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Genetic deletion or small molecule inhibition of the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 exhibit anti-tumoral activity in mouse models of MLL-rearranged AML

ABSTRACT: The hematological malignancies classified as Mixed Lineage leukemias (MLL) harbor fusions of the MLL1 gene to partners that are members of transcriptional elongation complexes. MLL-rearranged leukemias are associated with extremely poor prognosis and response to conventional therapies and efforts to identify molecular targets are urgently needed. Using mouse models of MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia (AML), here we show that genetic inactivation or small molecule inhibition of the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 exhibit anti-tumoral activity in MLL-fusion protein driven transformation. Genome wide transcriptional analysis revealed that inhibition of PRMT5 methyltransferase activity overrides the differentiation block in leukemia cells without affecting the expression of MLL-fusion direct oncogenic targets. Furthermore, we find that this differentiation block is mediated by transcriptional silencing of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (CDKN1a) gene in leukemia cells. Our study provides pre-clinical rationale for targeting PRMT5 using small molecule inhibitors in the treatment of leukemias harboring MLL-rearrangements.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE100820 | GEO | 2017/07/13

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA393180

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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RNA-seq analysis of murine KMT2A-MLLT3 with DOT1L overexpressed

Project description:We transduced two individual murine KMT2A-MLLT3 AML samples with DOT1L and three days after sorting for DOT1L+ cells collected for RNA-seq MLL-rearranged leukemias have been previously shown to be dependent on the presence of histone 3 lysine 79 (H3K79) dimethylation on the genomic targets of the fusion, and an inhibitor of the H3K79 methyltransferase DOT1L is in clinical trials for MLL-rearranged leukemia. In order to ask what biologic effects overexpression of DOT1L would have on the H3K79me2 ChIP-Seq profiles and MLL-fusion target gene expression, murine leukemias generated by transplanting MSCV-MLL-AF9-GFP transduced lin- cKit+ Sca1+ bone marrow cells were subjected to overexpression of DOT1L. Cells were sorted into low (low level of DOT1L overexpression), high (high level of DOT1L overexpression) and bulk (entire population) samples, and subjected to H3K79me2 ChIP-Seq (using a drosophila spike in for normalization) and RNA-Seq analysis 3 days after transduction.

2019-07-10 | GSE134035 | GEO

HOXA9 is required for survival in human MLL rearranged acute leukemias

Project description:Leukemias that harbor translocations involving the mixed lineage leukemia gene (MLL) possess unique biological characteristics and often have an unfavorable prognosis. Gene expression analyses demonstrate a distinct profile for MLL-rearranged leukemias with consistent high-level expression of select Homeobox genes including HOXA9. Here, we investigated the effects of HOXA9 suppression in MLL-rearranged and MLL-germline leukemias utilizing RNAi. Gene expression profiling after HOXA9 suppression demonstrated co-downregulation of a program highly expressed in human MLL-AML (this study) and murine MLL-leukemia (Krivtsov et al. 2006) stem cells including HOXA10, MEIS1, PBX3 and MEF2C. Our data indicates an important role for HOXA9 in human MLL-rearranged leukemias, and suggests targeting HOXA9 or downstream programs may be a novel therapeutic option.

2009-01-01 | GSE13714 | GEO

shRNA profiling of human MLL cells reveals HOXA9 is required for survival in human MLL rearranged acute leukemias

2009-01-26 | E-GEOD-13714 | biostudies-arrayexpress

LAMP5-AS1 drives leukemia cell stemness in MLL leukemia

Project description:Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangements trigger aberrant epigenetic modification and gene expression in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, which generates one of the most aggressive subtypes of leukemia with an apex self-renewal. It remains a challenge to directly inhibit rearranged MLL itself because of its multiple fusion partners and the poorly annotated downstream genes of MLL fusion proteins; therefore, novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. We discovered that a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LAMP5-AS1 can promote higher degrees of H3K79 methylation, followed by upregulated expression of the self-renewal genes in the HOXA cluster, which are responsible for leukemia stemness in context of MLL rearrangements. Mechanistically, LAMP5-AS1 facilitated the methyltransferase activity of DOT1L by directly binding its Lys-rich region of catalytic domain, thus promoting the global patterns of H3K79 dimethylation and trimethylation in cells. These observations supported that LAMP5-AS1 upregulated H3K79me2/me3 and the transcription of DOT1L ectopic target genes. This is the first study that a lncRNA regulates the self-renewal program and differentiation block in MLL leukemia cells by facilitating the methyltransferase activity of DOT1L and global H3K79 methylation, showing its potential as a therapeutic target for MLL leukemia.

