In vitro monocyte-differentiated dendritic cells (moDCs) obtained from APECED patients and healthy controls.
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE11309 | GEO | 2008/10/01
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA106617
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a monogenic autoimmune disease caused by mutations in the AIRE gene. AIRE functions as a transcriptional regulator and it has a central role in the development of immunological tolerance. AIRE regulates the expression of ectopic antigens in epithelial cells of the thymic medulla and has been shown to participate in the development of peripheral tolerance. However, the mechanism of action of AIRE has remained elusive. To further investigate the role of AIRE in host immune functions, using microarray technology, we studied the properties and transcript profiles in in vitro monocyte-differentiated dendritic cells (moDCs) obtained from APECED patients and healthy controls. Experiment Overall Design: This study includes three female APECED patients between the ages of 26 and 51 years and all patients carried the homozygote FinnMajor mutation (R257X) in the AIRE gene. As controls, we used buffy coats from helathy voluntary blood donors obtained from the Finnish Red Cross Transfusion Service (Helsinki, Finland). The controls were sex- and age-matched. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from these subjects. The PBMCs were stimulated to differentiate into mature moDCs. RNA harvested from these cells was labeled and hybridized into microarrays. Part of the cells were treated with candida albicans. RNA from these cells was similarly labeled and studied with mocroarrays.
2008-10-26 | E-GEOD-11309 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The objective of this study was to understand the impact of autoimmune regulator (AIRE) on immunity against oral Candida albicans infection. Previous work indicated that autoantibodies against IL-17 and IL-22 may contribute to host susceptibility; however, there is not a 100% correlation between autoantibodies and mucosal candidiasis in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) patients, indicating that other pathways may be affected. Using a mouse model that very closely mimics what is seen in APECED patients, oral epithelial cells were sorted and RNA extracted from them to perform RNA-seq analysis to determine what other pathways may be involved. These data show that the type II interferon pathway is highly upregulated in Aire-deficient mice, while the IL-17R pathway is intact.
2021-08-11 | GSE133603 | GEO
Project description:Down syndrome (DS) patients frequently develop organ-specific autoimmune disorders, particularly endocrinopathies and coeliac disease, as well as an increased susceptibility to mucosal candidiasis. These clinical features resemble APECED (autoimmune-polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal-dystrophy), a monogenic condition due to mutations in the AIRE gene, located on 21q22.3 and already described as down-regulated in 21 trisomy. Here we investigated AIRE expression and global gene expression profiles in surgically removed thymuses from 14 DS infants and children with congenital heart defects and from 42 age-matched individuals with cardiac defect as an isolated malformation. Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly reduced AIRE expression in DS thymuses (70.48M-BM-149.59 positive cells/mm2 in DS X 154.70M-BM-161.16 in controls, p<0.0001). qPCR confirmed the lower expression of AIRE in DS thymuses. Global thymic RNA profiles from DS patients and controls revealed 407 genes significantly hypoexpressed in DS. Network transcriptional analysis showed that hypoexpressed genes are related to biological processes such as antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen (ERAP2, CD1D), negative (PRDX2) and positive (CD3D, CD74) thymic T-cell selection and homeostasis of number of cells (PRDX2). Altogether these findings may explain the high prevalence of autoimmune phenomena in DS patients. Moreover, our data are in accordance with previous findings of thymic abnormal development in DS patients, characterized by lymphocyte depletion, diminution of the cortex, and loss of corticomedullary demarcation. Global gene profiles indicate that in DS patients, the trisomic imbalance probably leads to thymic hypofunction. In conclusion, lower AIRE expression and the impairment of other crucial pathways for central tolerance could well explain the high prevalence of organ-specific autoimmune disorders in DS. Among the 14 DS infants and 42 age-matched individuals with cardiac defect, only 4 from each group provided enough biological material (thymus fragments) for isolation of high-quality RNA to perform array analysis. Eight thymic samples were analyzed: C1, C2, C3 and C4 are controls, and D1, D2, D3 and D4 are from patients with Down syndrome.
