Cancer immune control needs senescence induction by Stat1 dependent cell cycle regulator pathways in tumours
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PROVIDER: EGAS00001004151 | EGA |
REPOSITORIES: EGA
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Project description:Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based or natural cancer immune responses largely eliminate tumours but require additional mechanisms to arrest cancer cells that escape from cytotoxic immune responses. We show that cancer immune control needs, in addition to cytotoxicity, senescence-inducing cell cycle regulators.
2019-12-18 | GSE142192 | GEO
Project description:Cell size and the cell cycle are intrinsically coupled and abnormal increases in cell size are associated with senescence and permanent cell cycle arrest. The mechanism by which overgrowth primes cells to withdraw from the cell cycle remains unknown. We investigate this here using CDK4/6 inhibitors that arrest cell cycle progression during G0/G1 and are used in the clinic to treat ER+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer. We demonstrate that CDK4/6 inhibition promotes cellular overgrowth during G0/G1, causing p38MAPK-p53-p21-dependent cell cycle withdrawal. We find that cell cycle withdrawal is triggered by two waves of p21 induction. First, overgrowth during a long-term G0/G1 arrest induces an osmotic stress response. This stress response produces the first wave of p21 induction. Second, when CDK4/6 inhibitors are removed, a fraction of cells escape long term G0/G1 arrest and enter S-phase where overgrowth-driven replication stress results in a second wave of p21 induction that causes cell cycle withdrawal from G2, or the subsequent G1. We propose a model whereby both waves of p21 induction contribute to promote permanent cell cycle arrest. This model could explain why cellular hypertrophy is associated with senescence and why CDK4/6 inhibitors have long-lasting effects in patients.
2023-11-27 | PXD036519 | Pride
Project description:Oncogenes or chemotherapy treatments trigger the induction of suppressive pathways such as apoptosis or senescence. Senescence was initially defined as a definitive arrest of cell proliferation but recent results have shown that this mechanism is also associated with cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance. Senescence is therefore much more heterogeneous than initially thought. How this response varies is not really understood, it has been proposed that its outcome relies on the secretome of senescent cells and on the maintenance of their epigenetic marks. Using experimental models of senescence escape, we now described that the stability of this suppression relies on specific tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Following chemotherapy treatment, the DNA binding of the type III RNA polymerase was reduced to prevent tRNA transcription and induce a complete cell cycle arrest. By contrast, during senescence escape, specific tRNAs such as tRNA-Leu-CAA and tRNA-Tyr-GTA were upregulated. Reducing tRNA transcription appears necessary to control the strength of senescence since RNA pol III inhibition through BRF1 depletion maintained senescence and blocked cell persistence. mTOR inhibition also prevented CIS escape in association with a reduction of tRNA-Leu-CAA and tRNA-Tyr-GTA expression. Further confirming the role of the tRNA-Leu-CAA and tRNA-Tyr-GTA, their corresponding tRNA ligases, YARS and LARS, were necessary for senescence escape. This effect was specific since the CARS ligase had no effect on persistence. YARS and LARS inactivation reduced cell emergence and proteomic analysis indicated that this effect was associated with the down-regulation of E2F1 target genes. Overall, these findings highlight a new regulation of tRNA biology during senescence and suggest that specific tRNAs and ligases contribute to the strength and heterogeneity of this suppression. !
