Targeted sequencing DDR genes in cancer stem cells
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: EGAS00001004892 | EGA |
REPOSITORIES: EGA
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Project description:DNA replication stress is the major cause of genomic instability in human cells. The ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase (ATR) plays an essential role in the cellular response to replication stress and inhibition of ATR has emerged as therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. However, the ATR-dependent signaling in the cellular response to replication stress has not been systematically investigated. Here, we employ quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to decipher the ATR-dependent phosphorylation events in response to pathological replication stress induced by hydroxyurea. Our data define the substrate spectrum of ATR and identify several novel putative ATR substrates. In addition, we demonstrate that ATR-inhibition fundamentally rewires cellular signaling networks leading to the prominent activation of different pathways including the ATM-driven double strand break repair.
2017-03-29 | MSV000080795 | MassIVE
Project description:Proper activation of DNA repair pathways in response to DNA replication stress is critical for maintaining genomic integrity. Due to the complex nature of the replication fork (RF), problems at the RF require multiple proteins, which remain unidentified, for resolution. In this study, we identified the NMDA receptor synaptonuclear signaling and neuronal migration factor (NSMF) as a key replication stress response factor that is important for ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) activation. NSMF localizes rapidly to stalled RFs and acts as a scaffold to modulate replication protein A (RPA) complex formation with cell division cycle 5-like (CDC5L) and ATR/ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP). Depletion of NSMF compromised phosphorylation and ubiquitination of RPA2 and the ATR signaling cascade, resulting in genomic instability at RFs under DNA replication stress. Consistently, NSMF knockout (KO) mice exhibited increased genomic instability and hypersensitivity to genotoxic stress. NSMF deficiency in human and mouse cells also caused increased chromosomal instability. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that NSMF regulates the ATR pathway and the replication stress response network for genome maintenance and cell survival.
2021-09-09 | PXD021942 | Pride
Project description:The ATR kinase, which coordinates cellular responses to DNA replication stress, is also essential for the proliferation of normal unstressed cells. Although its role in the replication stress response is well defined, the mechanisms by which ATR supports normal cell proliferation remain elusive. Here, we show that Atr is dispensable for the viability of G0-arrested naïve B cells. However, upon cytokine-induced proliferation, Atr-deficient B cells initiate DNA replication efficiently in early S phase, but by mid-S phase they display dNTP depletion, fork stalling, and replication failure. Nonetheless, productive DNA replication can be restored in Atr-deficient cells by pathways that suppress origin firing, such as downregulation of CDC7 and CDK1 kinase activities. Together, these findings indicate that ATR supports the proliferation of normal unstressed cells by tempering the pace of origin firing during the early S phase to avoid exhaustion of dNTPs and other replication factors.
2022-12-31 | GSE212195 | GEO
Project description:The ATR kinase, which coordinates cellular responses to DNA replication stress, is also essential for the proliferation of normal unstressed cells. Although its role in the replication stress response is well defined, the mechanisms by which ATR supports normal cell proliferation remain elusive. Here, we show that Atr is dispensable for the viability of G0-arrested naïve B cells. However, upon cytokine-induced proliferation, Atr-deficient B cells initiate DNA replication efficiently in early S phase, but by mid-S phase they display dNTP depletion, fork stalling, and replication failure. Nonetheless, productive DNA replication can be restored in Atr-deficient cells by pathways that suppress origin firing, such as downregulation of CDC7 and CDK1 kinase activities. Together, these findings indicate that ATR supports the proliferation of normal unstressed cells by tempering the pace of origin firing during the early S phase to avoid exhaustion of dNTPs and other replication factors.
2022-12-31 | GSE214643 | GEO
Project description:The ATR kinase, which coordinates cellular responses to DNA replication stress, is also essential for the proliferation of normal unstressed cells. Although its role in the replication stress response is well defined, the mechanisms by which ATR supports normal cell proliferation remain elusive. Here, we show that Atr is dispensable for the viability of G0-arrested naïve B cells. However, upon cytokine-induced proliferation, Atr-deficient B cells initiate DNA replication efficiently in early S phase, but by mid-S phase they display dNTP depletion, fork stalling, and replication failure. Nonetheless, productive DNA replication can be restored in Atr-deficient cells by pathways that suppress origin firing, such as downregulation of CDC7 and CDK1 kinase activities. Together, these findings indicate that ATR supports the proliferation of normal unstressed cells by tempering the pace of origin firing during the early S phase to avoid exhaustion of dNTPs and other replication factors.
