Extensive patient-to-patient single nuclei transcriptome heterogeneity in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas
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PROVIDER: EGAS00001006230 | EGA |
REPOSITORIES: EGA
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Project description:Pheochromocytomas are neural crest-derived tumors that arise from inherited or sporadic mutations in at least six independent genes: RET, VHL, NF1, and subunits B, C and D of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). The proteins encoded by these multiple genes regulate distinct functions. To identify molecular interactions between the distinct pathways we performed expression profiling of a large cohort of pheochromocytomas. We show here a functional link between tumors with VHL mutations and those with disruption of the genes encoding for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits B (SDHB) and D (SDHD). A transcription profile of reduced oxidoreductase is detected in all three of these tumor types, together with an angiogenesis/hypoxia profile typical of VHL dysfunction. The oxidoreductase defect, not previously detected in VHL-null tumors, is explained by suppression of the SDHB protein, a component of mitochondrial complex II. The decrease in SDHB is also noted in tumors with SDHD mutations. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses show that the link between hypoxia signals (via VHL) and mitochondrial signals (via SDH) is mediated by HIF1?. These findings explain the shared features of pheochromocytomas with VHL and SDH mutations and suggest an additional mechanism for increased HIF1? activity in tumors.
2007-06-21 | E-GEOD-2841 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Pheochromocytomas are neural crest-derived tumors that arise from inherited or sporadic mutations in at least six independent genes: RET, VHL, NF1, and subunits B, C and D of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). The proteins encoded by these multiple genes regulate distinct functions. To identify molecular interactions between the distinct pathways we performed expression profiling of a large cohort of pheochromocytomas. We show here a functional link between tumors with VHL mutations and those with disruption of the genes encoding for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits B (SDHB) and D (SDHD). A transcription profile of reduced oxidoreductase is detected in all three of these tumor types, together with an angiogenesis/hypoxia profile typical of VHL dysfunction. The oxidoreductase defect, not previously detected in VHL-null tumors, is explained by suppression of the SDHB protein, a component of mitochondrial complex II. The decrease in SDHB is also noted in tumors with SDHD mutations. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses show that the link between hypoxia signals (via VHL) and mitochondrial signals (via SDH) is mediated by HIF1?. These findings explain the shared features of pheochromocytomas with VHL and SDH mutations and suggest an additional mechanism for increased HIF1? activity in tumors. Keywords: disease state analysis: Primary sporadic and hereditary pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas
2005-08-12 | GSE2841 | GEO
Project description:With the advent of potent second-line anti-androgen therapy, we and others have observed an increased incidence of androgen receptor (AR)-null small cell or neuroendocrine prostate cancer (SCNPC) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Additionally, we have detected upregulated expression of MET and RET transcripts in SCNPC metastases relative to adenocarcinoma. Our study was designed to determine the effect of cabozantinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits MET, RET and VEGFR2, on SCNPC patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in vivo. Surveillance of SU2C and University of Washington rapid autopsy mCRPC cohorts through RNA-Seq revealed that increased MET expression significantly correlated with loss of AR expression and activity. In vitro treatment of SCNPC PDX cells with AMG 337 had no impact on cell viability in LuCaP 93 (MET+/RET+) and LuCaP 173.1 (MET-/RET-), whereas cabozantinib decreased cell viability in LuCaP 93, but not in LuCaP 173.1. Notably, tumor volume was significantly decreased (p<0.001) with cabozantinib treatment in SCID mice bearing LuCaP 93 and LuCaP 173.1 tumors. Tissue analysis indicated that tumor cell proliferation was not inhibited by cabozantinib, but that cabozantinib decreased microvessel density (CD31) in LuCaP 93 (p<0.001) and LuCaP 173.1 (p<0.01) tumors. RNA-Seq and gene set enrichment analysis determined that hypoxia and glycolysis pathways were increased in cabozantinib treated tumors relative to control tumors. Thus, cabozantinib inhibited tumor growth in MET+/RET+ LuCaP 93 and MET-/RET- LuCaP 173.1 tumors in vivo and this activity was independent of MET or RET expression in LuCaP 173.1. Our data suggest that the most likely mechanism of tumor growth suppression is through disruption of the stromal architecture and cabozantinib may represent a potential therapy for patients with metastatic disease in tumor phenotypes that have a significant dependence on the tumor vasculature for survival and proliferation.
