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Fam46a is a regulator for gene expression in secretory tissues and plays an important role in development and homeostasis [Chordin]

ABSTRACT: In early embryonic development, the organiser functions in multiple developmental processes, including neural induction, dorsoventral patterning of the mesoderm, and formation of the axial mesoderm. Chordin is a central molecule for the activity of the Spemann’s organiser and abundantly secreted from the Spemann’s organiser in Xenopus laevis. However, so far, a whole picture of the gene expression profile regulated by Chordin has not been examined. Here, we perform microarray analysis of chordin overexpression and identify fam46a as an upregulated gene. We demonstrate that fam46a is essential for Xenopus laevis early embryonic development as well as gene induction during cell differentiation in mammalian cell culture models. fam46a is preferentially expressed in tissues with high secretory ability. In Xenopus laevis, fam46a is required for normal neural tube closure and expression of epidermal markers, neural markers and mesodermal markers. In the human Caco-2 cell model, FAM46A is localised in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and regulates gene induction during cell differentiation. In the mouse intestinal organoid model, Fam46a is required for survival of organoids as well as enterocyte differentiation. These results indicate that fam46a is a regulator for gene expression in secretory cells during cell differentiation in early embryonic development and adult homeostasis.

ORGANISM(S): Xenopus laevis

PROVIDER: GSE108684 | GEO | 2023/11/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones exert fundamental roles in regulating gene expression. During development, groups of PTMs are constrained by unknown mechanisms into combinatorial patterns, which facilitate transitions from uncommitted embryonic cells into differentiated somatic cell lineages. Repressive histone modifications such as H3K9me3 or H3K27me3 have been investigated in detail, but the role of H4K20me3 in development is currently unknown. Here we show that Xenopus laevis Suv4-20h1 and h2 histone methyltransferases (HMTases) are essential for induction and differentiation of the neuroectoderm. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of the two HMTases leads to a selective and specific downregulation of genes controlling neural induction, thereby effectively blocking differentiation of the neuroectoderm. Global transcriptome analysis supports the notion that these effects arise from the transcriptional deregulation of specific genes rather than widespread, pleiotropic effects. Interestingly, morphant embryos fail to repress the Oct4-related Xenopus gene Oct-25. We validate Oct-25 as direct target of xSu4-20h enzyme-mediated gene repression, showing by chromatin immunoprecipitaton that it is decorated with the H4K20me3 mark downstream of the promoter in normal, but not in double-morphant, embryos. Since knockdown of Oct-25 protein significantly rescues the neural differentiation defect in xSuv4-20h double-morphant embryos, we conclude that the epistatic relationship between Suv4- 20h enzymes and Oct-25 controls the transit from pluripotent to differentiation-competent neural cells. Consistent with these results in Xenopus, murine Suv4-20h1/h2 double-knockout embryonic stem (DKO ES) cells exhibit increased Oct4 protein levels before and during EB formation, and reveal a compromised and biased capacity for in vitro differentiation, when compared to normal ES cells. Together, these results suggest a regulatory mechanism, conserved between amphibian and mammals, in which H4K20me3-dependent restriction of specific POU-V genes directs cell fate decisions, when embryonic cells exit the pluripotent state. Total RNA samples from Xenopus laevis embryos. Transcript levels were analyzed after injection of control or Suv420 morpholinos into blastomeres.

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Fam46a is a regulator for gene expression in secretory tissues and plays an important role in development and homeostasis [Chordin]

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