Transcriptome of CD8 T cells before and after PD-1 ICI therapy
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ABSTRACT:
OTHER RELATED OMICS DATASETS IN: PRJNA438826
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE111981 | GEO | 2018/05/09
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 immunosuppressive pathway has shown promise in the treatment of certain cancers including melanoma. This study investigates differences in the gene expression profiles of human melanomas that do or do not display the immunosuppressive protein PD-L1. Further understanding of genes expressed within the tumor microenvironment of PD-L1+ tumors may lead to improved rationally designed treatments. Gene expression profiling was performed on total RNA extracted by laser capture microdissection from 11 archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) melanoma specimens, 5 of which were PD-L1 positive and 6 PD-L1 negative. Details of the design, and the gene signatures found are given in the paper associated with this GEO Series: Janis M. Taube, Geoffrey D. Young, Tracee L. McMiller, Shuming Chen, January T. Salas, Theresa S. Pritchard, Haiying Xu, Alan K. Meeker, Jinshui Fan, Chris Cheadle, Alan E. Berger, Drew M. Pardoll, and Suzanne L. Topalian, Differential expression of immune-regulatory genes associated with PD-L1 display in melanoma: implications for PD-1 pathway blockade, Clin Cancer Res 2015, in press.
2015-05-01 | E-GEOD-65041 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Immunotherapy has opened hitherto unknown possibilities to treat cancer. Whereas some cancer types (e.g. melanoma) can be efficiently treated, others lack measurable positive effects (e.g. PDAC). Moreover, stratification of responders/non-responders is only possible in some cancer types (e.g. melanoma). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a dismal prognosis, limited treatment options and survival benefit, and represents a potential cancer entity for successful immunotherapy. Here, we investigated NASH-triggered HCC in the context PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. Using flow cytometry, single cell RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometric analyses, we found a progressive increase of CD8+PD-1+ effector T-cells with a unique profile of exhaustion and activation markers rising with murine and human NASH severity. Notably, late-stage HCC treatment with PD-1-targeted immunotherapy enhanced hepatic carcinogenesis in mice. Dissecting potential mechanisms of action during tumor-initiation and -progression we analyzed the effects of PD-1-targeted immunotherapy at HCC initiation. PD-1-targeted immunotherapy induced a pro-tumorigenic environment, enhanced necro-inflammation and increased NAFLD-activation score (NAS), leading to increased liver cancer incidence, tumor number and nodule size. In contrast, anti-CD8 or anti-CD8/anti-NK1.1 treatment reduced NAS and abrogated the development of liver cancer, thus identifying CD8+PD-1+ T-cells as drivers of liver cancer in NASH-triggered HCC. Increased apoptotic signaling, STAT3 phosphorylation and hepatic proliferation were detected in intra-tumoral liver tissue upon PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. In line, PD-1-/- mice challenged with a NASH diet displayed early onset of hepatocarcinogenesis, corroborating the pro-tumorigenic role of absent or reduced PD-1. Mechanistically PD-1-targeted immunotherapy mainly affected hepatic abundance of CD8+PD-1+ T-cells, instead of altering the quality of Tox+CXCR6+ expressing CD8+PD-1+TNF+CD39+Gzmb+ T-cells found in NASH livers, leading to an aggressive, pro-tumorigenic liver environment. Single-cell mapping of human NASH-, borderline NASH- or unaffected livers corroborated our preclinical NASH results. Moreover, in human NASH livers a correlation of hepatic CD8+, PD-1+, TNF+ T-cells with fibrosis and NASH severity was observed. Accordingly, HCC patients with NASH etiology display a sharp increase in intra- and peri-tumoral CD8+ PD-1+ T-cells. In a cohort of 65 patients recruited across 6 centers in Germany and Austria, patients with NAFLD/NASH-driven HCC responded worse to PD-1-targeted immunotherapy by Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab compared to non-NAFLD patients. This resulted in significant reduced overall survival, in trends of faster disease progression and reduced progression free survival. Histological analysis of livers derived from HCC patients treated with PD-1-targeted immunotherapy displayed high levels of intra and peri-tumoral CD8+ PD-1+ T-cells and Ki67+ hepatocytes. Taken together, these data indicate that PD-1-targeted immunotherapy induces immune-related adverse effects in NAFLD/NASH-driven HCC through CD8+PD-1+ T-cells. Our data call for stratification of HCC patients subjected to PD-1-targeted immunotherapy, with NAFLD being a negative predictor.
