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RSV disease severity: Insights into Protective Immune Responses

ABSTRACT: This was a prospective observational cohort study involving a convenience sample of previously healthy children <2 years of age with acute RSV infection as well as healthy non-infected age matched controls. The study was conducted at Nationwide Children’s Hospital (NCH; Columbus, OH) during four respiratory seasons, from 2011 to 2015. Children were enrolled at the NCH urgent care clinics, the emergency department or in the inpatient ward or intensive care unit (PICU). For the inpatients enrolled at ward or PICU the median time from admission to sample collection was 21.3h (interquartile range [IQR] 16.7 -37.6h). The majority of children had a confirmatory RSV test (either rapid antigen testing or PCR based) at enrollment per standard of care. In addition, the presence of RSV was confirmed by quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR in all study subjects. Healthy age-matched controls were enrolled during well-child visits or minor elective surgical procedures not involving the respiratory tract as described [Mejias 2013]. Exclusion criteria were as follows: documented bacterial co-infections, premature birth (<36 weeks of gestation), chronic or congenital medical conditions, and immunodeficiency. For healthy controls, additional exclusion criteria included: presence of fever or symptoms of respiratory tract infection within two weeks of enrollment.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE105450 | GEO | 2020/04/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:While the majority of infants infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) exhibit mild or no symptoms, approximately 3 million children under the age of five are hospitalized every year due to complications from RSV. This research sought to explore the biological processes and related biomarkers responsible for the varied manifestations of RSV disease in young infants. The goal is to pave the way for a more precise categorization of RSV-infected infants based on their medical requirements. Whole blood samples are collected from infant case-control cohort study, the RESCEU case-control cohort is a multinational, multicenter, observational study (clinical trial registration number: NCT03756766). Infants < 12 months old with RSV disease were recruited from the University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU) in The Netherlands, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS) in Spain, Imperial College (IMPERIAL) National Health Service Trust (NHS) and Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust (OXFORD) in the United Kingdom during the RSV seasons 2017-2018, 2018-2019, and 2019-2020. Healthy controls without underlying comorbidities were recruited outside of the RSV season. Eligibility criteria included hospitalization for less than 48 hours at enrolment or within 96 hours of disease onset, no previous receipt of medications to treat RSV infection, no prior exposure to an investigational RSV vaccine or medication, no previous receipt of immunoglobulins or monoclonal antibodies, and had not used montelukast or oral steroids within seven days before enrolment. Infants with co-morbidities were not evaluated in the manuscript. RSV was detected using RSV point-of-care test (POCT) by either a rapid antigen detection test (Alere I) (Alere Inc, Waltham, Massachusetts) or rapid RSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test at the hospital setting, or a RSV PCR test at the laboratory. Convalescence samples were collected 7 ±1 weeks after a positive RSV diagnostic test result. We used microarray to assist us to identify biomarkers for severe RSV disease.

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RSV disease severity: Insights into Protective Immune Responses

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