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Transcriptional profiling at the DLK1/MEG3 domain explains clinical overlap between imprinting disorders

ABSTRACT: we performed transcriptomic profiling on fibroblasts cultures from controls, TS14 and SRS patients in order to study the effect of hypomethylation at imprinted loci on genes expression

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE109408 | GEO | 2019/01/19

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Transcription Across the H19/Igf2 Imprinting Control Region Initiates Paternally Methylated Imprinting in Mouse Prospermatogonia (RNA-Seq)

Project description:Silver-Russell syndrome(SRS, OMIM 180860) is an imprinting disordermanifesting in fetal and postnatal growth retardation. Loss of methylation (LOM) is detected in the imprinting control region 1 (ICR1) that controls the H19/IGF2 domain, in about 65% of SRS cases. The cause of this epigenetic deficiency is unknown. It may affect the process of imprint establishment --de novo methylation of ICR1 in the male germ line. In the paralogous mouse locus this process involves DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A and H3K36me2 histone methyltransferase NSD1, but the mechanism that targets these enzymes to this ICR is unknown. Based on our genome-wide deep-sequencing data of transcription and DNA methylation, we hypothesized that low-level transcription is required in prospermatogonia for targeting H3K36me2 and de novo methylation to ICR. We truncated this transcript at the entry point to ICR by gene-targeting. In response, the establishment of DNA methylation imprint was incomplete. The sporadic LOM persisted from the male germ line into the paternal allele of the soma, resulting in reduced Igf2, and increased, biallelic H19 RNA in the fetal organs, consistent with the insulator model. Fetus weight was also variably reduced upon paternal transmission of this mutation, consistent with the role of IGF2 as a fetal growth factor. We identify low-level transcription-through as the mechanism that initiates paternal imprint establishment at the H19/Igf2 ICR in the male germ line. The findings predict that RNA-dependent imprint establishment may be affected in human fetuses resulting in sporadic hypomethylation of the ICR1 in SRS.

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Project description:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multi-factorial disease characterized by the inability of beta-cells in the endocrine pancreas to produce sufficient amounts of insulin to overcome insulin resistance in peripheral tissue. To investigate the function of miRNAs in T2DM, we sequenced the small RNAs of human islets cells from diabetic and non-diabetic organ donors and identified a cluster of miRNAs in an imprinted locus on human chromosome 14 to be dramatically down-regulated in T2DM islets. These miRNAs are highly and specifically expressed in human beta-cells. The down-regulation of this imprinted locus strongly correlates with increased methylation of its promoter in T2DM islets, providing evidence for an epigenetic modification that contributes to the pathogenesis of T2DM. Targets of the Chr 14q32 cluster of miRNAs were identified by high-throughput sequencing of cross-linked and immunoprecipitated RNA (HITS-CLIP) of Argonaute. We have also identified a unique class of sequences, termed chimeric reads, that represent an in vivo ligation of miRNAs and their targets while in complex with Argonaute, and which allow for the direct identification of miRNA:target relationships in vivo. There are three experiments in this submission. All are in human islets or islet cell types. The first is a comparison of miRNA levels in sorted alpha versus beta cells. There is one replicate for this experiment. The second experiment is to measure the expression of miRNAs in whole islets as a function of glucose levels. There are three levels and one replicate for each condition. The third exeriment is a comparison of whole islets taken from human donors that were suspected/confirmed Type 2 diabetic or considered controls. There are 3 controls and 4 T2D samples.

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Meg3 non-coding RNA expression controls imprinting by preventing transcriptional up-regulation in cis

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