2021-03-03 | PXD017236 | Pride
Project description:Transcriptome of CD8 T cells before and after PD-1 ICI therapy
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Project description:While T cell accumulation in tumors is associated with response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), many T cell-rich tumors fail to respond to ICB. Here we leveraged a large neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade trial in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to search for correlates of ICB response within T cell-rich tumors. Paired scRNAseq/TCRseq of nearly one million immune cells revealed that tumor responses to ICB correlated with significant clonal expansion of intratumoral CH25H+CXCL13+IL-21+CD4 T cells and GranzymeK+PD-1+CD8 effector T cells, whereas terminally exhausted CD39hiToxhiPD-1hi CD8 clones dominated in non-responders. Notably, proliferating and progenitor CD8 T cells clones were found in tumors of responders and non-responders. However, tumors from responders were highly enriched in mregDCs, a DC state triggered by capture of tumor debris, which formed physically interacting cellular triads with Tfh-like CD4 and progenitor-like CD8 T cells. Receptor-ligand analysis revealed unique interactions within these triads that may promote progenitor CD8 T cell differentiation into effector cells upon PD-1 blockade. These results suggest that discrete cellular niches that include mregDCs and Tfh-like CD4 T cells might control the differentiation of tumor-specific progenitor CD8 T cell clones into effective anti-tumor T cells in human tumors.
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Project description:Chronic viral infections are characterized by a state of CD8 T cell dysfunction termed exhaustion. A better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate CD8 T cell responses during chronic infection is required to improve immunotherapies that restore function in exhausted CD8 T cells. Here we identify a novel population of virus-specific CD8 T cells with a T follicular helper (Tfh)-like signature in mice chronically infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). These Tfh-like CD8 T cells expressed the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitory receptor but at the same time also expressed co-stimulatory molecules and had a gene signature that was related to CD8 T cell memory precursor cells and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). These Tfh-like CD8 T cells acted as stem cells during chronic infection undergoing self-renewal and also differentiating into the terminally exhausted CD8 T cells that were present in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. The Tfh-like CD8 T cells were found only in lymphoid tissues and resided predominantly in the T cell zones along with naïve CD8 T cells. Interestingly, the proliferative burst after PD-1 blockade came almost exclusively from this Tfh-like CD8 T cell subset. Importantly, the transcription factor TCF1 played a cell intrinsic and essential role in the generation of Tfh-like CD8 T cells. Taken together, our study identifies Tfh-like CD8 T cells as the critical subset for maintaining the pool of virus-specific CD8 T cells during chronic infection and as the cells that proliferate after PD-1 blockade. These findings provide a better understanding of T cell exhaustion and have implications towards optimizing PD-1 directed immunotherapy. 8 samples isolated from CD8 T-cells in LCMV clone 13 GK1.5 infected mice (2 naïve, 3 CXCR5+Tim3-, 3 CXCR5-Tim3+) cells were analyzed
2016-08-02 | E-GEOD-84105 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer therapy. In particular, inhibition of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is effective for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and other cancers. Despite a dramatic increase in progression-free survival, a large proportion of patients do not show durable response. Therefore, predictive biomarkers of clinical response are urgently needed. Here, we employed high-dimensional single cell mass cytometry and a bioinformatics pipeline for the in-depth characterization of the immune cell subsets in the peripheral blood of metastatic melanoma patients before and after anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. During therapy, we observed a clear treatment response to immunotherapy in the T cell compartment. However, prior to commending therapy a strong predictor of progression free and overall survival in response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy was the frequency of CD14+CD16-HLA-DRhi monocytes. We could confirm this by conventional flow cytometry in an independent validation cohort and propose this as a novel predictive biomarker for therapy decisions in the clinic. In order to determine whether there are cell intrinsic changes in the monocyte signature, we performed RNA sequencing on sorted CD14+CD16-HLA-DRhi cells from HD, NR and R at baseline. Representative samples (n=4, each) of responders/non responders/ and healthy donors were selected from archival samples stored in the dermatology biobank according to the same clinical criteria used in the discovery and validation cohorts for CyTOF and FACS analysis. CD14+CD16-HLA-DRhiLin- (CD3, CD4, CD19, CD45RO) monocytes were sorted from frozen PBMC form blood samples from HD, R and NR at baseline.
2017-12-20 | E-MTAB-6214 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Purpose Antibody-blockade of PD-1 shows durable responses, but so far, few biomarkers accurately predict if patients with metastatic melanoma will respond. Experimental design We analyzed baseline serum samples (n=56) and tumor cell cultures (n=8), from melanoma patients treated with anti-PD1 therapy. Two approaches concentrating low abundant proteins in serum and two different mass spectrometry (MS) methods were applied: depletion of high abundant proteins with shotgun-MS, and N-glycosite enrichment combined with SWATH-MS. Tumor cell cultures were processed as whole cell lysates with subsequent shotgun-MS. Results Focusing on the non-responder proteome, we identified pathways such as inflammatory processes, cell adhesion and migration, scavenger receptor activity, RAGE receptor binding, platelet aggregation, neutrophil degranulation and integrin signaling to be upregulated. Analyzing the tumor cell proteome revealed a distinctive immunophenotype with CD antigens highly overexpressed in non-responders. Validation of a subset of these markers, performed by immunofluorescence staining of a tissue microarray, revealed a higher mean of positive cells in the tumor microenvironment of non-responders. Validation of serum proteome markers on a second baseline cohort by using a timsTOF for ion mobility MS, revealed significant differences between responder and non-responder for the proteins ORM2, SERPINA1, EFEMP1, and VASN. TCGA survival analysis demonstrated prognostic significance for multiple proteins of our signature correlating with lower overall survival in melanoma patients. Based on this study, we suggest a protein-panel for responsiveness to PD-1 blockade consisting of 14 serum and 33 tumor cell markers that will be the basis for further research.