2011-11-28 | E-GEOD-23910 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor AutoImmune REgulator (AIRE) are responsible for the ‘Autoimmune PolyEndocrinopathy Candidiasis Ecodermal Dystrophy’ syndrome. AIRE directs expression of tissue restricted antigens in the thymic medulla and in lymph node stromal cells and thereby substantially contributes to induction of immunological tolerance to self-antigens. Data from experimental mouse models showed that AIRE-deficiency leads to impaired deletion of autospecific T cell precursors. However, a potential role for AIRE in the function of regulatory T cell populations, which are known to play a central role in prevention of immunopathology, has remained elusive. Regulatory T cells of CD8+CD28low phenotype efficiently control immune responses in experimental autoimmune and colitis models in mice. We here show that CD8+CD28low Treg from AIRE-deficient mice are transcriptionally and phenotypically normal, exert efficient suppression of in vitro immune responses, but completely fail to prevent experimental colitis in vivo. Our data therefore demonstrate that AIRE plays an important role in the in vivo function of a naturally occurring regulatory T cell population. Total RNA was extracted from CD8+CD28low regulatory T lymphocytes isolated from wildtype and Aire-deficient C57BL/6 mice for comparison of gene expression profiles.
2011-06-22 | E-GEOD-30129 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) protein is the key factor in thymic negative selection of autoreactive T-cells by promoting the ectopic expression of tissue-specific genes in thymic medullary epithelium. Mutations in AIRE cause a monogenic autoimmune disease called autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED). AIRE has been shown to promote DNA breaks via its interaction with topoisomerase 2 (TOP2). In this study, we investigated topoisomerase-induced DNA breaks and chromatin structural alterations in conjunction with AIRE-dependent gene expression. Using RNA-seq, we found that the inhibition of TOP2 religation activity by etoposide in AIRE-expressing cells had a synergistic effect on genes with low expression levels. AIRE-mediated transcription was not only enhanced by TOP2 inhibition but also by topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) inhibitor camptothecin. The transcriptional activation was associated with structural rearrangements in chromatin, notably the accumulation of γH2AX and the exchange of histone H1 with HMGB1 at AIRE target gene promoters. In addition, we found the transcriptional upregulation to co-occur with the chromatin structural changes within the genomic cluster of carcino-embryonic antigen-like cellular adhesion molecule (CEACAM) genes. Overall, our results suggest that the presence of AIRE can trigger molecular events leading to an altered chromatin landscape and the enhanced transcription of low-expressed genes.
2017-03-13 | GSE89892 | GEO
Project description:The Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) protein is the key factor in thymic negative selection of autoreactive T-cells by promoting the ectopic expression of tissue-specific genes in thymic medullary epithelium. Mutations in AIRE cause a monogenic autoimmune disease called autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED). AIRE has been shown to promote DNA breaks via its interaction with topoisomerase 2 (TOP2). In this study, we investigated topoisomerase-induced DNA breaks and chromatin structural alterations in conjunction with AIRE-dependent gene expression. Using RNA-seq, we found that the inhibition of TOP2 religation activity by etoposide in AIRE-expressing cells had a synergistic effect on genes with low expression levels. AIRE-mediated transcription was not only enhanced by TOP2 inhibition but also by topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) inhibitor camptothecin. The transcriptional activation was associated with structural rearrangements in chromatin, notably the accumulation of γH2AX and the exchange of histone H1 with HMGB1 at AIRE target gene promoters. In addition, we found the transcriptional upregulation to co-occur with the chromatin structural changes within the genomic cluster of carcino-embryonic antigen-like cellular adhesion molecule (CEACAM) genes. Overall, our results suggest that the presence of AIRE can trigger molecular events leading to an altered chromatin landscape and the enhanced transcription of low-expressed genes.