2021-12-09 | PXD029535 | Pride
Project description:Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and therapy-induced senescence (TIS), while tumor-suppressive, also promote procarcinogenic effects by activating the DNA damage response (DDR), which in turn induces inflammation. This inflammatory response prominently includes an array of cytokines known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Previous observations link the transcription-associated methyltransferase and oncoprotein MLL1 to the DDR, leading us to investigate the role of MLL1 in SASP expression. Our findings reveal direct MLL1 epigenetic control over proproliferative cell cycle genes: MLL1 inhibition represses expression of proproliferative cell cycle regulators required for DNA replication and DDR activation, thus disabling SASP expression. Strikingly, however, these effects of MLL1 inhibition on SASP gene expression do not impair OIS and, furthermore, abolish the ability of the SASP to enhance cancer cell proliferation. More broadly, MLL1 inhibition also reduces âÂÂSASP-likeâ inflammatory gene expression from cancer cells in vitro and in vivo independently of senescence. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MLL1 inhibition may be a powerful and effective strategy for inducing cancerous growth arrest through the direct epigenetic regulation of proliferation-promoting genes and the avoidance of deleterious OIS- or TIS-related tumor secretomes, which can promote both drug resistance and tumor progression. This study consists of a single replicate of RNA-seq from oncogene-induced senescent (or control) IMR90 cells in a MLL1 knockdown (or WT) background, for a total of four samples
2016-02-23 | E-GEOD-78138 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Oncogenic signals can induce premature senescence (OIS) in normal human cells causing a proliferation arrest and the elimination of these defective cells by immune cells. In order to identify new regulators of OIS, we performed a loss-of-function genetic screen and identified that the loss of SCN9A sodium channel allowed cells to escape from OIS. Here we studied the transcriptome profiles of an OIS model based on human mammary epithelial cells stably expressing hTert to be immortalized and MEK:ER, a 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) inducible oncogene MEK:ER (HEC-TM cells), to induce the oncogenic signal. We used an shRNA in order to knockdown SCN9A expression during OIS, and KCL treatment to study the impact of membrane depolarization on senescence induction. We showed that SCN9A and plama membrane depolarization mediated the repression of mitotic genes through a calcium/Rb/E2F pathway to promote senescence. Taken together, our work delineates a new pathway, which involves the NFkB transcription factor, SCN9A expression, plasma membrane depolarization.
2018-02-21 | GSE110884 | GEO
Project description:Among the different chemotherapies available, genotoxic drugs are widely used. In response to these drugs, particularly doxorubicin, tumor cells can enter into senescence. Chemotherapy-induced senescence (CIS) is a complex response. Long described as a definitive arrest of cell proliferation, we and various groups have shown that this state may not be complete and could allow certain cells to reproliferate. The mechanism could be due to the activation of new signaling pathways. In the laboratory, we study the proteins involved in these pathways and triggering cell proliferation. In this study, we determine a new role for Anterior Gradient protein 2 (AGR2) in vivo in patients and in vitro in a senescence escape model. We used proteomic studies of patients’ samples and cell lines, and also RNA interference to assess the implication of AGR2 in breast cancer and proliferation of senescent cells. First, we identified AGR2, and found that its concentration is higher in the serum of breast cancer patients and that this high concentration is associated with metastasis occurrence. We also observed an inverse correlation between intratumoral AGR2 expression and the senescence marker p16. This observation led us to study AGR2’s role in the CIS escape model. In this model, we found that AGR2 is overexpressed in cells during senescence escape and its loss considerably reduces that phenomenon. Furthermore, we showed that the extracellular form eAGR2 stimulated the reproliferation of senescent cells. The power of proteomic analysis based on the SWATH-MS approach allowed us to highlight the mTOR/AKT signaling pathway in the senescence escape mechanism mediated by AGR2. Analysis of the two signaling pathways revealed that AGR2 modulates RICTOR phosphorylation. All these results show that AGR2 is a breast cancer biomarker and regulates CIS escape via activation of the mTORC2/AKT signaling pathway.
2022-02-15 | PXD028073 | Pride
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and therapy-induced senescence (TIS), while tumor-suppressive, also promote procarcinogenic effects by activating the DNA damage response (DDR), which in turn induces inflammation. This inflammatory response prominently includes an array of cytokines known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Previous observations link the transcription-associated methyltransferase and oncoprotein MLL1 to the DDR, leading us to investigate the role of MLL1 in SASP expression. Our findings reveal direct MLL1 epigenetic control over proproliferative cell cycle genes: MLL1 inhibition represses expression of proproliferative cell cycle regulators required for DNA replication and DDR activation, thus disabling SASP expression. Strikingly, however, these effects of MLL1 inhibition on SASP gene expression do not impair OIS and, furthermore, abolish the ability of the SASP to enhance cancer cell proliferation. More broadly, MLL1 inhibition also reduces âSASP-likeâ inflammatory gene expression from cancer cells in vitro and in vivo independently of senescence. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MLL1 inhibition may be a powerful and effective strategy for inducing cancerous growth arrest through the direct epigenetic regulation of proliferation-promoting genes and the avoidance of deleterious OIS- or TIS-related tumor secretomes, which can promote both drug resistance and tumor progression. Previously published samples GSM1135046, GSM1135044, GSM1135047, and GSM1135045 were also studied in this investigation and appear in GSE36641. This did not involve re-sequencing or re-alignment, nor any other deviation from the data protocols in that series. Refer to individual Series
