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Next-Generation Sequencing Facilitates Quantitative Analysis of Transcriptomes in PB- and PB-TERRA-transfected 46C Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

ABSTRACT: Next-generation sequencing facilitates quantitative analysis of transcriptomes in 46C mouse embryonic stem cells overexpressing PB-TERRA or PB empty vector at gene expression level. Results provide important information of the response of up-regulating TERRA, such as specific mechano-responsive genes, up- or down-regulated genes that were mainly enriched in signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE103933 | GEO | 2017/09/18

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA407676

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Next Generation Sequencing Facilitates Quantitative Analysis of Transcriptomes in PB- and PB-Gbx2-transfected 46C mouse embryonic stem cells

Project description:Next Generation Sequencing Facilitates Quantitative Analysis of Transcriptomes in 46C mouse embryonic stem cells overexpressing PB-Gbx2 or PB empty vector at gene expression level. Results provide important information of the response of up-regulating Gbx2, such as specific mechano-responsive genes, up- or down-regulated genes that were mainly enriched in signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells

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Next Generation Sequencing Facilitates Quantitative Analysis of Transcriptomes in PB- and PB-ID2-transfected 46C mouse embryonic stem cells

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Next-Generation Sequencing Facilitates Quantitative Analysis of Transcriptomes in PB- and PB-TERRA-transfected 46C Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

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PAR-TERRA RNA directs homologous sex chromosome pairing

Project description:In mammals, homologous chromosomes rarely pair outside meiosis. One exception is the X chromosome, which transiently pairs during X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). How two chromosomes find each other in 3D space is not known. Here, we reveal a required interaction between the X-inactivation center (Xic) and the telomere in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. The subtelomeric, pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) of the two sex chromosomes (X and Y) also undergo pairing in both female and male cells. PARs transcribe a class of telomeric RNA, dubbed PAR-TERRA, which accounts for a vast majority of all TERRA transcripts. PAR-TERRA binds throughout the genome, including to the PAR and Xic. During X-chromosome pairing, PAR-TERRA anchors the Xic to the PAR, creating a ‘tetrad’ of pairwise homologous interactions (Xic–Xic, PAR–PAR, and Xic–PAR). Xic pairing occurs within the tetrad. Depleting PAR-TERRA abrogates pairing and blocks initiation of XCI, whereas autosomal PAR-TERRA induces ectopic pairing. We propose a ‘constrained diffusion model’ in which PAR-TERRA creates an interaction hub to guide Xic homology searching during XCI.

2017-07-10 | GSE69887 | GEO

Functional characterization of the TERRA transcriptome at damaged telomeres

Project description:We characterize the TERRA transcriptome at normal and TRF2-depleted telomeres by RNA-seq and we demonstrate that TERRA upregulation is occurring at all transcribed telomeres upon depletion of TRF2. RNA-sequencing of HeLa mRNA, 4 samples: with or without TERRA enrichment by IP (respectively "IP" and "input"), with or without TFR-2 knock-down (respectively "_T" and "_EV").

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Investigating the role of Lef1 in mouse embryonic stem cells.

Project description:Genome-wide analysis of gene expression in piggybac empty vector and piggybac-lef1 transfected mouse embryonic stem cells (46C mouse ESCs) Analysis of genes regulated by lef1, and we found that lef1 acts biphasically in mouse embryonic stem cells. Total RNA obtained from empty vector (PB)-transfected 46 ESCs or different states (passage 2 and passage 5) of lef1-transfected (PB-Lef1 P2, PB-Lef1 P5) 46C mouse ESCs.

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TERRA regulates DNA G-quadruplex formation and ATRX loading on chromatin

Project description:The genome consists of non-B-DNA structures such as G-quadruplexes (G4) that are involved in the regulation of genome stability and transcription. Telomeric-repeat containing RNA (TERRA) is capable of folding into G-quadruplex and interacting with chromatin remodeler ATRX. Here we show that TERRA modulates ATRX occupancy on repetitive sequences and over genes, and maintains DNA G-quadruplex structures at TERRA target and non-target sites in mouse embryonic stem cells. TERRA prevents ATRX from binding to subtelomeric regions and represses H3K9me3 formation. G4 ChIP-seq reveals that G4 abundance decreases at accessible chromatin regions, particularly at transcription start sites (TSS) after TERRA depletion; such G4 reduction at TSS is associated with elevated ATRX occupancy and differentially expressed genes. Loss of ATRX alleviates the effect of gene repression caused by TERRA depletion. Immunostaining analyses demonstrate that knockdown of TERRA diminishes DNA G4 signals, whereas silencing ATRX elevates G4 formation. Our results uncover an epigenetic regulation by TERRA that sequesters ATRX and preserves DNA G4 structures.

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TERRA RNA antagonizes ATRX and protects telomeres

Project description:Through an integration of genomic and proteomic approaches to advance understanding of long noncoding RNAs, we investigate the function of the telomeric transcript, TERRA. By identifying thousands of TERRA target sites in the mouse genome, we demonstrate that TERRA can bind both in cis to telomeres and in trans to genic targets. We then define a large network of interacting proteins, including epigenetic factors, telomeric proteins, and the RNA helicase, ATRX. TERRA and ATRX share hundreds of target genes and are functionally antagonistic at these loci: whereas TERRA activates, ATRX represses gene expression. At telomeres, TERRA competes with telomeric DNA for ATRX binding, suppresses ATRX localization, and ensures telomeric stability. Depleting TERRA increases telomerase activity and induces telomeric pathologies, including formation of telomere-induced DNA damage foci and loss or duplication of telomeric sequences. We conclude that TERRA functions as an epigenomic modulator in trans and as an essential regulator of telomeres in cis.

2017-06-29 | GSE79180 | GEO

Mouse ESC 46C replication analysis by repli-chip

Project description:Mouse ESC 46C replication timing has been assessed by repli-chip.

2017-07-28 | GSE95090 | GEO

RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and TERRA CHIRT-seq from p53-/- iPS infected with a lentiviral virus carrying a control scrambled shRNA or shRNA against TRF1

Project description:The mechanisms that regulate pluripotency and cell fate are still largely unknown. Here, we show that the Telomere Repeat Binding Factor 1 (TRF1), a component of the shelterin telomere protection complex, regulates genome-wide binding of polycomb to stem cell and pluripotency genes, thereby exerting vast epigenetic changes that contribute to maintain embryonic stem cells in a naïve state. We further show that TRF1 mediates these effects by regulating TERRA, the long-non-coding RNAs transcribed from telomeres and that are part of the telomeric chromatin. In particular, we find that TERRAs are enriched at polycomb and stem cell genes in pluripotent cells and that TRF1 abrogation results in increased TERRA levels and a higher binding of TERRA to those genes, an event that is coincidental with TRF1-dependent induction of cell-fate programs and loss of the naïve state. These results are consistent with a model in which TERRA recruits polycomb to genes important for pluripotency and differentiation in a manner that is dependent on TRF1. These unprecedented findings explain the long-standing observation that TRF1 is one of the most upregulated genes during induction of pluripotency and it is essential for the induction and maintenance of pluripotency.

2019-08-09 | GSE121759 | GEO

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