Pathogen Trojan horse delivers bioactive host protein ZmMAC1 to alter maize (Zea mays) anther cell behavior in the male sterile mutant Zmmac1-1.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Zea mays
PROVIDER: GSE109644 | GEO | 2018/03/07
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Pathogen Trojan horse delivers bioactive host protein ZmMAC1 to alter maize (Zea mays) anther cell behavior in the male sterile mutant Zmmac1-1.
| PRJNA431598 | ENA
Project description:One fundamental difference between plants and animals is the existence of a germ-line in animals and its absence in plants. In flowering plants, the sexual organs (stamens and carpels) are composed almost entirely of somatic cells, a small subset of which switch to meiosis; however, the mechanism of meiotic cell fate acquisition is a long-standing botanical mystery. In the maize (Zea mays) anther microsporangium, the somatic tissues consist of four concentric cell layers that surround and support reproductive cells as they progress through meiosis and pollen maturation. Male sterility, defined as the absence of viable pollen, is a common phenotype in flowering plants, and many male sterile mutants have defects in somatic and reproductive cell fate acquisition. However, without a robust model of anther cell fate acquisition based on careful observation of wild-type anther ontogeny, interpretation of cell fate mutants is limited. To address this, the pattern of cell proliferation, expansion, and differentiation was tracked in three dimensions over 30 days of wild-type (W23) anther development, using anthers stained with propidium iodide (PI) and/or 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) (S-phase label) and imaged by confocal microscopy. The pervading lineage model of anther development claims that new cell layers are generated by coordinated, oriented cell divisions in transient precursor cell types. In reconstructing anther cell division patterns, however, we can only confirm this for the origin of the middle layer (ml) and tapetum, while young anther development appears more complex. We find that each anther cell type undergoes a burst of cell division after specification with a characteristic pattern of both cell expansion and division. Comparisons between two inbreds lines and between ab- and adaxial anther florets indicated near identity: anther development is highly canalized and synchronized. Three classical models of plant organ development are tested and ruled out; however, local clustering of developmental events was identified for several processes, including the first evidence for a direct relationship between the development of ml and tapetal cells. We speculate that small groups of ml and tapetum cells function as a developmental unit dedicated to the development of a single pollen grain.
| S-EPMC3024885 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this study, in order to identify miRNA targets, a degradome library derived from anthers of the WT and GMS (Genetic Male Sterility) mutant representing three stages of development was constructed and sequenced, resulting in the generation of 24.6 million raw reads. After removal of low quality sequences and adapter sequences, 24.4 million clean reads were obtained and 98% were 20 or 21 nt in length as expected in that normally length distribution peak of degradome fragment is between 20 and 21 nt [Addo-Quaye C, Eshoo TW, Bartel DP, Axtell MJ: Endogenous siRNA and miRNA targets identified by sequencing of the Arabidopsis degradome. Curr Biol 2008, 18:758-762]. Identification of miRNA targets in the WT and GMS muant anthers. Anthers of the WT and GMS mutant representing three stages of development [the meiosis stage (WT: Mar-F-1; mutant: Mar-S-1) and tetrad stage (WT: Mar-F-2; mutant: Mar-S-2), together with the uninucleate microspore stage (WT: Mar-F-3; mutant: Mar-S-3) from the GMS M-bM-^@M-^XDong AM-bM-^@M-^Y mutant and its fertile wild type] were collected during early mornings.
2013-07-28 | E-GEOD-43389 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In flowering plants, anther dehiscence and pollen release are essential for sexual reproduction. Anthers dehisce after cell wall degradation weakens stomium cell junctions in each anther locule, and desiccation creates mechanical forces that open the locules. Either effect or both together may break stomium cell junctions. The microRNA miR167 negatively regulates ARF6 and ARF8, which encode Auxin Response transcription Factors. Arabidopsis mARF6 or mARF8 plants with mutated miR167 target sites have defective anther dehiscence and ovule development. Null mir167a mutations recapitulated mARF6 and mARF8 anther and ovule phenotypes, indicating that MIR167a is the main miR167 precursor gene that delimits ARF6 and ARF8 expression in these organs. Anthers of mir167a or mARF6/8 plants overexpressed genes encoding cell wall loosening functions associated with cell expansion, and grew too large starting at flower stage 11. Experimental desiccation enabled dehiscence of miR167-deficient anthers, indicating competence to dehisce. Conversely, high humidity conditions delayed anther dehiscence in wild-type flowers. These results support a model in which miR167-mediated anther growth arrest permits anther dehiscence. Without miR167 regulation, excess anther growth delays dehiscence by prolonging desiccation.
