FruitENCODE: An encyclopedia of DNA elements for fruit ripening
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Citrullus lanatus Musa acuminata AAA Group Prunus persica Solanum lycopersicum Cucumis sativus Oryza sativa Fragaria vesca Arabidopsis thaliana Malus domestica Vitis vinifera Carica papaya Cucumis melo Pyrus x bretschneideri
PROVIDER: GSE116581 | GEO | 2018/07/04
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Background: Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a commercially important crop that produces climacteric fruits with a soft and sweet pulp that contain a wide range of health promoting phytochemicals. Despite its importance, little is known about transcriptional modifications during fruit ripening and its control. In this study we report the analysis of ripe papaya transcriptome by using a cross-species (XSpecies) microarray technique based on the phylogenetic proximity between papaya and Arabidopsis thaliana. Results: Papaya transcriptome analyses resulted in the identification of 414 ripening-related genes and some of them had their expression validated by qPCR. The transcription profile was then compared with that from ripening tomato and grape. Overall, the transcriptomics analysis revealed many similarities between ripening in papaya and tomato especially with respect to primary metabolism, regulation of transcription, biotic and abiotic stress and cell wall metabolism. XSpecies microarray data indicate that transcription factors (TFs) of the MADS-box, NAC and AP2/ERF gene families are involved in the control of papaya ripening and reveal that cell wall-related gene expression in papaya showed similarities to the expression profiles seen in A. thaliana during hypocotyl development. Conclusion: The cross-species array experiment was successful in identifying ripening-related genes in papaya. The data indicated common and diverse elements of transcription control between fruit bearing taxa and has also indicated a possible distinct co-evolutionary mechanism for papaya cell wall disassembling system. The present study represents new topics for future researches that would help complement the structural genomic data provided by the papaya genome, since there is no gene-chip available for this plant organism. Papaya ripe transcriptome was analysed using mRNA extracted from unripe and ripe fruit from 2 replicates. After microarray hybridization in ATH1-121501 chip, data were normalized against data generated by papaya DNA hybridization in another ATH1-121501 chip and analysed using perl algorithms (masks).
2012-05-24 | E-GEOD-38105 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We report the application of NGS-derived transcriptome profile to elucidate a temporal line of both control and ethylene-induced ripening process of papaya fruit focusing on ripening-induced transcripts that act directly on plant cell wall disassembling
2021-09-06 | GSE128577 | GEO
Project description:DNA methylation is a conserved epigenetic mark that influences diverse biological processes in many eukaryotes. Recently, DNA methylation was proposed to regulate fleshy fruit ripening. Fleshy fruits can be distinguished by their ripening process as climacteric fruits, such as tomatoes, or non-climacteric fruits, such as strawberries. Tomatoes undergo a global decrease in DNA methylation during ripening, due to increased expression of a DNA demethylase gene. The dynamics and biological relevance of DNA methylation during ripening of non-climacteric fruits, or other climacteric fruits, are unknown. Here, we generated and characterized single-base resolution maps of the DNA methylome in strawberry fruit, from immature to ripe stages. We observed an overall loss of DNA methylation during strawberry fruit ripening. Thus, ripening-induced DNA hypomethylation occurs not only in climacteric fruit, but also in non-climacteric fruit. However, we discovered that the mechanisms underlying DNA hypomethylation during ripening of tomato and strawberry are distinct. Unlike in tomatoes, DNA demethylase genes were not up-regulated during ripening of strawberries. Instead, genes involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation were down-regulated during strawberry ripening. Further, ripening-induced DNA hypomethylation was associated with decreased siRNA levels, consistent with reduced RdDM activity. Therefore, we propose that DNA hypomethylation during strawberry ripening is caused by diminished RdDM activity. Finally, hundreds of ripening-related genes displayed altered expression that was associated with, and thus potentially regulated by, DNA hypomethylation during ripening. Our findings provide new insight into the DNA methylation dynamics during the ripening of non-climateric fruit and reveal a novel function of RdDM in regulating an important process in plant development.