2021-08-01 | GSE150483 | GEO

Cell of origin determines clinically relevant subtypes of MLL-rearranged AML

Project description:MLL-fusion proteins can induce acute myeloid leukemias (AML) from either hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) or granulocyte macrophage progenitors (GMP), but it remains unclear if the cell of origin influences the biology of the resultant leukemia. MLL-AF9 transduced single HSC or GMP could be continuously replated, but HSC-derived clones were more likely than GMP-derived clones to initiate AML in mice. Leukemia stem cells derived from either HSC or GMP had a similar immunophenotype consistent with a maturing myeloid cell (LGMP). Gene expression analyses demonstrated that LGMP inherited gene expression programs from the cell of origin including high-level Evi-1 expression in HSC derived LGMP. The gene expression signature of LGMP derived from HSC was enriched in poor prognosis human MLL-rearranged AML in three independent data sets. Moreover, global 5’-mC levels were elevated in HSC-derived leukemias as compared to GMP-derived leukemias. This mirrored a difference seen in 5-mC between MLL-rearranged human leukemias that are either EVI1-positive or EVI1-negative. Finally, HSC derived leukemias were more resistant to chemotherapy than GMP-derived leukemias. These data demonstrate that the cell of origin influences the gene expression profile, the epigenetic state, and the drug response in AML, and that these differences can account for clinical heterogeneity within a molecularly defined group of leukemias. Differential DNA methylation between of LSC isolated from murine HSC and GMP derived AMLs

2013-01-09 | E-GEOD-43333 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Non-toxic direct targeted therapy for MLL-fusion driven leukemias

Project description:Improving the poor prognosis of infant leukemias remains an unmet clinical need. This disease is a prototypical fusion oncoprotein-driven pediatric cancer, with MLL (KMT2A)-fusions present in most cases. Direct targeting of these driving oncoproteins represents a unique therapeutic opportunity. This rationale led us to initiate a drug screening with the aim of discovering drugs that can block MLL-fusion oncoproteins. A screen for inhibition of MLL-fusion proteins was developed that overcomes the traditional limitations of targeting transcription factors. This luciferase reporter-based screen, together with a secondary western blot screen, was used to prioritize compounds. We characterized the lead compound, Disulfiram, based on its efficient ablation of MLL fusion proteins. The consequences of drug-induced MLL-fusion inhibition was confirmed by cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis assays, RT-qPCR, in vivo assays, RNA-seq and CHIP-qPCR and CHIP-seq analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided. Drug-induced inhibition of MLL-fusion proteins by Disulfiram resulted in a specific block of colony formation in MLL-rearranged cells in vitro, induced differentiation and impeded leukemia progression in vivo. Mechanistically, Disulfiram abrogates MLL-fusion protein binding to DNA, resulting in epigenetic changes and down-regulation of leukemic programs setup by the MLL-fusion protein. Disulfiram can directly inhibit MLL-fusion proteins and demonstrates antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence for a therapy that directly target the initiating oncogenic MLL-fusion protein.

2022-08-01 | GSE203203 | GEO

MBNL1 regulates essential alternative RNA splicing patterns in MLL-rearranged leukemia

Project description:In this study, we identify MBNL1 as a unique molecular vulnerability across MLL-rearranged leukemias. Through transcriptomic profiling and novel splicing analyses of MLL-rearranged leukemia cell lines following shRNA knockdown of MBNL1, we show that MBNL1 regulates alternative splicing (predominantly intron retention) of genes essential to MLL-rearranged leukemogenesis, such as DOT1L and SETD1A.

