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Coordinated regulation of starch synthesis by microRNAs and DNA methylation [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Starch synthesis is an essential feature for crops, but its regulatory mechanism has been largely restricted to transcription factors. Starch synthesis parallels the endosperm development in maize. we obtained transcriptome, small RNAome and DNA methylome data from the multiple developing stages of endosperms, as well as kernel and leaf, via applying RNA-seq, sRNA-seq and BS-seq technologies. We demonstrated that genome-wide gene expression makes a sharp transition at the point when starch accumulation speeds between DAP 10-13, while the enriched up-regulation of starch and sucrose metabolism genes occurs earlier at DAP 9-10. Expression pattern analysis establishes a comprehensive network between starch synthesis genes and transcription factors. MiRNAs negatively regulating TF expression were extensively downregulated during maize endosperm development. We showed that TF ZmMYB33 and ZmMYB65 promotes the transcription of the GUS reporter under the control of Wx and Sbe2b/Bt2 gene promoters containing their binding motifs, respectively. We further showed that the abundantly expressed miR159k-3p negatively regulate the expression of these two transcription factors, suggesting that miRNAs are important regulators of starch synthesis. In addition, we showed that both starch synthesis genes and miRNAs are globally repressed by DNA methylation, while transcription factors are not. Taken together, the presented results establish the regulatory functions of miRNAs and DNA methylation in starch synthesis, and indicates DNA methylation as the master switch.

ORGANISM(S): Zea mays

PROVIDER: GSE106684 | GEO | 2020/11/04

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Coordinated regulation of starch synthesis by microRNAs and DNA methylation [miRNA-seq]

Project description:Starch synthesis is an essential feature for crops, but its regulatory mechanism has been largely restricted to transcription factors. Starch synthesis parallels the endosperm development in maize. we obtained transcriptome, small RNAome and DNA methylome data from the multiple developing stages of endosperms, as well as kernel and leaf, via applying RNA-seq, sRNA-seq and BS-seq technologies. We demonstrated that genome-wide gene expression makes a sharp transition at the point when starch accumulation speeds between DAP 10-13, while the enriched up-regulation of starch and sucrose metabolism genes occurs earlier at DAP 9-10. Expression pattern analysis establishes a comprehensive network between starch synthesis genes and transcription factors. MiRNAs negatively regulating TF expression were extensively downregulated during maize endosperm development. We showed that TF ZmMYB33 and ZmMYB65 promotes the transcription of the GUS reporter under the control of Wx and Sbe2b/Bt2 gene promoters containing their binding motifs, respectively. We further showed that the abundantly expressed miR159k-3p negatively regulate the expression of these two transcription factors, suggesting that miRNAs are important regulators of starch synthesis. In addition, we showed that both starch synthesis genes and miRNAs are globally repressed by DNA methylation, while transcription factors are not. Taken together, the presented results establish the regulatory functions of miRNAs and DNA methylation in starch synthesis, and indicates DNA methylation as the master switch.

2020-11-04 | GSE106627 | GEO

Coordinated regulation of starch synthesis by microRNAs and DNA methylation [BiSulfite-seq]

2020-11-04 | GSE106642 | GEO

Maize single base resolution methylome in B73 and Mo17 inbred line and their reciprocal hybrid

Project description:Here we report genome-wide high resolution allele-specific maps of DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in maize endosperm. To investigate the allele-specific DNA methylation pattern of maize endosperm on a genome-wide scale, we performed MethylC-seq for shoot, embryo, and endosperm tissue 12 d after pollination (DAP) of inbred B73, and the endosperm tissue 12 DAP of reciprocal crosses B73 Ã Mo17 (BM) and Mo17 Ã B73 (MB). We also performed additional RNA-seq for samples from 12-DAP and 10-DAP endosperm of both reciprocal crosses between inbreds B73 and Mo17

2013-10-17 | E-MTAB-4206 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Next Generation Sequencing Facilitates Quantitative Analysis of Transcriptomes for Wild Type and Mutants including opaque2, PbfRNAi and PbfRNAi;o2 in Maize (Zea mays)

2016-03-24 | GSE79513 | GEO

Next Generation Sequencing Facilitates Quantitative Analysis of Transcriptomes for Wild Type and Mutants including opaque2, PbfRNAi and PbfRNAi;o2 in Zea mays

Project description:The goals of this study are to study the regulatory network of the two maize endosperm-specific transcription factors O2 and PBF by 16-DAP endosperm transcriptome profiling (RNA-seq) of their mutants and wild type. The results utilize the expression pattern of global genes regulated by PBF and O2 to elucidate their control for storage compounds synthesis in maize kernels. The 16-DAP endosperm transcriptome of wild type (WT) and mutants including opaque2, PbfRNAi and PbfRNAi;o2 were generated by RNA-seq with three biological replicates per genotype on Illumina HiSeqTM2500.