2019-07-15 | GSE122436 | GEO
Project description:During maize anther development, somatic locular cells differentiate to support meiosis in the pollen mother cells. Meiosis is an important event during anther growth and is essential for plant fertility as pollen contains the haploid sperm. A subset of maize male sterile mutants exhibit meiotic failure, including ms8 (male sterile 8) in which meiocytes arrest as dyads and the locular somatic cells exhibit multiple defects. Systematic proteomic profiles were analysed in biological triplicates plus technical triplicates comparing ms8 anthers with fertile sibling samples at both the premeiotic and meiotic stages; proteins from 3.5 to 20 kDa were fractionated by 1-D PAGE, cleaved with Lys-C and then sequenced using a LTQ Orbitrap Velos MS paradigm. Three hundred and 59 proteins were identified with two or more assigned peptides in which each of those peptides were counted at least two or more times (0.4% peptide false discovery rate (FDR) and 0.2% protein FDR); 2761 proteins were identified with one or more assigned peptides (0.4% peptide FDR and 7.6% protein FDR). Stage-specific protein expression provides candidate stage markers for early anther development, and proteins specifically expressed in fertile compared to sterile anthers provide important clues about the regulation of meiosis. 49% of the proteins detected by this study are new to an independent whole anther proteome, and many small proteins missed by automated maize genome annotation were validated; these outcomes indicate the value of focusing on low molecular weight proteins. The roles of distinctive expressed proteins and methods for mass spectrometry of low molecular weight proteins are discussed.
| S-EPMC4144787 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Plants deploy both primary and species-specific, specialized metabolites to communicate with other organisms and adapt to environmental challenges, including interactions with soil-dwelling microbial communities. However, the role of specialized metabolites in modulating plant-microbiome interactions often remains elusive. In this study, we report that maize (Zea mays) diterpenoid metabolites with known antifungal bioactivities also influence rhizosphere bacterial communities. Metabolite profiling showed that dolabralexins, antibiotic diterpenoids that are highly abundant in roots of some maize varieties, can be exuded from the roots. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing determined the bacterial community composition of the maize mutant Zman2 (anther ear 2), which is deficient in dolabralexins and closely related bioactive kauralexin diterpenoids. The Zman2 rhizosphere microbiome differed significantly from the wild-type sibling with the most significant changes observed for Alphaproteobacteria of the order Sphingomonadales. Metabolomics analyses support that these differences are attributed to the diterpenoid deficiency of the Zman2 mutant, rather than other large-scale metabolome alterations. Together, these findings support physiological functions of maize diterpenoids beyond known chemical defenses, including the assembly of the rhizosphere microbiome.
| S-EPMC7801432 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Genetic male sterility (GMS) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plays an important role in the utilization of hybrid vigor. However, the molecular mechanism of the GMS is still unclear. While numerous studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNA) regulate flower and anther development, whether different small RNA regulations exist in GMS and its wild type is unclear. To investigate the global expression and complexity of small RNAs during cotton anther development, three small RNA libraries were constructed from the anthers of three development stages each from fertile wild type (WT) and its GMS mutant cotton.
2013-07-28 | GSE43531 | GEO
Project description:A series of microarray experiments by using RNA sources from UDT1-1 mutant type- and wild type-anthers at stages from meiosis to young microspore. In conjuction, microarray experiments by using RNA sources from wild type_Palea/lemmas in the flowering stage and wild type anther at pollen mitosis were performed in a time course design and compared to the microarrays of UDT1-1 mutant type- and wild type-anthers. Keywords: time-course
2005-10-01 | GSE2619 | GEO
Project description:In this study, in order to identify miRNA targets, a degradome library derived from anthers of the WT and GMS (Genetic Male Sterility) mutant representing three stages of development was constructed and sequenced, resulting in the generation of 24.6 million raw reads. After removal of low quality sequences and adapter sequences, 24.4 million clean reads were obtained and 98% were 20 or 21 nt in length as expected in that normally length distribution peak of degradome fragment is between 20 and 21 nt [Addo-Quaye C, Eshoo TW, Bartel DP, Axtell MJ: Endogenous siRNA and miRNA targets identified by sequencing of the Arabidopsis degradome. Curr Biol 2008, 18:758-762].
2013-07-28 | GSE43389 | GEO
Project description:We performed microarray experiments with RNAs from dissected immature anthers (stages 4-7) from wild-type, dyt1 and ams mutant plants, using the Affymetrix ATH1 chip.
2009-09-23 | GSE18225 | GEO