Ancient nuclear genomes enable repatriation of Indigenous human remains
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: EGAS00001003359 | EGA |
REPOSITORIES: EGA
Similar Datasets
Project description:The population history of Aboriginal Australians remains largely uncharacterised. We generated high-coverage genomes for 83 Aboriginal Australians (speakers of Pama-Nyungan languages) and 25 Papuans from the New Guinea Highlands. We find that Papuan and Aboriginal Australian ancestors diversified 25-40 thousand years ago (kya), suggesting early population structure in the ancient continent of Sahul (Australia, New Guinea and Tasmania). However, all studied Aboriginal Australians descend from a single founding population that differentiated ~10-32 kya. We infer a population expansion in northeast Australia during the Holocene (past c.10 kya) associated with limited gene flow from this region to the rest of Australia consistent with the spread of the Pama-Nyungan languages. We estimate that Aboriginal Australians and Papuans diverged from Eurasians 51-72 kya, following a single out of Africa dispersal, and subsequently admixed with different archaic populations. Finally, we report evidence of selection in Aboriginal Australians potentially associated with living in the desert.
| EGAS00001001766 | EGA
Project description:Ancient nuclear genomes enable repatriation of Indigenous human remains
| PRJEB29663 | ENA
Project description:This dataset contains the per-chromosome RFMix input and output files for the local ancestry inference of 59 Aboriginal Australian genomes as reported in Malaspinas et al., 2016. Local ancestry was inferred assuming four mixing ancestral populations represented by: Europeans (27 individuals), Asians (29 individuals), Papuans (13 individuals) and Native Australians (7 individuals from the WCD region).
| EGAD00010001575 | EGA
Project description:BAM files for high-throughput whole genome sequence data of 17 modern Aboriginal Australians
| EGAD00001004492 | EGA
Project description:Intervention Arm A (low intensity support) - Primary health care centres in this arm are offered a low intensity model of support to prepare them to offer the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program bowel screening kit to their eligible clients (aged 50-74). This support includes access to an online training module for health centre staff about bowel cancer and bowel cancer screening and other resources to assist them to deliver the program to their clients. When eligible clients attend the health centre they will be invited to screen and receive a bowel screening kit as part of the Alternative Pathway.
The on-line training module includes the following topics: About bowel cancer and bowel cancer screening; Risk factors for bowel cancer; Bowel cancer treatment; Incidence, survival and screening participation rates; About the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program; About the Alternative Pathway; Talking about bowel screening with your Indigenous clients (clinical and social aspects); Assessing suitability for screening; Understanding test results; General Practitioner assessment; Colonoscopy; Risks and benefits of screening.
The online training module will take health professionals about one hour to complete. It was designed specifically for the pilot to relate directly to the context of primary health care centres and health professionals providing services to Indigenous clients in the eligible age group. It includes the use of animations, a music video, and with voiceovers by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander actors (two male, one female). Short quizzes (three to six questions each) test participant knowledge and learning throughout the module. Designed primarily for Indigenous Health Workers, the resources can be used by other health professionals.
Other resources developed specifically for this project and provided as part of the low intensity support model include:
- A manual for implementation: ‘The Alternative Pathway in your Health Centre’
Primary outcome(s): Outcome: Screening participation by client population
The primary outcome is the screening participation rate in the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program by Indigenous people aged 50 to 74, who are clients of participating primary health care centres that have received low intensity (Arm A) or intensive support (Arm B) in offering screening to their clients.
The client population screening participation rate is calculated as the total number of eligible (aged 50 to 74) Indigenous clients of a participating primary health care centre, who return for testing a National Bowel Cancer Screening Program kit received from the health centre during the 12 months following commencement of the trial; as a proportion of the total number of active eligible (aged 50 to 74) Indigenous clients of that health centre. (An active client is defined by the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners and the National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations as: A patient who has attended the practice/service three or more times in the past 2 years.)
Number of clients who returned kits for testing and total active eligible Indigenous clients for each health centre will be aggregated to compare the population screening participation rates of eligible (aged 50 to 74) Indigenous clients of health centres that are:
- in Arm A and Arm B;
- in different categories of remoteness (urban, regional, remote);
- in different jurisdictions (states/territories);
- in different Hot Zone restriction categories (Number of months by which an area is restricted by the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program from distributing kits during months in which the average monthly temperature is higher than 30 degrees Celsius.)
The outcome will also be compared with the screening participation rate of Indigenous Australians through the usual pathway of the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program, as reported by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare in the Program’s annual monitoring report, at baseline (within two months prior to commencement of the trial) and at 12 and 18 months following commencement of the trial.
[Timepoint (1):
- Screening participation measured after 12 months following commencement of trial; and at 18 months after commencement of trial. (The National Bowel Cancer Screening Program allows six months after the distribution of kits for screening participants to return the completed kits for testing.)
- Active Client population measured at commencement of trial and at 12 months following commencement of trial. (Number of active clients and other health centre characteristics will be reported by participating health centres at baseline through an online Health Centre Profile form, completed as part of the application process to take part in the trial, and updated at six and twelve months following commencement of the trial)
]
Study Design: Purpose: Prevention; Allocation: Randomised controlled trial; Masking: Open (masking not used);Assignment: Parallel;Type of endpoint: Efficacy
| 2467948 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:Mapped data (bam files) for high-throughput whole genome sequence data for 83 modern Aboriginal Australians
| EGAD00001002001 | EGA
Project description:It remains challenging to study the viability and metabolic activity of microorganisms buried in ancient permafrost. We coupled aspartic acid racemization assay with metaproteomics to constraint the microbial activity of indigenous microbial community entrappped in permafrost sediment over 100 kyr ago.
2021-09-09 | PXD022683 | Pride
Project description:The Genomic Prehistory of the Indigenous People of Uruguay
| PRJEB48360 | ENA
Project description:Human skeletal tissue contains an abundance of proteins some of which may be preserved over geological timescales. The profiling of proteins from ancient individuals — or palaeoproteomics —has begun to provide new information about the diseases suffered in past societies. We describe here the first dental palaeoproteomic profiles of Iron Age individuals, collected from the site of Long Long Rak rockshelter in northwest Thailand. We recovered amino acid sequences for thousands of proteins preserved in their dental tissue, however, it is evident that these palaeoproteomic profiles comprise a palimpsest of modifications that occurred both ante-mortem and post-mortem. Palaeoproteomic profiles are able to categorise disease and show the capacity of these individuals for harboring a variety of illnesses prior to death. Here we apply for the first time palaeoproteomic analysis to five prehistoric human teeth from Southeast Asia. We combine this method with stable isotope analysis using δ18O and δ13C values to broadly identify the diet of these individuals. The specimens were collected from log coffins contained within the Iron Age site of Long Long Rak (LLR) rockshelter in Pang Mapha district, Mae Hong Son Province, northwest Thailand.. Radiocarbon dating shows these log coffins to date within the range of 1,960±30 cal. yr BP to 1,636±44 cal. yr BP.
2019-11-20 | PXD008479 | Pride