Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

CG-dinucleotide suppression enables antiviral defense targeting non-self RNA

ABSTRACT: Vertebrate genomes exhibit marked CG-suppression, that is lower than expected numbers of 5’-CG-3’ dinucleotides1. This feature is likely due to C-to-T mutations that have accumulated over hundreds of millions of years, driven by CG-specific DNA methyl transferases and spontaneous methyl-cytosine deamination. Remarkably, many RNA viruses of vertebrates that are not substrates for DNA methyl transferases mimic the CG-suppression of their hosts2-4. This striking property of viral genomes is unexplained4-6. In a synonymous mutagenesis experiment, we found that CG-suppression is essential for HIV-1 replication. The deleterious effect of CG dinucleotides on HIV-1 replication was cumulative, evident as cytoplasmic RNA depletion, and exerted by CG dinucleotides in both translated and non-translated exonic RNA sequences. A focused siRNA screen revealed that zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP)7 inhibited virion production by cells infected with CG-enriched HIV-1. Crucially, HIV-1 mutants containing segments whose CG-content mimicked random sequence were defective in unmanipulated cells, but replicated normally in ZAP-deficient cells. Crosslinking-immunoprecipitation-sequencing assays demonstrated that ZAP binds directly and selectively to RNA sequences containing CG dinucleotides. These findings suggest that ZAP exploits host CG-suppression to discriminate non-self RNA. The dinucleotide composition of HIV-1, and perhaps other RNA viruses, appears to have adapted to evade this host defense.

ORGANISM(S): Human immunodeficiency virus 1

PROVIDER: GSE102843 | GEO | 2017/08/22

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA399117

REPOSITORIES: GEO

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

The zinc finger antiviral protein ZAP destabilises viral transcripts and restricts human cytomegalovirus

Project description:Interferon-stimulated gene products (ISGs) play a crucial role in early infection control. The ISG zinc finger CCCH-type antiviral protein 1 (ZAP/ZC3HAV1) antagonises several RNA viruses by binding to CG-rich RNA sequences, whereas its effect on DNA viruses is largely unknown. Here, we decipher the role of ZAP in the context of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, a β-herpesvirus that is associated with high morbidity in immunosuppressed individuals and newborns. We show that expression of the two major isoforms of ZAP, the long (ZAP-L) and short (ZAP-S), is induced during HCMV infection and that both negatively affect HCMV replication. Transcriptome and proteome analyses demonstrated that the expression of ZAP decelerates the progression of HCMV infection. SLAM-sequencing revealed that ZAP restricts HCMV at early stages of infection by destabilising a distinct subset of viral transcripts with low CG content. In summary, this report provides evidence of an important antiviral role for ZAP in host defense against HCMV infection and highlights its differentiated function during DNA virus infection.

2021-04-22 | PXD023559 | Pride

Structure of a zinc-finger antiviral protein in complex with RNA reveals mechanism for selective targeting of CG-rich viral sequences

Project description:Infection of animal cells by many viruses is detected and countered by a variety of means, including recognition of non-self nucleic acids. The zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) depletes cytoplasmic RNA that is recognized as foreign in mammalian cells by virtue of its elevated CG dinucleotide content compared to endogenous mRNAs. Here, we determined a crystal structure of a protein-RNA complex containing the N-terminal, four-zinc finger human (h) ZAP RNA binding domain (RBD), and a CG dinucleotide-containing RNA target. The structure reveals in molecular detail how hZAP is able to bind selectively to CG-rich RNA. Specifically, the four zinc fingers create a basic patch on the hZAP RBD surface. The highly basic second zinc finger contains a pocket that selectively accommodates CG dinucleotide bases. Structure guided mutagenesis, crosslinking-immunoprecipitation-sequencing assays, and RNA affinity assays show that the structurally defined CG-binding pocket is not required for RNA binding per se in human cells. However, the pocket is a crucial determinant of high affinity specific binding to CG-dinucleotide-containing RNA. Moreover, variations in the RNA binding specificity a panel of CG-binding pocket mutants quantitatively predict their selective antiviral activity against a CG-enriched HIV-1 strain. Overall, the hZAP RBD:RNA structure provides an atomic-level explanation for how ZAP selectively targets foreign, CG-rich RNA.