2020-03-25 | GSE123441 | GEO

Genes regulated by Meis1 in murine Mll-AF9 leukemia cells

Project description:Leukemias with MLL-rearrangements are characterized by high expression of the homeo box gene MEIS1. In these studies, we knocked down Meis1 expression by shRNA lentivirus transduction in murine Mll-AF9 leukemia cells. Meis1 knockdown resulted in decreased proliferation and survival of murine Mll-AF9 leukemia cells. We also observed reduced clonogenic capacity and increased monocytic differentiation. The establishment of leukemia in transplant recipients was significantly delayed by Meis1 knockdown. Gene expression profiling of cells transduced with Meis1 shRNA showed reduced expression of genes associated with cell cycle entry and progression. shRNA mediated knockdown of MEIS1 in human MLL-fusion gene leukemia cell lines resulted in reduced cell growth. These results show that MEIS1 expression is important for MLL-rearranged leukemias and suggest that MEIS1 promotes cell cycle entry. Targeting MEIS1 may have therapeutic potential for treating leukemias expressing this transcription factor. Keywords: Gene expression

2008-12-23 | GSE14101 | GEO

The histone H2B ubiquitin ligase RNF20 is required for MLL-rearranged leukemia

Project description:MLL-fusions are potent oncogenes that initiate aggressive forms of acute leukemia. As aberrant transcriptional regulators, MLL-fusion proteins alter gene expression in hematopoietic cells through interactions with the histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase DOT1L. Notably, interference with MLL-fusion cofactors like DOT1L is an emerging therapeutic strategy in this disease. Here we identify the histone H2B E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF20 as an additional requirement for MLL-fusion-mediated leukemogenesis. Suppressing the expression of Rnf20 in diverse models of MLL-rearranged leukemia leads to inhibition of cell proliferation; under tissue culture conditions as well as in vivo. Rnf20 knockdown leads to reduced expression of MLL-fusion target genes, including Hoxa9 and Meis1; effects that resemble Dot1l-inhibition. Using ChIP-seq, we found that H2B ubiquitination (H2Bub) is enriched in the body of MLL-fusion target genes, correlating with sites of H3K79 methylation and transcription elongation. Furthermore, we found that Rnf20 is required to maintain local levels of H3K79 di-methylation by Dot1l at Hoxa9 and Meis1. These findings support a model whereby co-transcriptional recruitment of Rnf20 at MLL-fusion target genes leads to amplification of Dot1l-mediated H3K79 methylation, thereby rendering leukemia cells dependent on Rnf20 to maintain their oncogenic transcriptional program. Examination of gene expression profiles upon RNF20 RNAi in MLL-AF9 acute myeloid leukemia cells

2013-02-19 | E-GEOD-43725 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Zinc finger protein 521 overexpression is a feature of MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia and contributes to the maintenance of myeloid differentiation block

Project description:ZNF521 is a multiple zinc finger transcription factor previously identified because abundantly and selectively expressed in normal CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. From microarray datasets, aberrant expression of ZNF521 has been reported in both pediatric and adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with MLL gene rearrangements. However, a proper validation of microarray data is lacking, likewise ZNF521 contribution in MLL-rearranged AML is still uncertain. In this study, we show that ZNF521 is significantly upregulated in MLL translocated AML patients from a large pediatric cohort, regardless of the type of MLL translocations such as MLL-AF9, MLL-ENL, MLL-AF10 and MLL-AF6 fusion genes. Our in vitro functional studies demonstrate that ZNF521 play a critical role in the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of MLL-rearranged cells. Furthermore, analysis of the ZNF521 gene promoter region shows that ZNF521 is a direct downstream target of both MLL-AF9 and MLL-ENL fusion proteins. Gene expression profiling of MLL-AF9-rearranged THP-1 cells after depletion of ZNF521 reveals correlation with several expression signatures including stem cell-like and MLL fusion dependent programs. These data suggest that MLL fusion proteins activate ZNF521 expression to maintain the undifferentiated state and contribute to leukemogenesis. ZNF521 is required to block differentiation in MLL-rearranged AML cells

2017-03-31 | GSE79110 | GEO

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