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Dbf4 recruitment by forkhead transcription factors defines an upstream rate-limiting step in determining replication origin firing

ABSTRACT: Initiation of eukaryotic chromosome replication follows a spatiotemporal program. Current model suggests that replication origins compete for a limited pool of initiation factors. However, it remains to be answered how these limiting factors are preferentially recruited to early origins. Here, we report that Dbf4 is enriched at early origins through its interaction with forkhead transcription factors Fkh1 and Fkh2. This interaction is mediated by Dbf4 C-terminus and was successfully reconstituted in vitro. An interaction defective mutant dbf4ΔC phenocopies fkh alleles in terms of origin firing. Remarkably, genome-wide replication profiles reveal that the direct fusion of the DNA-binding domain of Fkh1 to Dbf4 restores the Fkh-dependent origin firing, but specifically interferes with the pericentromeric origin activation. Furthermore, Dbf4 directly interacts with Sld3 and promotes the recruitment of downstream limiting factors. These data suggest that Fkh1 targets Dbf4 to a subset of non-centromeric origins to promote early replication, in a manner that is reminiscent to the recruitment of Dbf4 to pericentromeric origins by Ctf19.

ORGANISM(S): Saccharomyces cerevisiae

PROVIDER: GSE103073 | GEO | 2018/01/19

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Dbf4 Zn-finger motif is specifically required for stimulation of Ctf19-activated origins in S. cerevisiae

Project description:Eukaryotic genomes are replicated in spatiotemporal patterns that are stereotypical for individual genomes and developmental profiles. In the model system S. cerevisiae, two primary mechanisms determine the preferential activation of replication origins during early S phase, thereby largely defining the consequent replication profiles of these cells. Both mechanisms are thought to act through specific recruitment of a rate-limiting initiation factor, Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK), to a subset of licensed replication origins. Fkh1/2 is responsible for stimulation of most early-firing origins, except for centromere (CEN)-proximal origins that recruit DDK via the kinetochore protein Ctf19, which is required for their early-firing. The C-terminus of Dbf4 has been implicated in its recruitment to origins via both the Fkh1/2 and Ctf19 mechanisms. Here, we show that the Zn-finger motif within the C-terminus is specifically required for Dbf4 recruitment to CENs to stimulate CEN-proximal/Ctf19-dependent origins, whereas stimulation of origins via the Fkh1/2 pathway remains largely intact. These findings re-open the question of exactly how Fkh1/2 and DDK act together to stimulate replication origin initiation.

2022-11-10 | GSE215190 | GEO

Quantitative BrdU immunoprecipitation method demonstrates that Fkh1 and Fkh2 are rate-limiting activators of replication origins that reprogram replication timing in G1 phase (BrdU)

Project description:The S. cerevisiae Forkhead Box (FOX) proteins, Fkh1 and Fkh2, regulate diverse cellular processes including transcription, long-range DNA interactions during homologous recombination, and replication origin timing and long-range origin clustering. As stimulators of early origin activation, we hypothesized that Fkh1 and Fkh2 abundance limits the rate of origin activation genome-wide. Existing methods, however, were not well suited to quantitative, genome-wide measurements of origin firing between strains and conditions. To overcome this limitation, we developed qBrdU-seq, a quantitative method for BrdU incorporation analysis of replication dynamics, and applied it to show that overexpression of Fkh1 and Fkh2 advance the initiation timing of many origins throughout the genome resulting in a higher total level of origin initiations in early S phase. The higher initiation rate is accompanied by slower replication fork progression, thereby maintaining a normal length of S phase without causing detectable Rad53 checkpoint kinase activation. The advancement of origin firing time, including that of origins in heterochromatic domains, was established in late G1 phase, indicating that origin timing can be reset subsequently to origin licensing. These results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of origin timing regulation by identifying Fkh1 and Fkh2 as rate-limiting factors for origin firing that determine the ability of replication origins to accrue limiting factors and have the potential to reprogram replication timing late in G1 phase. 5 total experiments with replicates

2015-12-18 | E-GEOD-71050 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Forkhead transcription factors establish origin timing and long-range clustering in S. cerevisiae [Array Data]

Project description:The replication of eukaryotic chromosomes is organized temporally and spatially within the nucleus through epigenetic regulation of replication origin function. The characteristic initiation timing of specific origins is thought to reflect their chromatin environment or sub-nuclear positioning, however the mechanism remains obscure. Here we show that the yeast Forkhead transcription factors, Fkh1 and Fkh2, are global determinants of replication origin timing. Forkhead regulation of origin timing is independent of local levels or changes of transcription. Instead, we show that Fkh1 and Fkh2 are required for the clustering of early origins and their association with the key initiation factor Cdc45 in G1-phase, suggesting that Fkh1 and Fkh2 selectively recruit origins to emergent replication factories. Fkh1 and Fkh2 bind Fkh-activated origins, and interact physically with ORC, providing a plausible mechanism to cluster origins. These findings add a new dimension to our understanding of the epigenetic basis for differential origin regulation and its connection to chromosomal domain organization.