2019-11-01 | GSE139667 | GEO

RNA features governing zinc finger antiviral protein sensitivity enable attenuated virus design

Project description:Synonymous recoding of viral genome can attenuate their replication, but can have pleiotropic effects, with multiple mechanisms contributing to attenuation. We set out to design recoded viral genomes whose attenuation was specific and conditional. The zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) recognizes CpG dinucleotides and targets CpG-rich RNAs for depletion, but RNA features such as CpG numbers, spacing and surrounding nucleotide composition that enable specific modulation by ZAP are undescribed. Using synonymously mutated HIV-1 genomes, we define several sequence features that govern ZAP sensitivity and stable attenuation. Using features defined using HIV-1, we then designed a mutant enterovirus A71 genome whose attenuation was also stable and strictly ZAP-dependent, both in cell culture and in mice. This conditionally attenuated enterovirus A71 elicited neutralizing antibodies that were protective against wild-type enterovirus 71 infection and disease. Elucidation of the determinants of ZAP sensitivity can thus enable the rational design of conditionally attenuated viral vaccines.

2022-07-26 | GSE208611 | GEO

HIV-CRISPR screen of HIV-1 CA-P90A and CA-N74D mutant viruses with the PIKAHIV library

Project description:Illumina sequencing data used in HIV-CRISPR screen with an ISG-specific sgRNA library (PIKAHIV) to find genes that block infection by the N74D and P90A HIV-1 capsid mutant viruses in THP-1 monocytic cells. For more information on the library and approach see Ohainle et al. eLife 2018 (PMID: 30520725). All screens performed here were done in a clonal ZAP-KO cell line (ZAP may inhibit the HIV-CRISPR vector used in the screen). Here we screen the Cyclophilin A-binding deficient mutant P90A and the CPSF6-binding deficient mutant N74D together with a wild type HIV-1 virus. The N74D screen was performed both with IFN treatment and without. These two HIV-1 capsid mutant viruses are hypersensitive to the effects of IFN.

2019-11-16 | GSE140467 | GEO

A Virus-Packageable CRISPR System Identifies Host Dependency Factors Co-opted by Multiple HIV-1 Strains

Project description:The goal of this CRISPR-based screen (HIV-CRISPR) is to identify HIV-1 dependency factors by evaluating multiple pathways simultaneously. Here are Illumina sequencing data and counts files from HIV-CRISPR screens using a guide RNA library targeting the whole genome (TKOv3), a custom guide RNA library targeting human epigenome genes (HuEpi), a custom guide RNA library targeting interferon-stimulated genes (PIKA), and a custom guide RNA library of genes containing of a subset of each of the aforementioned libraries designed to target human dependency factors (HIVDEP). The HIV-CRISPR screens described here were performed in clonal ZAP knockout Jurkat cell lines as ZAP inhibition of the HIV-CRISPR vector has been previously described (PMID: 30520725).

2023-01-26 | GSE223326 | GEO

A modular CRISPR screen identifies individual and combination pathways contributing to HIV-1 latency

Project description:The goal of this CRISPR-based screen (Latency HIV-CRISPR) is to identify HIV-1 latency factors by evaluating multiple pathways simultaneously. Here are Illumina sequencing data and counts files from a Latency HIV-CRISPR screen using a custom guide RNA library targeting human epigenome genes (HuEpi). The Latency HIV-CRISPR screens described here were performed in clonal ZAP knockout J-Lat 10.6 (PMID: 12682019) or J-Lat 5A8 (PMID: 24204950) cells lines as ZAP inhibition of the HIV-CRISPR vector has been previously described (PMID: 30520725). The screens were performed in the presence or absence of AZD5582, a SMAC mimetic and latency reversal agent, in order to identify factors that are dependent and independent of this transcriptional activator.

