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Zonisamide facilitates survival of human iPS cell-derived dopaminergic neurons in the rat striatum

ABSTRACT: It is reported that the transplantation of dopaminergic (DA) progenitors derived from pluripotent stem cells improves the behavior of Parkinson's disease (PD) model animals. However, the number of survived DA neurons was reported to be about 10% of the transplanted cells. This low survivability limits the clinical application of this stem cell-based therapy for PD. Recently, it was reported that zonisamide (ZNS) increased the number of survived DA neurons upon the transplantation of mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived DA progenitors in the mouse striatum. It is not known, however, whether ZNS exerts the same effect on human DA neurons. We induced DA progenitors from human iPS cells and transplanted them into the rat striatum with daily administration of ZNS. The number of survived DA neurons was evaluated one and four months after transplantation by immunohistochemistry. To assess the mechanism of action of ZNS, we performed a microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profile in striatum treated with or without ZNS. The immunofluorescense study at one and four months revealed that the number of survived DA neurons was significantly increased with the administration of ZNS. The microarray analysis revealed that the expression of Slitrk6 was up-regulated in rat striatum treated with ZNS. SLIT and NTRK like protein 6 (SLITRK6) was expressed by cholinergic neurons in the striatum. In addition, survival and neurite extension were enhanced when human iPS cell-derived DA progenitors were cultured on SLITRK6-expressing HEK293T cells. ZNS promotes the survival of DA neurons after the transplantation of human iPS cell-derived DA progenitors in the rat striatum. SLITRK6 is suggested to be involved in this supportive effect of ZNS by modulating the environment of the host brain.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

PROVIDER: GSE112624 | GEO | 2019/04/26

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a selective loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the human midbrain causing motor dysfunctions. The exact mechanism behind dopaminergic cell death is still not completely understood and, so far, no cure or neuroprotective treatment for PD is available. Recent studies have brought attention to the wide array of bioactive molecules produced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), generally referred to as the secretome. Herein, we evaluated whether human MSCs-bone marrow derived (hBMSCs) secretome would be beneficial in a PD pre-clinical model, when compared directly with cell transplantation of hBMSCs alone. We used a 6-hydroxydpomanie (6-OHDA) rat PD model, and motor behavior was evaluated at different time points after treatments (1, 4 and 7 weeks). The impact of the treatments in the recovery of DA neurons was estimated by determining TH-positive neuronal densities in the substantia nigra and fibers in the striatum, respectively, at the end of the behavioral characterization. Furthermore, we determined the effect of the hBMSCs secretome on the neuronal survival of human neural progenitors in vitro, and characterized the secretome through proteomic-based approaches. This work demonstrates that the injection of hBMSCs secretome potentiated the histological recovery of DA neurons, when compared to transplantation of hBMSCs themselves, a fact that probably explains the improved behavioral performance of secretome-injected animals in the staircase test. Moreover, we observed that hBMSCs secretome induces higher levels of in vitro neuronal differentiation. Finally, the proteomic analysis revealed that hBMSCs secrete a variety of important exosome-related molecules such as those related with the ubiquitin-proteasome and histone systems. Overall, this work provided important insights on the potential use of hBMSCs secretome as a therapeutic tool for PD, and further confirms the importance of the secreted molecules rather than the transplantation of hBMSCs for the observed positive effects. These could be likely through normalization of defective processes in PD, namely proteostasis or altered gene transcription, which lately can lead to neuroprotective effects.

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Zonisamide facilitates survival of human iPS cell-derived dopaminergic neurons in the rat striatum

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