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Loss of H3K9me3 heterochromatin at protein coding genes enables developmental lineage specification (srHC-seq)

ABSTRACT: Domains of transcriptionally repressed heterochromatin, decorated by histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), are reduced in embryonic stem cells compared to fully differentiated cells. However, the establishment and dynamics of closed regions of chromatin at protein coding genes, in natural embryologic development, has not been described. We developed a novel, antibody-independent method to isolate and map compacted heterochromatin from low cell number samples. Unexpectedly, we uncovered extensive high levels of H3K9me3-decorated, compacted heterochromatin at protein coding genes in early, uncommitted cells in the three germ layers, undergoing profound rearrangements and reduction upon differentiation, concomitant with cell type-specific gene expression. Perturbation of the three H3K9me3-related methyltransferases revealed that H3K9me3 heterochromatin is required to maintain cell lineage fidelity. We propose a key role for chromatin-based restriction of gene activity via H3K9me3 during embryologic development

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE114197 | GEO | 2018/10/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Loss of H3K9me3 heterochromatin at protein coding genes enables developmental lineage specification (ChIP-Seq)

Project description:Domains of transcriptionally repressed heterochromatin, decorated by histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), are reduced in embryonic stem cells compared to fully differentiated cells. However, the establishment and dynamics of closed regions of chromatin at protein coding genes, in natural embryologic development, has not been described. We developed a novel, antibody-independent method to isolate and map compacted heterochromatin from low cell number samples. Unexpectedly, we uncovered extensive high levels of H3K9me3-decorated, compacted heterochromatin at protein coding genes in early, uncommitted cells in the three germ layers, undergoing profound rearrangements and reduction upon differentiation, concomitant with cell type-specific gene expression. Perturbation of the three H3K9me3-related methyltransferases revealed that H3K9me3 heterochromatin is required to maintain cell lineage fidelity. We propose a key role for chromatin-based restriction of gene activity via H3K9me3 during embryologic development

2018-10-31 | GSE114196 | GEO

Loss of H3K9me3 heterochromatin at protein coding genes enables developmental lineage specification (RNA-Seq)

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Dynamic and flexible bridging of H3K9me3-nucleosomes via HP1β-dimerization establishes a plastic state of condensed chromatin

Project description:Histone H3 trimethylation of lysine 9 (H3K9me3) and heterochromatin proteins 1 (HP1) are hallmarks of heterochromatin, a state of compacted DNA essential for genome stability and long-term transcriptional silencing. The mechanisms by which H3K9me3 and HP1 contribute to chromatin compaction have been speculative and controversial. We demonstrate that mammalian HP1β is a prototypic HP1 protein exemplifying most basal chromatin binding and effects. These are caused by dimeric and dynamic interaction with highly enriched H3K9me3 and are modulated by various electrostatic interfaces. Via internucleosomal bridging HP1β specifically interacts with condensed chromatin, which we postulate stabilizes the compacted state. In agreement, HP1β genome-wide localization follows enrichment of H3K9me3 and bridging of chromatin fibers in a cellular context is sufficient for maintaining heterochromatic conformation. Overall, our findings define a fundamental mechanism for chromatin higher order structural changes caused by HP1 proteins, which may contribute to the plastic nature of condensed chromatin.

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Mapping of H3, H3K4me3, H3K9me3, and H3K9ac on mixed asexual stages of P. falciparum

Project description:Epigenome profiling has led to the paradigm that promoters of active genes are decorated with H3K4me3 and H3K9ac marks. Data revealed an extensively euchromatic epigenome with heterochromatin restricted to variant surface antigen gene families (VSA) and a number of genes hitherto unlinked to VSA. The vast majority of the genome shows an unexpected pattern of enrichment of H3K4me3 and H3K9ac at intergenic regions and depletion at genes. Chip-chip (and cDNA) from Plasmodium falciparum strain NF54 asexual blood stages with H3, H3K4me3, H3K9me3 and H3K9ac

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Abo1 is required for H3K9me2 to H3K9me3 transition in telomeric and centromeric heterochromatin [gene expression]