2022-12-21 | GSE213995 | GEO

Differential Gene Expression in PARP13 Knockdown

Project description:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-13 (PARP13/ZAP/ZC3HAV1) is an antiviral factor, active against specific RNA viruses such as MLV, SINV and HIV. During infection PARP13 binds viral RNA via its 4 CCCH-type zinc finger domains and targets it for degradation by recruiting cellular mRNA decay factors such as the exosome complex and XRN1. Here we show that PARP13 binds to and regulates cellular mRNA under physiological conditions. Knock-down of PARP13 via RNAi results in the misregulation of hundreds of transcripts with an enrichment in signal peptide containing proteins. Among the most upregulated transcripts is TRILR4

2014-11-13 | GSE56667 | GEO

Dnmt1-Independent CG Methylation Contributes to Nucleosome Positioning in Diverse Eukaryotes

Project description:Dnmt1 epigenetically propagates symmetrical CG methylation in many eukaryotes. Their genomes are typically depleted of CG dinucleotides because of imperfect repair of deaminated methylcytosines. Here, we extensively survey diverse species lacking Dnmt1 and show that, surprisingly, symmetrical CG methylation is nonetheless frequently present and catalyzed by a different DNA methyltransferase family, Dnmt5. Numerous Dnmt5-containing organisms that diverged more than a billion years ago exhibit clustered methylation, specifically in nucleosome linkers. Clustered methylation occurs at unprecedented densities and directly disfavors nucleosomes, contributing to nucleosome positioning between clusters. Dense methylation is enabled by a regime of genomic sequence evolution that enriches CG dinucleotides and drives the highest CG frequencies known. Species with linker methylation have small, transcriptionally active nuclei that approach the physical limits of chromatin compaction. These features constitute a previously unappreciated genome architecture, in which dense methylation influences nucleosome positions, likely facilitating nuclear processes under extreme spatial constraints. DNA methylation, RNA and nucleosome sequencing data for diverse eukaryotes

2014-03-13 | E-GEOD-46692 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The short isoform of the host antiviral protein ZAP acts as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 programmed ribosomal frameshifting

Project description:Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is a fundamental gene expression event in many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. It allows production of essential viral structural and replicative enzymes that are encoded in an alternative reading frame. Despite the importance of PRF for the viral life cycle, it is still largely unknown how and to what extent cellular factors alter mechanical properties of frameshift elements and thereby impact virulence. This prompted us to comprehensively dissect the interplay between the SARS-CoV-2 frameshift element and the host proteome. We reveal that the short isoform of the zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP-S) is a direct regulator of PRF in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. ZAP-S overexpression strongly impairs frameshifting and inhibits viral replication. Using in vitro ensemble and single-molecule techniques, we further demonstrate that ZAP-S directly interacts with the SARS-CoV-2 RNA and interferes with the folding of the frameshift RNA element. Together, these data identify ZAP-S as a host-encoded inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting and expand our understanding of RNA-based gene regulation.

2021-11-25 | PXD029656 | Pride

A Virus-Packageable CRISPR Screen Identifies Host Factors Mediating Interferon Inhibition of HIV

Project description:Interferon (IFN) inhibits HIV replication by inducing an array of antiviral effectors. Here we describe a novel CRISPR knockout screening approach to identify the ensemble of these HIV restriction factors. We assembled a CRISPR sgRNA library specific for Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) into a modified lentiviral vector that allows for packaging of sgRNA-encoding genomes in trans into budding HIV-1 particles. We observed that knockout of Zinc Antiviral Protein (ZAP) improved the performance of the screen due to ZAP-mediated inhibition of the vector. We identify a small panel of IFN-induced HIV restriction factors, including MxB, IFITM1, Tetherin/BST2 and TRIM5 which together explain the inhibitory effects of IFN on the HIV-1 LAI strain in THP-1 cells. Further, we identify novel HIV dependency factors, including SEC62 and TLR2. The ability of IFN-induced restriction factors to inhibit an HIV strain to replicate in human cells suggests that these human restriction factors are incompletely antagonized.

2018-08-17 | GSE118631 | GEO

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data