2021-01-27 | GSE148538 | GEO
Project description:A Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT) project from the french Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (http://cit.ligue-cancer.net) | Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 : 188 tumor samples |Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are neuroendocrine tumors occuring in the context of inherited cancer syndromes in approximately 30% of cases, linked to germline mutations in VHL, RET, NF1, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2 or TMEM127 genes. Although progress has been made with regard to tumorigenesis mechanisms in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma thanks to genome-wide expression studies, the question of a putative molecular distinction between VHL- and SDHx- on one hand, and RET- and NF1-related tumors on the other hand, remained to be addressed as well as the characterization of genetic events in sporadic tumors. With this purpose, 202 pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas, including 75 hereditary tumors, were investigated by expression profiling, array CGH and somatic mutation screening. The systematic characterization of somatic genetic events associated with tumor suppressor gene germline mutations in tumor tissues reveals a majority of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) but also point mutations and copy neutral LOH. Gene-expression signature defined the hereditary tumors according to their genotype. Especially, a complete sub-separation between SDHx- and VHL-related tumors was observed. Moreover, guided by the transcriptome classification and the LOH profile, somatic mutations in VHL or RET genes were identified in 14% of sporadic pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas. A genetic cause was found in 45.5% (92/202) of the large series of pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas analyzed. Regarding mutated genes, specific molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis mechanisms are showed. Altogether, these new findings suggest that somatic mutation analysis would give important clues for personalized molecular target therapies.
2011-07-07 | E-MTAB-733 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare neuroendocrine neoplasias of neural crest origin. They can be part of several syndromes, and their mRNA profile is dependent on genetic background, but questions related to clinical behavior or even main location remain unanswered. MicroRNAs are key modulators of target genes through translational repression, mRNA degradation, or both, and therefore they could resolve some of these issues. To determine the role microRNAs play in tumorigenesis and progression of PCC/PGL, as well as to identify microRNA biomarkers specifically related to different PCC/PGL genetic classes known so far, we characterized microRNA profiles in a large series of frozen tumors with germline mutations in SDHD, SDHB, VHL, RET, NF1, and TMEM127 genes through microarray analysis. We identified microRNA signatures specific to, as well as common among, the genetic classes of PCC/PGLs, and the best candidate microRNAs (miR-122, miR-126*, miR-129*, miR-133b, miR-137, miR-183, miR-210, miR-382, miR-488, miR-885-5p, and miR-96) were validated in an independent series of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded PCC/PGL samples by qRT-PCR. MicroRNA-137, -96/183, and -143/145 expression in PCC/PGLs correlated inversely with the differentiation status of tumor cells. MicroRNA-210, -382, and -380 could modulate pseudohypoxic cellular response in VHL-deficient PCC/PGL. MicroRNA-193b, -365, and -424 were commonly downregulated among all genetic classes, suggesting their involvement in cell cycle control and differentiation. Herein, we demonstrate that PCC/PGLs have different microRNA profiles according to the underlying primary mutation, suggesting they could be used as specific biomarkers and add information on the etiology of these tumors. For this study, we employed the Agilent-019118 Human miRNA Microarray 2.0 G4470B (with Labeling kit: Agilent miRNA labeling reagent and Hybridization Kit, Cat # 5190-0408) to perform microRNA expression profiling on a large series of 54 fresh-frozen tissue samples, including a total of 48 genetically characterized pheochromocytomas (n=37) and paragangliomas (n=11) (8 SDHB-related tumors, 4 SDHD-related tumors, 14 Ret-related tumors, 12 VHL-related tumors, 4 NF1-related tumors, 3 TMEM127-related tumors, and 3 familial pheochromocytoma (FPCC) samples), and 6 normal adrenal medulla. Normalization of array data was performed applying the robust multiarray average (RMA) method using the AgiMicroRna package in Bioconductor. RMA normalization, by default, merges replicates of each probe and produces an Eset with a single value for each microRNA.
2013-07-02 | E-GEOD-29742 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Increased treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with second-generation anti-androgen therapies (ADT) has coincided with a greater incidence of lethal, aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) tumors that have lost androgen receptor (AR) signaling. AVPC tumors may also express neuroendocrine markers, termed neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Recent evidence suggests kinase signaling may be an important driver of NEPC. To identify targetable kinases in NEPC, we performed global phosphoproteomics comparing AR-negative to AR-positive prostate cancer cell lines and identified multiple altered signaling pathways, including enrichment of RET kinase activity in the AR-negative cell lines. Clinical NEPC and NEPC patient derived xenografts displayed upregulated RET transcript and RET pathway activity. Pharmacologically inhibiting RET kinase in NEPC models dramatically reduced tumor growth and cell viability in mouse and human NEPC models. Our results suggest that targeting RET in NEPC tumors with high RET expression may be a novel treatment option.