Project description:Regulation of heterochromatin is critical for genome stability. Different states of methylated H3K9 have been discovered with distinct roles in heterochromatin formation and silencing. However, the control of the transition from H3K9me2 to H3K9me3 is still unclear. Here we investigate the role of the conserved bromodomain AAA-ATPase, Abo1, involved in maintaining the global nucleosome organization in fission yeast. We identified several key factors involved in heterochromatin silencing to interact genetically with Abo1: the histone deacetylase Clr3, the H3K9 methyltransferase Clr4, and the HP1 homologue Swi6. Cells lacking Abo1 display an imbalance of H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 in heterochromatin. In abo1∆ cells, the centromeric constitutive heterochromatin had increased H3K9me2 but decreased H3K9me3 levels compared to wild type. In contrast, facultative heterochromatin regions, show both reduced H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 levels in abo1∆. Genome-wide analysis showed that abo1∆ cells have silencing defects in both centromeres and subtelomeres, but not in a subset of heterochromatin islands. Our work uncovers a new role for Abo1 in supporting Clr4 activity and allowing for the transition of H3K9me2 to H3K9me3 in telomeric and centromeric heterochromatin. We used microarrays to detail the global gene expression in wilde typ (Hu2185) and abo1∆ (Hu2318) strain with three temperature induction: 25°C (cold stress), 30°C(standard cultivation) and 37°C heat stress. We found silencing defect under in heterochromatin in abo1∆ deletion in all three conditions.

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Examining the effect of the linker DNA length on protein binding to di-nucleosomes decorated with H3K9me3 and H3K27me3

Project description:Characteristic features of chromatin states are not limited to particular epigenetic modifications but include other regulatory cues, such as linker DNA length, typically ranging from between 35-55 bp (Valouev et al, 2011; Voong et al., 2016, Cell) to over 200 bp in nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) found at active enhancers and promoters (Schones et al, 2008; Hansen He et al, 2010). To investigate whether and how the nucleosome linker DNA affects chromatin recognition by nuclear proteins we performed a set of affinity purifications using di-nucleosomes incorporating different DNA linkers. This dataset contains experiments aimed to probe how the linker DNA length affects protein binding to di-nucleosomes decorated with H3K9me3 or H3K27me3. The following di-nucleosomes were used in affinity pull-down purifications with HeLa nuclear extract followed by label-free MS: 1. unmod. H3, 35 bp linker 2. unmod. H3, 40 bp linker 3. unmod. H3, 45 bp linker 4. unmod. H3, 50 bp linker 5. unmod. H3, 55 bp linker 6. H3K9me3, 35 bp linker 7. H3K9me3, 40 bp linker 8. H3K9me3, 45 bp linker 9. H3K9me3 50 bp linker 10. H3K9me3, 55 bp linker 11. H3K27me3, 35 bp linker 12. H3K27me3, 40 bp linker 13. H3K27me3, 45 bp linker 14. H3K27me3, 50 bp linker 15. H3K27me3, 55 bp linker

2023-12-10 | PXD042368 | Pride

Loss of H3K9me3 heterochromatin at protein coding genes enables developmental lineage specification

Project description:Loss of H3K9me3 heterochromatin at protein coding genes enables developmental lineage specification

| PRJNA470538 | ENA

Abo1 is required for H3K9me2 to H3K9me3 transition in telomeric and centromeric heterochromatin [ChIP-seq]

2020-04-13 | GSE125911 | GEO

H3K9me3 ChIP-seq from Neurospora crassa wild type (WT) and dim-3 (severely reduced H3K9me3 levels) strains

Project description:We report the placement of the H3K9me3 heterochromatin mark from the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa in wild type and dim-3 strains. The dim-3 strain has a global reduction in H3K9me3, which results from a causative mutation in importin alpha (NUP-6), a component of the nuclear transport machinery. NUP-6(dim-3) compromises the heterochromatic localization of several components of the DCDC, a histone H3K9 methyltransferase complex, from their sub-nuclear chromatin targets despite appropriate nuclear transport. To determine whether the reduced level of global H3K9me3 observed from isolated histones localizes to A:T rich DNA (genomic DNA destined to become heterochromatin), we performed H3K9me3 ChIP-seq on a dim-3 strain and compared that to a wild type strain.

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