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Project description:Whereas some cancer types (e.g. melanoma) can be efficiently treated with immunotherapy, others lack measurable positive effects (e.g. PDAC ). Moreover, stratification of responders/non-responders is only possible in some cancer types (e.g. melanoma). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a dismal prognosis, limited treatment options and survival benefit, and represents a potential cancer entity for successful immunotherapy. Here, we investigated NASH -triggered HCC in the context PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. Using flow cytometry, single cell RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometric analyses, we found a progressive increase of CD8+PD-1+ effector T-cells with a unique profile of exhaustion and activation markers rising with murine and human NASH severity. Notably, late-stage HCC treatment with PD-1-targeted immunotherapy enhanced hepatic carcinogenesis in mice. To dissect potential mechanisms of action during tumor-initiation and -progression we analyzed the effects of PD-1-targeted immunotherapy at HCC initiation. Anti-PD-1 treatment induced a pro-tumorigenic environment, enhanced necro-inflammation and increased NAFLD -activation score (NAS), leading to increased liver cancer incidence, tumor number and nodule size. In contrast, anti-CD8 treatment reduced NAS and abrogated the development of liver cancer, thus identifying CD8+PD-1+ T-cells as drivers of liver cancer in NASH-triggered HCC. Increased apoptotic signaling, STAT3 phosphorylation and hepatic proliferation were detected in intra-tumoral liver tissue upon PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. In line, PD-1-/- mice challenged with a NASH diet displayed early onset of hepatocarcinogenesis, corroborating the pro-tumorigenic role of absent or reduced PD-1. Mechanistically PD-1-targeted immunotherapy increased hepatic abundance of CD8+PD-1+Tox+CXCR6+CD8+PD-1+TNF+CD39+Gzmb+ T cells found in NASH livers, creating a pro-tumorigenic liver environment .
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Project description:Anti-PD-1 based immune therapies are thought to be dependent on antigen processing and presentation mechanisms. To characterize the immune-dependent mechanisms that predispose stage III/IV melanoma patients to respond to anti-PD-1 therapies, we performed a multi-omics study consisting of expression proteomics and targeted immune-oncology-based mRNA sequencing. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples were obtained from stage III/IV patients with melanoma prior to anti-PD-1 therapy. The patients were first stratified into poor and good responders based on whether their tumors had or had not progressed while on anti-PD-1 therapy for 1 year. We identified 263 protein/gene candidates that displayed differential expression, of which 223 were identified via proteomics and 40 via targeted-mRNA analyses. The downstream analyses of expression profiles using MetaCore software demonstrated an enrichment of immune system pathways involved in antigen processing/presentation and cytokine production/signaling. Pathway analyses showed interferon (IFN)-γ-mediated signaling via NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways to affect immune processes in a cell-specific manner and to interact with the inducible nitric oxide synthase. We review these findings within the context of available literature on the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy. The comparison of good and poor responders, using efficacy of PD-1-based therapy at 1 year, elucidated the role of antigen presentation in mediating response or resistance to anti-PD-1 blockade.
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Project description:PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade provides significant clinical benefits for cancer patients. However, factors influencing innate sensitivity remain incompletely catalogued. We analyzed the somatic mutanomes and transcriptomes of pretreatment melanoma biopsies. Mutations in cell adhesion genes and the DNA repair gene BRCA2 were enriched in responding tumors, and a high mutational load associated with improved survival. Innately resistant tumors displayed frequent transcriptomic up-expression of genes that enriched for mesenchymal transition, cell adhesion, ECM organization, wound-healing and angiogenesis. The transcriptomes of innate resistance also enriched for signatures indicating up-regulation of these processes. Notably, MAPK-targeted therapy (MAPKi) induced similar signatures in melanoma, suggesting that a form of MAPKi resistance mediates cross-resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. Co-enrichment of IPRIM (Innate anti-PD-1 Resistance Induced by MAPKi) signatures defined a transcriptomic subset across advanced cancers, suggesting that attenuating processes underlying these signatures may augment anti-PD1 responses. Thus, multi-factorial determinants influence anti-PD-1 patterns in melanoma.
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