Epigenomic alterations are associated with mucosal microbiota and inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE103027 | GEO | 2020/01/29
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Mucosal host DNA methylation was associated with the presence of inflammation suggesting epigenetic changes in response to the microbiota. Hierarchical clustering of the microbiota indicated ten subgroups, whereas some were driven by certain Enterbacteriacae and Bacteroides keystone species, and which were associated with host genotype and DNA methylation profiles, but with little influence from the habitual diet.
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Project description:Habitual exercise modulates the composition of the intestinal microbiota. We examined whether transplanting fecal microbiota from trained mice improved skeletal muscle metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice. The recipient mice that received fecal samples from trained donor mice for 1 week showed elevated levels of metabolic signalings in skeletal muscle. Glucose tolerance was improved by fecal microbiota transplantation after 8 weeks of HFD administration. Intestinal microbiota may mediate exercise-induced metabolic improvement in mice. We performed a microarray analysis to compare the metabolic gene expression profiles in the skeletal muscle from each mouse.
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Project description:Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are believed to be driven by dysregulated interactions between the host and the gut microbiota. Our goal is to characterize the relationships between mucosal T cells, the host tissue environment and microbial communities in IBD patients to identify new therapeutic targets. We identified 26 predictors from our combined data set that were effective in distinguishing between regions of the intestine undergoing active inflammation and regions that were normal. Network analysis on these 26 predictors revealed SAA1 as the most connected node linking the abundance of the genus Bacteroides with the production of IL17 and IL22 by CD4+ T cells. The SAA1-linked microbial and transcriptome interactions were further validated with data from the pediatric IBD RISK cohort. This study identifies expression of SAA1 as an important link between mucosal T cells, microbial communities and their tissue environment in IBD patients. A combination of FACS, gene expression and microbial profiling can distinguish between intestinal inflammatory states in IBD regardless of disease types.
2017-11-11 | GSE96665 | GEO
Project description:Gut microbiota participates in diverse metabolic and homeostatic functions related to health and well-being. Individual variation in its composition depends on many factors including dietary factors. We profiled enzymatic activity of fecal microbiota in 63 healthy adult individuals using metaproteomics, and identified Bacteroides and Prevotella –derived microbial CAZy (carbohydrate-active) enzymes involved in glycan foraging. One particular profile with many Bacteroides-derived CAZy was identified in one-third of subjects (n=20), and it associated with high abundancy of Bacteroides in most subjects. In other subjects (n=8) with dietary parameters similar to former, microbiota showed intense expression of Prevotella-derived CAZy including exo−beta−(1,4)−xylanase, xylan-1,4−beta−xylosidase, alpha−L−arabinofuranosidase and several other CAZy belonging to glycosyl hydrolase families involved in digestion of complex plant-derived polysaccharides. This associated invariably with robust representation of Prevotella in gut microbiota, while subjects with intermediate representation of Prevotella showed no CAZy profile. Identification of Bacteroides- and Prevotella-derived CAZy in microbiota proteome and their association with robust differences in microbiota composition, the latter with exceptionally high Prevotella abundancy in the gut, are in evidence of individual variation in metabolic adaptation of gut microbiota with an impact on colonizing competence.
2021-06-30 | PXD017059 | Pride
Project description:Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was grown and transcriptionally profiled on a number of different host mucosal glycans and their component mono- and disaccharides.
2008-11-21 | GSE11962 | GEO
Project description:Human saliva microbiota is phylogenetically divergent among host individuals yet their roles in health and disease are poorly appreciated. We employed a microbial functional gene microarray, HuMiChip 1.0, to reconstruct the global functional profiles of human saliva microbiota from ten healthy and ten caries-active adults. Saliva microbiota in the pilot population featured a vast diversity of functional genes. No significant distinction in gene number or diversity indices was observed between healthy and caries-active microbiota. However, co-presence network analysis of functional genes revealed that caries-active microbiota was more divergent in non-core genes than healthy microbiota, despite both groups exhibited a similar degree of conservation at their respective core genes. Furthermore, functional gene structure of saliva microbiota could potentially distinguish caries-active patients from healthy hosts. Microbial functions such as Diaminopimelate epimerase, Prephenate dehydrogenase, Pyruvate-formate lyase and N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase were significantly linked to caries. Therefore, saliva microbiota carried disease-associated functional signatures, which could be potentially exploited for caries diagnosis. The DMFT INDEX (Decayed, Missing, Filled [DMF] teeth index used in dental epidemiology) values are provided for each sample We employed a microbial functional gene microarray, HuMiChip 1.0, to reconstruct the global functional profiles of human saliva microbiota from ten healthy and ten caries-active adults.