2022-12-31 | GSE212194 | GEO
Project description:DNA replication stress is the major cause of genomic instability in human cells. The ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase (ATR) plays an essential role in the cellular response to replication stress and inhibition of ATR has emerged as therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. However, the ATR-dependent signaling in the cellular response to replication stress has not been systematically investigated. Here, we employ quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to decipher the ATR-dependent phosphorylation events in response to pathological replication stress induced by hydroxyurea. Our data define the substrate spectrum of ATR and identify several novel putative ATR substrates. In addition, we demonstrate that ATR-inhibition fundamentally rewires cellular signaling networks leading to the prominent activation of different pathways including the ATM-driven double strand break repair.
2015-11-24 | PXD002135 | Pride
Project description:High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) constitutively activate the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) DNA damage response pathway for their replication. Although ATR has many reported functions, knowledge of how it regulates viral replication is limited. Most studies regarding ATR function focus on its roles in cell survival and initiation of DNA damage response. In this study, we examined whether the transcriptional regulatory properties directed by ATR are critical for HPV pathogenesis, and if so which downstream targets are important. Using RNA-seq approaches, we observed that ATR knockdown increases expression of many inflammatory genes. This mechanism is dependent on the p62/GATA4 signaling pathway.
2020-07-27 | GSE142482 | GEO
Project description:High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) often involves amplification of the neural MYC (MYCN) oncogene as well as mutations in ALK. Currently, high-risk NB presents significant clinical challenges, and additional therapeutic options are needed. Oncogenes such as MYCN and ALK result in increased replication stress in cancer cells, offering one such therapeutically exploitable option. Here, we followed up on earlier phosphoproteomic analyses that identified ATR activity in ALK-driven NB cell lines. We tested several ATR inhibitors, identifying BAY 1895344 as the most potent inhibitor of NB cell growth and proliferation. Using RNA-Seq, proteomics and phosphoproteomics we characterized the response of NB cells and tumours to ATR inhibition, identifying key components of the DNA damage response (DDR) as well as ATRX, MYCN, E2F and DCK among other ATR targets in NB cells. ATR inhibition with BAY 1895344 also produced robust responses in mouse NB models. Remarkably, a 2 week protocol combining ATR and ALK inhibition led to complete regression of NB tumours in two independent NB genetically modified mouse tumour models. These results suggest that NB patients, particularly in high-risk groups with oncogene induced replication stress, may benefit from inhibition of ATR as therapeutic intervention.
2021-11-02 | PXD027187 | Pride
Project description:Despite advances in multi-modal treatment approaches, clinical outcomes of patients suffering from PAX3-FOXO1 fusion oncogene-expressing alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) remain dismal. Here we show that PAX3-FOXO1-expressing ARMS cells are sensitive to pharmacological ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related protein (ATR) inhibition. Expression of PAX3-FOXO1 in muscle progenitor cells is not only sufficient to increase sensitivity to ATR inhibition, but PAX3-FOXO1-expressing rhabdomyosarcoma cells also exhibit increased sensitivity to structurally diverse inhibitors of ATR. Mechanistically, ATR inhibition leads to replication stress exacerbation, decreased BRCA1 phosphorylation and reduced homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair pathway activity. Consequently, ATR inhibitor treatment increases sensitivity of ARMS cells to PARP1 inhibition in vitro, and combined treatment with ATR and PARP1 inhibitors induces complete regression of primary patient-derived ARMS xenografts in vivo. Lastly, a genome-wide CRISPR activation screen (CRISPRa) in combination with transcriptional analyses of ATR inhibitor resistant ARMS cells identifies the RAS-MAPK pathway and its targets, the FOS gene family, as inducers of resistance to ATR inhibition. Our findings provide a rationale for upcoming biomarker-driven clinical trials of ATR inhibitors in patients suffering from ARMS.
2022-07-11 | PXD035131 | JPOST Repository
Project description:Polybromo-1 (PBRM1), which encodes a specific subunit of the pBAF chromatin remodeling complex, is inactivated in multiple malignancies including 50% of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. At present, a therapeutic strategy that selectively targets PBRM1 defects does not exist. PBRM1 is involved in multiple cellular processes including transcription, replication and DNA repair. Using high-throughput screens and multiple isogenic and non-isogenic models, we found that PBRM1 defects cause synthetic lethality with several clinical PARP inhibitors, both in vitro and in vivo. This effect was enhanced using combinations with either small molecule ATR or BET inhibitors. Mechanistically, PBRM1 defects caused increased replication stress, R-loop formation and genomic instability that was exacerbated by PARP inhibitors. We also found that PARP and ATR inhibitors activate the cGAS-STING innate immunity pathway in PBRM1-deficient but not in PBRM1-proficient cells. These data provide the pre-clinical rationale for assessing PARP inhibitors as a monotherapy or in combination with ATR inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors, in patients with PBRM1-deficient cancers.
2022-02-21 | PXD017826 | Pride