2016-03-24 | E-GEOD-79513 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression in B73 maize aleurone and starchy endosperm at 18 and 22 day after pollination

Project description:The cereal endosperm consists of starchy endosperm (ST) cells, which accumulate storage proteins and starch, the peripheral aleurone (AL) cells, which mobilize these storage compounds during germination, and transfer cells in contact with the maternal vascular tissues, and the embryo-surrounding region. We conducted RNA-sequencing and analyzed transcript profiles of AL and ST tissues at 18 and 22 days after pollination (DAP), when storage compounds such as proteins, starch, triacylglycerols, specialized metabolites, and minerals are actively synthesized in the maize endosperm. We combined published RNA-seq datasets from other kernel tissues at different developmental stages to analyze gene expression connected to synthesis and accumulation of storage compounds and metabolites. Using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), we identified gene modules associated with metabolic pathways related to nutritional properties of the maize endosperm. We also provide information of novel marker genes specifically expressed in AL and ST, at either early or late developmental stages. This study is important for understanding maize endosperm development and for developing strategies to improve nutritional quality of maize kernels.

2017-05-02 | GSE95678 | GEO

Characterization and transcriptome analysis of maize small kernel mutant smk7a in different development stages

Project description:The kernel serves as a storage organ for various nutrients and determines the yield and quality of maize. Understanding the mechanisms regulating kernel development is important for maize production. In this study, a small kernel mutant smk7a of maize was characterized. Cytological observation suggested that the development of the endosperm and embryo was arrested in smk7a in the early development stage. Biochemical tests revealed that the starch, zein protein, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) contents were significantly lower in smk7a compared with wild-type (WT). Consistent with the defective development phenotype, transcriptome analysis of the kernels 12 and 20 days after pollination (DAP) revealed that the starch, zein, and auxin biosynthesis related genes were dramatically downregulated in smk7a. Genetic mapping indicated that the mutant was controlled by a recessive gene located on chromosome 2. Our results suggest that disrupted nutrition accumulation and auxin synthesis cause the defective endosperm and embryo development of smk7a.

2023-01-25 | GSE221594 | GEO

Dynamic Expression of Imprinted Genes Associates with Maternally Controlled Nutrient Allocation during Maize Endosperm Development

Project description:In angiosperms, the endosperm provides nutrients for embryogenesis or seed germination and is the primary tissue where gene imprinting occurs. To map the imprintome of the early developing endosperm in maize, we performed high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of the kernels at 0, 3, 5 days after pollination (DAP) and the endosperms at 7, 10, and 15 DAP produced from the B73 and Mo17 reciprocal crosses. We observed a gradual increase of paternal gene mRNAs in the 3- and 5-DAP kernels. In the 7-DAP endosperm, the majority of the tested genes reached a ratio of 2m:1p suggesting that paternal genes were nearly fully activated by 7 DAP. A total of 116, 234 and 63 imprinted genes exhibiting parent-specific expression were identified in the 7-, 10-, and 15-DAP endosperms, respectively. The highest amount of paternally expressed genes (PEGs) was found at 7 DAP mainly due to the significantly deviated parental allele expression ratio of these genes at this stage, while nearly 80% of the maternally expressed genes (MEGs) were specific to 10 DAP which were primarily attributed to the sharply increased expression levels compared to the other stages. GO enrichment analysis of the imprinted genes indicated the 10-DAP-specific MEGs were involved in the nutrient uptake and allocation through auxin signaling pathway in the maize endosperm coincident with the endosperm developmental stage associated with the beginning of starch and storage protein accumulation

2013-06-29 | GSE48425 | GEO

Transcriptome and differential gene expression analysis for nacRNAi and non-transgenic sibling

Project description:We report the transcriptome profile of the developing maize endosperm of nacRNAi. The nacRNAi is the transgenic maize which knocks down the expression of both ZmNAC128 and ZmNAC130 in the developing endosperm.ZmNAC128 and ZmNAC130 are the two maize endosperm-specific NAC-type transcription factors. This study finds that nacRNAi has a broad effect on the accumulation of starch and protein by regulating their main synthetic genes.

2019-05-04 | GSE127525 | GEO

Dynamic Expression of Imprinted Genes Associates with Maternally Controlled Nutrient Allocation during Maize Endosperm Development

2013-06-29 | E-GEOD-48425 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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