2013-08-15 | E-GEOD-49875 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background and aims. The etiopathology of inflammatory bowel diseases is still poorly understood. To date, only few little data are available on the microbiota composition in ulcerative colitis (UC), representing a major subform of inflammatory bowel diseases. Currently, one of the main challenges is to unravel the interactions between genetics and environmental factors in the onset or during the progression and maintenance of the disease. The aim of the present study was to analyse twin pairs discordant for UC for both gut microbiota dysbiosis and host expression profiles at a mucosal level and to get insight into the functional genomic crosstalk between microbiota and mucosal epithelium in vivo. Methods. Biopsies were sampled from the sigmoid colon of both healthy and diseased siblings from UC discordant twin pairs but also from healthy twins. Microbiota profiles were assessed by 16S rDNA libraries while mRNA expression profiles were analysed from the same volunteers using Affymetrix microarrays. Results. UC patients showed a dysbiotic microbiota with lower diversity and more species belonging to Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla. On the contrary, their healthy siblingsM-bM-^@M-^Y microbiota contained more bacteria from the Lachnospiracea and Ruminococcaceae family than did healthy individuals . Sixty-three host transcripts significantly correlated with bacterial genera in healthy individuals whereas only 43 and 32 correlated with bacteria in healthy and UC siblings from discordant pairs, respectively. Several transcripts related to oxidative and immune responses were differentially expressed between unaffected and UC siblings. Conclusion. A loss of crosstalk between gut microbiota and host was highlighted in UC patients. This defect was also striking in healthy siblings from discordant pairs, as was the lower biodiversity within the microbiota. Our results suggest disease-relevant interactions between host transcriptome and microbiota. Moreover, unusual aerobic bacteria were noticed in UC mucosal microbiota, whereas healthy siblings from discordant pairs had higher percentages of potentially beneficialusual commensal bacterial species. Paired samples (twins) were analyzed to obtain data independent of genetic variation
2012-01-18 | E-GEOD-22619 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Acquisition of the intestinal microbiota begins at birth, and a stable microbial community develops from a succession of key organisms. Disruption of the microbiota during maturation by low-dose antibiotic exposure can alter host metabolism and adiposity. We now show that low-dose penicillin (LDP), delivered from birth, induces metabolic alterations and affects ileal expression of genes involved in immunity. LDP that is limited to early life transiently perturbs the microbiota, which is sufficient to induce sustained effects on body composition, indicating that microbiota interactions in infancy may be critical determinants of long-term host metabolic effects. In addition, LDP enhances the effect of high-fat diet induced obesity. The growth promotion phenotype is transferrable to germ-free hosts by LDP-selected microbiota, showing that the altered microbiota, not antibiotics per se, play a causal role. These studies characterize important variables in early-life microbe-host metabolic interaction and identify several taxa consistently linked with metabolic alterations. Refer to individual Series
2014-09-01 | E-GEOD-58087 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The gut microbiota plays an important role in host health. Microbiota dysbiosis has been implicated in the global epidemic of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and could impair host metabolism by noxious metabolites. It has been well established that the gut microbiota is shaped by host immune factors. However, the effect of T cells on the gut microbiota is yet unknown. Here, we performed a metagenomic whole-genome shotgun sequencing (mWGS) study of the microbiota of TCRb-/- mice, which lack alpha/beta T cells.
2024-05-06 | GSE262397 | GEO
Project description:Glycans, the major source of energy for the human gut microbiota (HGM), are metabolised by numerous members of the Bacteroides genus. Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are a ubiquitous and highly heterogenous group of plant glycans in which a B1,3-galactan backbone and B1,6-galactan side chains are conserved features. Diversity is provided by the extensive and highly variable nature of the sugars that decorate both the backbone and side chain galactans. The mechanisms by which nutritionally relevant AGPs are degraded at a cellular and biochemical level are poorly understood, as is the impact of this process on the ecology of the HGM. Here we have explored how the HGM organism Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron metabolises simple and highly complex AGPs. We propose a sequential degradative model in which a repertoire of exo-acting family GH43 B1,3-galactanases releases backbone galactose units that are attached to the side chains. The oligosaccharide side chains are depolymerized by the synergistic action of exo-acting enzymes in which catalytic interactions are dependent on whether degradation is initiated by a lyase or glycoside hydrolase. We identified an a-L-arabinofuranosidase and B-D-glucuronidase that are the founders of two previously undiscovered glycoside hydrolase families. The crystal structures of the backbone exo-B1,3-galactanases identified a key specificity determinant and reveals significant departure from the canonical catalytic apparatus of other family GH43 enzymes. Growth studies of 20 HGM Bacteroidetes species on a complex AGP revealed three keystone organisms that facilitated utilisation of fragments of the glycan by the 17 other bacteria, which thus acted as recipients. The ability to function as a keystone organism was conferred by a surface endo-B1,3-galactanase, which, when engineered into a recipient enabled this bacterium to utilise complex AGPs and facilitate the growth of the other Bacteroidetes species. This study underpins future pre- and probiotic strategies to exploit AGPs to manipulate the function of the HGM.
2018-07-03 | PXD010274 | Pride