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Forkhead transcription factors establish origin timing and long-range clustering in S. cerevisiae [Sequence Data]

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Quantitative BrdU immunoprecipitation method demonstrates that Fkh1 and Fkh2 are rate-limiting activators of replication origins that reprogram replication timing in G1 phase (ChIP)

2015-12-18 | GSE71051 | GEO

Quantitative BrdU immunoprecipitation method demonstrates that Fkh1 and Fkh2 are rate-limiting activators of replication origins that reprogram replication timing in G1 phase (BrdU)

2015-12-18 | GSE71050 | GEO

Forkhead transcription factors establish origin timing and long-range clustering in S. cerevisiae [Sequence Data]

2012-01-20 | E-GEOD-33677 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Quantitative, genome-wide analysis of eukaryotic replication initiation and termination

Project description:Via the deep-sequencing of Okazaki fragments from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we report the first comprehensive documentation of genome-wide replication directionality in any eukaryote; this permits the systematic analysis of both replication initiation and termination. We conduct a genome-wide analysis of origin competence and efficiency, and conclude that the majority of origins are competent to fire in each cell cycle and generally do so with high efficiency. Additionally, the spatial resolution of our data allow us to determine that leading-strand initiation generally occurs within the nucleosome-free region at origins. Using a strain in which late origins can be induced to fire early, we show that replication termination is a largely passive phenomenon that does not rely on cis-acting sequences or replication fork pausing and that the replication profile is determined largely by the kinetics of origin firing, allowing us to reconstruct chromosome-wide timing profiles from an asynchronous culture. 5 samples are included. Two are replicate, paired-end, wild-type samples sequenced via Illumina methodology. The raw data for these two are also deposited in the GEO repository under accession numbers GSM835650 and GSM835651. Two replicate, single-end, Sld2, Sld3, Dbf4, Dpb11, Cdc45 and Sld7 (SSDDCS) overexpression via galactose induction experiments are reported sequenced via Ion Torrent methodology. One single-end, Sld2, Sld3, Dbf4, Dpb11, Cdc45 and Sld7 (SSDDCS) normal expression control via glucose media experiment is reported sequenced via Ion Torrent methodology.

2013-02-28 | E-GEOD-40696 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Conserved forkhead dimerization motif controls DNA replication timing and spatial organization of chromosomes in S. cerevisiae (HTS)

Project description:Forkhead Box (Fox) proteins share the Forkhead domain, a winged-helix DNA binding module, which is conserved among eukaryotes from yeast to humans. These sequence-specific DNA binding proteins have been primarily characterized as transcription factors regulating diverse cellular processes from cell cycle control to developmental fate, deregulation of which contributes to developmental defects, cancer, and aging. We recently identified S. cerevisiae Fkh1 and Fkh2 as required for the clustering of a subset of replication origins in G1 phase and for the early initiation of these origins in the ensuing S phase, suggesting a mechanistic role linking the spatial organization of the origins and their activity. Here we show that Fkh1 and Fkh2 share a unique structural feature of human FoxP proteins that enables FoxP2 and FoxP3 to form domain-swapped dimers capable of bridging two DNA molecules in vitro. Accordingly, Fkh1 self-associates in vitro and in vivo in a manner dependent on the conserved domain-swapping region, strongly suggestive of homo-dimer formation. Fkh1- and Fkh2-domain-swap-minus (dsm) mutations are functional as transcription factors yet are defective in replication origin timing control. Fkh1-dsm binds replication origins in vivo but fails to cluster them, supporting the conclusion that Fkh1 and Fkh2 dimers perform a structural role in the spatial organization of chromosomal elements with functional importance.

2017-03-09 | GSE94795 | GEO

Conserved forkhead dimerization motif controls DNA replication timing and spatial organization of chromosomes in S. cerevisiae (ChIP-chip)

2017-03-09 | GSE93518 | GEO

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