2016-02-22 | E-GEOD-78142 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and therapy-induced senescence (TIS), while tumor-suppressive, also promote procarcinogenic effects by activating the DNA damage response (DDR), which in turn induces inflammation. This inflammatory response prominently includes an array of cytokines known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Previous observations link the transcription-associated methyltransferase and oncoprotein MLL1 to the DDR, leading us to investigate the role of MLL1 in SASP expression. Our findings reveal direct MLL1 epigenetic control over proproliferative cell cycle genes: MLL1 inhibition represses expression of proproliferative cell cycle regulators required for DNA replication and DDR activation, thus disabling SASP expression. Strikingly, however, these effects of MLL1 inhibition on SASP gene expression do not impair OIS and, furthermore, abolish the ability of the SASP to enhance cancer cell proliferation. More broadly, MLL1 inhibition also reduces �SASP-like� inflammatory gene expression from cancer cells in vitro and in vivo independently of senescence. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MLL1 inhibition may be a powerful and effective strategy for inducing cancerous growth arrest through the direct epigenetic regulation of proliferation-promoting genes and the avoidance of deleterious OIS- or TIS-related tumor secretomes, which can promote both drug resistance and tumor progression. This study examines the genome-wide distribution of gH2A.x and H3K4me3 by chIP-seq, using input and whole histone subunit H3 (respectively) as controls for local sonication efficiency bias. Each of the four chIPs has a single replicate each in (i) IMR90 fibroblasts transfected with a scramble control vector, (ii) the same cells subject to oncogene-induced senescence by stimulation of H-Ras V12, and (iii) in OIS cells with a shRNA targeting MLL1. Additionally, gH2A.x and input were sequenced with another replicate in control and OIS cells (both scramble control).
2016-02-23 | E-GEOD-78141 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:SETD1A, a member of the Set1/COMPASS family maintaining H3K4 methylation in the promoters of transcriptionally active genes, is critical for the execution of developmental gene expression and is overexpressed in multiple cancers including breast cancer1-3. Here we show that SETD1A is essential for supporting cellular mitotic processes and consequentially, its depletion leads to senescence. SETD1A directly regulates the expression of several genes orchestrating mitosis and DNA damage responses and its depletion results in multiple mitotic defects including chromosome misalignment and segregation defects. Senescence-associated cell cycle arrest in SETD1A knockdown cells is independent of the mutational status of p53, RB and p16, key mediators of this process, instead, is sustained through direct transcriptional suppression of SKP2, the ubiquitin ligase, which degrades p27 and p21. Rare cells escape senescence and re-enter the cell cycle by restoring SKP2 expression but with enhanced genomic instability. In >200 cancer cell lines and in primary circulating tumor cells, expression of SETD1A correlates with genes involved in mitosis and cell cycle suggesting a role in suppressing senescence induced by aberrant mitosis. Thus, SETD1A encodes a chromatin modifier, whose modulation may maintain the balance between senescence and genomic instability in cells.
2019-07-08 | GSE117427 | GEO
Project description:Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and therapy-induced senescence (TIS), while tumor-suppressive, also promote procarcinogenic effects by activating the DNA damage response (DDR), which in turn induces inflammation. This inflammatory response prominently includes an array of cytokines known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Previous observations link the transcription-associated methyltransferase and oncoprotein MLL1 to the DDR, leading us to investigate the role of MLL1 in SASP expression. Our findings reveal direct MLL1 epigenetic control over proproliferative cell cycle genes: MLL1 inhibition represses expression of proproliferative cell cycle regulators required for DNA replication and DDR activation, thus disabling SASP expression. Strikingly, however, these effects of MLL1 inhibition on SASP gene expression do not impair OIS and, furthermore, abolish the ability of the SASP to enhance cancer cell proliferation. More broadly, MLL1 inhibition also reduces “SASP-like” inflammatory gene expression from cancer cells in vitro and in vivo independently of senescence. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MLL1 inhibition may be a powerful and effective strategy for inducing cancerous growth arrest through the direct epigenetic regulation of proliferation-promoting genes and the avoidance of deleterious OIS- or TIS-related tumor secretomes, which can promote both drug resistance and tumor progression.
2016-02-23 | GSE78141 | GEO