2020-05-29 | PXD012971 | Pride
Project description:Increased treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with second-generation anti-androgen therapies (ADT) has coincided with a greater incidence of lethal, aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) tumors that have lost androgen receptor (AR) signaling. AVPC tumors may also express neuroendocrine markers, termed neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Recent evidence suggests kinase signaling may be an important driver of NEPC. To identify targetable kinases in NEPC, we performed global phosphoproteomics comparing AR-negative to AR-positive prostate cancer cell lines and identified multiple altered signaling pathways, including enrichment of RET kinase activity in the AR-negative cell lines. Clinical NEPC and NEPC patient derived xenografts displayed upregulated RET transcript and RET pathway activity. Pharmacologically inhibiting RET kinase in NEPC models dramatically reduced tumor growth and cell viability in mouse and human NEPC models. Our results suggest that targeting RET in NEPC tumors with high RET expression may be a novel treatment option.
2020-05-29 | PXD012970 | Pride
Project description:Germline mutations within the Krebs cycle enzyme genes fumarate hydratase (FH) or succinate dehydrogenase (SDHB, SDHC, SDHD) have been associated with an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These RCCs are characterized by loss of enzyme activity and significantly increased levels of intracellular fumarate or succinate that are predicted to inhibit 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, such as the TET enzymes that regulate DNA methylation. These tumors represent aggressive forms of RCC that can metastasize early and require specific patient management and treatment. Therefore, identifying effective and accurate methods for diagnosing these tumors is very beneficial. This study evaluated and compared the genome-wide methylation profiles of 33 RCCs from patients with RCC susceptibility syndromes, 10 associated normal samples and 13 cell-line models using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip assay. Fifteen tumors derived from patients with germline FH (n=9) or SDHB (n=6) mutations demonstrated a distinct pattern of hypermethylation (R-CIMP) with enrichment for hypermethylation within the CpG island regions. A small, selected panel of probes was characterized that could identify R-CIMP and distinguish between FH and SDHB tumors. Cell-line models derived from HLRCC (n=3) or SDHB (n=1) kidney tumors demonstrated similar patterns of hypermethylation to the tumors, yet re-expression of either wild-type FH or SDHB did not alter the hypermethylation pattern. Treatment of the cell line models with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine resulted in reduced rates of invasion.
2020-10-31 | GSE126441 | GEO
Project description:Transcriptionally active ESR1 fusions promote endocrine therapy (ET)-resistant growth and metastasis of estrogen receptor-alpha positive (ERα+) breast cancer. Currently, there are no targeted treatment options for tumors harboring active fusions because the ESR1 ligand binding domain (LBD) has been replaced with non-drug binding sequences from the 3’ partner gene. A mass spectrometry (MS)-based Kinase Inhibitor Pulldown Assay (KIPA) demonstrated an increase of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases including RET in T47D cells expressing active ESR1 fusions. Integrated proteogenomics defined tumor subsets that could be responsive to RET and CDK4/6 directed therapy from 22 biologically heterogeneous ERα+ patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors. Inhibition of RET by repurposing an FDA-approved drug significantly suppressed ESR1 fusion-driven growth of cell, PDX-derived organoid (PDXO) and PDX models. CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment showed similar tumor reductions to RET inhibition. Here, we reveal therapeutic kinase vulnerabilities in ESR1 fusion-driven tumors, which will lay the framework for future clinical trials.
2023-10-24 | PXD033339 | Pride
Project description:The RET gene has been identified previously as a target of activated ALK at the mRNA level in both human neuroblastoma cell lines and primary tumors as well as in murine tumors driven by mutated Alk and MYCN. Moreover, it has been shown that tumor growth of murine TH-MYCN/KI Alkmut tumors was impaired upon Ret inhibition by the vandetanib inhibitor, suggesting RET as a therapeutic target in ALK mutated neuroblastoma. To further demonstrate the crucial role of RET in ALK mutated driven neuroblastoma oncogenesis, transgenic TH-MYCN mice were bred with KI RetM919T tumors. We document an oncogenic cooperation between activated Ret and MYCN overexpression in neuroblastoma formation. We used microarrays to analyze the global programme of gene expression of MYCN/RetM919T tumors and compare these profiles with profiles of MYCN/Alkmut tumors (GSE46583). Altogether, our data show that MYCN/RetM919T tumors present with expression profiles close to MYCN/Alkmut tumors.
2017-09-15 | GSE72678 | GEO