2017-03-13 | GSE76240 | GEO
Project description:Down syndrome (DS) patients frequently develop organ-specific autoimmune disorders, particularly endocrinopathies and coeliac disease, as well as an increased susceptibility to mucosal candidiasis. These clinical features resemble APECED (autoimmune-polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal-dystrophy), a monogenic condition due to mutations in the AIRE gene, located on 21q22.3 and already described as down-regulated in 21 trisomy. Here we investigated AIRE expression and global gene expression profiles in surgically removed thymuses from 14 DS infants and children with congenital heart defects and from 42 age-matched individuals with cardiac defect as an isolated malformation. Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly reduced AIRE expression in DS thymuses (70.48±49.59 positive cells/mm2 in DS X 154.70±61.16 in controls, p<0.0001). qPCR confirmed the lower expression of AIRE in DS thymuses. Global thymic RNA profiles from DS patients and controls revealed 407 genes significantly hypoexpressed in DS. Network transcriptional analysis showed that hypoexpressed genes are related to biological processes such as antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen (ERAP2, CD1D), negative (PRDX2) and positive (CD3D, CD74) thymic T-cell selection and homeostasis of number of cells (PRDX2). Altogether these findings may explain the high prevalence of autoimmune phenomena in DS patients. Moreover, our data are in accordance with previous findings of thymic abnormal development in DS patients, characterized by lymphocyte depletion, diminution of the cortex, and loss of corticomedullary demarcation. Global gene profiles indicate that in DS patients, the trisomic imbalance probably leads to thymic hypofunction. In conclusion, lower AIRE expression and the impairment of other crucial pathways for central tolerance could well explain the high prevalence of organ-specific autoimmune disorders in DS.
2011-11-28 | GSE23910 | GEO
Project description:Mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor AutoImmune REgulator (AIRE) are responsible for the ‘Autoimmune PolyEndocrinopathy Candidiasis Ecodermal Dystrophy’ syndrome. AIRE directs expression of tissue restricted antigens in the thymic medulla and in lymph node stromal cells and thereby substantially contributes to induction of immunological tolerance to self-antigens. Data from experimental mouse models showed that AIRE-deficiency leads to impaired deletion of autospecific T cell precursors. However, a potential role for AIRE in the function of regulatory T cell populations, which are known to play a central role in prevention of immunopathology, has remained elusive. Regulatory T cells of CD8+CD28low phenotype efficiently control immune responses in experimental autoimmune and colitis models in mice. We here show that CD8+CD28low Treg from AIRE-deficient mice are transcriptionally and phenotypically normal, exert efficient suppression of in vitro immune responses, but completely fail to prevent experimental colitis in vivo. Our data therefore demonstrate that AIRE plays an important role in the in vivo function of a naturally occurring regulatory T cell population.
2011-06-22 | GSE30129 | GEO
Project description:APECED is a monogenic autoimmune disease caused by defects in Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) gene that promotes the expression of self-antigens in the thymus. The autoimmune phenotype in APECED is variable, and multiple proteins are targeted by autoantibodies. This study used human protein arrays to screen autoantibody targets in APECED and to identify novel autoimmune targets. Altogether 100 sera samples from 82 individual APECED patients were profiled using Protoarray antibody specificity service at Invitrogen as well as samples from 12 healthy controls and 8 healthy relatives. The protein arrays (ProtoArray v5.1) were probed as described in Invitrogenâs protocol for Immune Response BioMarker Profiling using detection reagent (Alexa Fluor 647 Goat Anti-Human IgG A21445, Invitrogen) and blocking buffer (Blocking Buffer Kit PA055, Invitrogen). Arrays were scanned using a GenePix 4000B fluorescent scanner, and the data was acquired with GenePix® Pro software. The arrays were probed with sera at a dilution of 1:500.
2017-10-01 | E-MTAB-5369 | biostudies-arrayexpress