2018-11-13 | GSE113084 | GEO
Project description:Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a typical climacteric fruit, undergoing massive physico-chemical changes during ripening. Although papaya is widely cultivated and consumed, few studies have characterized the variations in metabolism during its ripening process at the proteasome level. Using an integrated approach involving Tandem Mass Tag labeling and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, proteomes of papaya fruit at different ripening stages were investigated. A total of 3220 proteins were identified, of which 2818 were quantified. The differential accumulated proteins (DAPs) exhibited various biological functions and diverse subcellular localizations. Among the DEPs, most of the pathogen defense-related proteins were down-regulated, suggesting that disease resistance decreased during the ripening process. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that various metabolic pathways were significantly altered, particularly in flavonoid and fatty acid metabolisms. The up-regulation of several flavonoid biosynthesis-related proteins may provide more raw materials for pigment biosynthesis, accelerating the color variation of papaya fruit. Thus, variations in the fatty acid metabolism-related enzymes were investigated. For example, a lipoxygenase, which catalyzes the conversion of ACC to ethylene, was significantly induced, suggesting a cross-talk between the lipoxygenase-mediated fatty acid metabolism and the hormone-controlled fruit ripening in papaya. Furthermore, the contents of several important fatty acids were determined, and increased unsaturated fatty acids may be associated with papaya fruit volatile formation. Our data may give an intrinsic explanation of the variations in metabolism during the ripening process of papaya fruit and serve as a comprehensive resource for investigating the regulation mechanism involved.
2019-11-12 | PXD008871 | Pride
Project description:Background: Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a commercially important crop that produces climacteric fruits with a soft and sweet pulp that contain a wide range of health promoting phytochemicals. Despite its importance, little is known about transcriptional modifications during fruit ripening and its control. In this study we report the analysis of ripe papaya transcriptome by using a cross-species (XSpecies) microarray technique based on the phylogenetic proximity between papaya and Arabidopsis thaliana. Results: Papaya transcriptome analyses resulted in the identification of 414 ripening-related genes and some of them had their expression validated by qPCR. The transcription profile was then compared with that from ripening tomato and grape. Overall, the transcriptomics analysis revealed many similarities between ripening in papaya and tomato especially with respect to primary metabolism, regulation of transcription, biotic and abiotic stress and cell wall metabolism. XSpecies microarray data indicate that transcription factors (TFs) of the MADS-box, NAC and AP2/ERF gene families are involved in the control of papaya ripening and reveal that cell wall-related gene expression in papaya showed similarities to the expression profiles seen in A. thaliana during hypocotyl development. Conclusion: The cross-species array experiment was successful in identifying ripening-related genes in papaya. The data indicated common and diverse elements of transcription control between fruit bearing taxa and has also indicated a possible distinct co-evolutionary mechanism for papaya cell wall disassembling system. The present study represents new topics for future researches that would help complement the structural genomic data provided by the papaya genome, since there is no gene-chip available for this plant organism.
2012-05-25 | GSE38105 | GEO
Project description:Tomato fruit ripening is under the control of ethylene as well as a group of ethylene-independent transcription factors, including NON-RIPENING (NOR) and RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN). During ripening, the linear carotene lycopene accumulates at the expense of cyclic carotenoids. Fruit-specific overexpression of LYCOPENE β-CYCLASE (LCYb) under the control of the PHYTOENE DESATURASE (PDS) promoter resulted in increased levels of β-carotene and ABA and in decreased ethylene levels. Genes regulated by ABA, or involved in its synthesis and signaling, were overexpressed, while those associated with ethylene and cell wall remodeling were repressed. In agreement with the transcriptional data, LCYb-overexpressing fruits exhibited increased density of cell wall material containing linear, under-methylated pectins and displayed an array of additional ripening phenotypes, including delayed softening, increased turgor, enhanced shelf life and a thicker cuticle with a higher content of cutin monomers and triterpenoids. The levels of several primary metabolites and phenylpropanoids also changed in the transgenics, which could be attributed to delayed fruit ripening and to ABA respectively. Network correlation analysis suggests that ABA, acting through NOR and RIN, is responsible for many of the above phenotypes. These data reinforce suggestions that ABA plays an important role in tomato fruit ripening and provide clues that fruit b-carotene, acting as a precursor for ABA, actively participates in controlling the ripening process rather than merely being an output thereof. Overexpression of a LCYb gene from Arabidopsis under the control of the ripening-associated PDS promoter leads to ripe tomato fruits accumulating high β-carotene levels. Using several independent transgenic lines, we conducted a system-wide study of the effect of increased β-carotene levels on tomato fruit ripening and shelf life. Our data suggest that β-carotene, acting through ABA, is involved in a regulatory loop within the network controlling tomato fruit ripening.
