eligible neonates, eight neonates were infected with HIV-1 (overall transmission rate 0.4%, 95% CI 0.2-8.1%, 40 weeks EGA or greater 0.5% [3/621, 95% CI 0.2-1.4%], less than 40 weeks EGA 0.3% [5/1,629, 95% CI 0.1-0.7%]); there was no significant difference in transmission by EGA (rate ratio 1.57, 95% CI 0.24-8.09, P=.77). There was no difference in maternal viral load between the two groups nor was there a difference in timing of transmission among neonates born with HIV-1.In pregnant women with well-controlled HIV-1, the risk of mother-to-child transmission did not differ significantly by EGA at delivery, although we were not powered to demonstrate equivalence of proportions of mother-to-child transmission between EGA groups.
2017-01-01 | S-EPMC5656396 | BioStudies
Project description:Maternal effect factors derived from oocytes are important for sustaining early embryonic development before the major wave of embryonic genome activation (EGA). In this study, we report a two-cell-stage arrest of embryos lacking maternal 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 as a result of suppressed EGA. Concurrent deletion of maternal Pten completely rescued the suppressed EGA and embryonic progression through restored AKT signalling, which fully restored the fertility of double-mutant females. Our study identifies maternal phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signalling as a new maternal effect factor that regulates EGA and preimplantation embryogenesis in mice.
2010-01-01 | S-EPMC2966953 | BioStudies
Project description:Fertilization is followed by complex changes in cytoplasmic composition and extensive chromatin reprogramming which results in the abundant activation of totipotent embryonic genome at embryonic genome activation (EGA). While chromatin reprogramming has been widely studied in several species, only a handful of reports characterize changing transcriptome profiles and resulting metabolic changes in cleavage stage embryos. The aims of the current study were to investigate RNA profiles of in vivo developed (ivv) and in vitro produced (ivt) porcine embryos before (2-cell stage) and after (late 4-cell stage) EGA and determine major metabolic changes that regulate totipotency. The period before EGA was dominated by transcripts responsible for cell cycle regulation, mitosis, RNA translation and processing (including ribosomal machinery), protein catabolism, and chromatin remodelling. Following EGA an increase in the abundance of transcripts involved in transcription, translation, DNA metabolism, histone and chromatin modification, as well as protein catabolism was detected. The further analysis of members of overlapping GO terms revealed that despite that comparable cellular processes are taking place before and after EGA (RNA splicing, protein catabolism), different metabolic pathways are involved. This strongly suggests that a complex metabolic switch accompanies EGA. In vitro conditions significantly altered RNA profiles before EGA, and the character of these changes indicates that they originate from oocyte and are imposed either before oocyte aspiration or during in vitro maturation. IVT embryos have altered content of apoptotic factors, cell cycle regulation factors and spindle components, and transcription factors, which all may contribute to reduced developmental competence of embryos produced in vitro. Overall, our data are in good accordance with previously published, genome-wide profiling data in other species. Moreover, comparison with mouse and human embryos showed striking overlap in functional annotation of transcripts during the EGA, suggesting conserved basic mechanisms regulating establishment of totipotency in mammalian development.
2013-01-01 | S-EPMC3639270 | BioStudies
Project description:OBJECTIVE:Patient-physician discordance in health status ratings may arise because patients use temporal comparisons (comparing their current status with their previous status), while clinicians use social comparisons (comparing this patient's status to that of other patients, or to the full range of disease severity possible) to guide their assessments. We compared discordance between patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and clinicians, using either the conventional patient global assessment (PGA) or a rating scale with 5 anchors describing different health states. We hypothesized that discordance would be smaller with the rating scale because clinicians likely used similar social comparisons when making global assessments. METHODS:We prospectively studied 206 patients with active RA and assessed the PGA (range 0-100), rating scale (range 0-100), and evaluator global assessment (EGA; range 0-100) on each of 2 visits (total visits?=?401). We compared the PGA/EGA discordance and the rating scale/EGA discordance at each visit. RESULTS:The mean?±?SD PGA/EGA discordance was 8.5?±?22.4, and the mean?±?SD rating scale/EGA discordance was 2.3?±?24.0. The intraclass correlation, measuring agreement, was higher between the rating scale and EGA than between the PGA and EGA (0.39 versus 0.31). Agreement was larger at low levels of RA activity on both pairs of measures. CONCLUSION:Discordance between patients' global assessments and evaluators' global assessments was smaller when patients used a social standard of comparison than when they marked the PGA, suggesting that differences in standards of comparison contribute to patient-clinician discordance when the PGA is used.
2017-01-01 | S-EPMC5376375 | BioStudies
Project description:This experiment contains a subset of data from the BLUEPRINT Epigenome project ( http://www.blueprint-epigenome.eu ), which aims at producing a reference haemopoetic epigenomes for the research community. 74 samples of primary cells or cultured primary cells of different haemopoeitc lineages from cord blood, venous blood, bone marrow and thymus are included in this experiment. This ArrayExpress record contains only meta-data. Raw data files have been archived at the European Genome-Phenome Archive (EGA, www.ebi.ac.uk/ega) by the consortium, with restricted access to protect sample donors' identity. There are 32 EGA data set accessions, which can be found under the Comment[EGA_DATA_SET] column in the 'Sample Data Relationship Format' (SDRF) file of this ArrayExpress record (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/files/E-MTAB-3827/E-MTAB-3827.sdrf.txt). Details on how to apply for data access via the BLUEPRINT data access committee are on the EGA data set pages. Likewise, mapping of samples to these EGA accessions can be found in the SDRF file. Please note that the raw data files for 11 sequencing runs have yet been deposited at EGA, so they are marked with \\ot available\\ under the Comment[SUBMITTED_FILE_NAME] field in the SDRF file, and were included for the sake of completeness. Further iInformation on individual samples and sequencing libraries can also be found on the BLUEPRINT data coordination centre (DCC) website: http://dcc.blueprint-epigenome.eu\
2015-09-30 | E-MTAB-3827 | BioStudies
Project description:Embryos utilize oocyte-donated RNAs until they become capable of producing RNAs through embryonic genome activation (EGA). The sperm's influence over pre-EGA RNA content of embryos remains unknown. Recent studies have revealed that sperm donate non-genomic components upon fertilization. Thus, sperm may also contribute to RNA presence in pre-EGA embryos. The first objective of this study was to investigate whether male fertility status is associated with the RNAs present in the bovine embryo prior to EGA. A total of 65 RNAs were found to be differentially expressed between 2-4 cell bovine embryos derived from high and low fertility sires. Expression patterns were confirmed for protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 36 (PPP1R36) and ataxin 2 like (ATXN2L) in three new biological replicates. The knockdown of ATXN2L led to a 22.9% increase in blastocyst development. The second objective of this study was to characterize the parental origin of RNAs present in pre-EGA embryos. Results revealed 472 sperm-derived RNAs, 2575 oocyte-derived RNAs, 2675 RNAs derived from both sperm and oocytes, and 663 embryo-exclusive RNAs. This study uncovers an association of male fertility with developmentally impactful RNAs in 2-4 cell embryos. This study also provides an initial characterization of paternally-contributed RNAs to pre-EGA embryos. Furthermore, a subset of 2-4 cell embryo-specific RNAs was identified.
2019-01-01 | S-EPMC6937301 | BioStudies
Project description:Animals underwent combined general-epidural anesthesia (EGA) is reported to have better long-time outcome than general anesthesia (GA). This study aimed to make overall evaluation of the association between these two anesthetic techniques and prognosis of cancer patients undergoing surgery.Related databases such as PubMed and EMbase were searched for eligible studies that evaluated the influence of EGA and GA on the prognosis of cancer patients undergoing surgery. Selected studies were evaluated according to the inclusion criteria by two reviewers respectively, followed by data extraction and quality assessment. The odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the influence strength of EGA and GA on prognosis of cancer patients.A total of ten studies involving 3254 patients were included. The overall results demonstrated that there was no significant difference between EGA and GA group (OR?=?0.88, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.06, P?=?0.187) concerning postoperative recurrence and metastasis rate. In regard to the following two factors: cancer category and time of follow-up, subgroup analysis identified significant differences between EGA and GA in the group of patients with prostate cancer and the group with follow-up less than or equal to two years (OR?=?0.66, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.95, P?=?0.027; OR?=?0.70, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.98, P?=?0.035; respectively) concerning postoperative recurrence and metastasis rate. However, no significant difference was found in the group of patients with colorectal cancer (OR?=?1.06, 95% CI 0.84-1.33, P?=?0.62).This meta-analysis showed that EGA might be associated with improvement in prognosis of patients with operable prostate cancer and the cancer patients with follow-up less than or equal to two years. However, no obvious relationship between the improvement in prognosis of colorectal cancer and EGA were detected, comparing to GA. Furthermore, all the results should be interpreted cautiously, as heterogeneous data were used for analyzing.
2014-01-01 | S-EPMC4280190 | BioStudies