2020-01-01 | GSE108415 | GEO
Project description:The tomato MADS-box FRUITFULL (FUL) homologs, FUL1 and FUL2, interact with the main ripening regulator RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN). To clarify their role in fruit ripening, we generated FUL1/FUL2-suppressed transgenic lines by RNAi. We found that five transgenic lines bearing fruits that did not ripen normally: lycopene accumulation and increase of ethylene production were severely inhibited. We then performed next generation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the fruits of a FUL1/FUL2-suppressed line (TF18) with those of the wild type (Ailsa Craig cultivar; AC) and rin mutant. The comparison of RNA-Seq data among them indicated that FUL1/FUL2-suppression significantly affected the expression of a larger portion of ripening-induced and -repressed genes than the rin mutation did. Moreover, the effect of FUL1/FUL2-suppression was observed not only in the fruits harvested at the wild type ripening age [45 days after pollination (DAP)] but also in those at the pre-ripening age (35 DAP). This suggests that the FUL homologs play an essential role in the regulation of fruit development and ripening, the role which covers a wider range of biological processes than RIN does. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the wild type and TF18 fruits included known ripening-related genes such as ACS2 and ACS4 involved in ethylene production and PSY1 in carotenoid biosynthesis, consistent with the phenotype of TF18 fruits described above. The DEGs also included many direct RIN target genes, which supports the hypothesis that the FUL homologs regulate fruit ripening in a form of MADS-box complex with RIN. mRNA profiles of wild type (Ailsa Craig cultivar), rin mutant and FUL1/FUL2-suppressed tomato fruits harvested at 35DAP and 45 DAP were generated by next generation sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina Hiseq2000.
2014-06-23 | E-GEOD-49289 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The tomato MADS-box FRUITFULL (FUL) homologs, FUL1 and FUL2, interact with the main ripening regulator RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN). To clarify their role in fruit ripening, we generated FUL1/FUL2-suppressed transgenic lines by RNAi. We found that five transgenic lines bearing fruits that did not ripen normally: lycopene accumulation and increase of ethylene production were severely inhibited. We then performed next generation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the fruits of a FUL1/FUL2-suppressed line (TF18) with those of the wild type (Ailsa Craig cultivar; AC) and rin mutant. The comparison of RNA-Seq data among them indicated that FUL1/FUL2-suppression significantly affected the expression of a larger portion of ripening-induced and -repressed genes than the rin mutation did. Moreover, the effect of FUL1/FUL2-suppression was observed not only in the fruits harvested at the wild type ripening age [45 days after pollination (DAP)] but also in those at the pre-ripening age (35 DAP). This suggests that the FUL homologs play an essential role in the regulation of fruit development and ripening, the role which covers a wider range of biological processes than RIN does. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the wild type and TF18 fruits included known ripening-related genes such as ACS2 and ACS4 involved in ethylene production and PSY1 in carotenoid biosynthesis, consistent with the phenotype of TF18 fruits described above. The DEGs also included many direct RIN target genes, which supports the hypothesis that the FUL homologs regulate fruit ripening in a form of MADS-box complex with RIN.
2014-06-23 | GSE49289 | GEO
Project description:[original title] Understanding the complexity of fruit ripening by transcriptome analysis of rin mutant fruit and in silico analysis of promoters of differentially regulated genes A tomato MADS-box transcription factor, LeMADS-RIN, controls fruit ripening and mutation in this gene results in non-ripening phenotype of fruit. This mutation down-regulates certain ripening related ethylene responses, however, other ethylene responses are normal. A complete understanding of this mutation and its effect on fruit transcriptome during ripening is not clear. In this study, microarray analysis has been used to investigate the influence of rin mutation on fruit transcriptome at different stages of ripening. A total of 2,398 genes were found to be differentially expressed in wild type fruit pericarp, which on cluster analysis indicated a major shift in their expression profiles in rin mutant fruit. A total of 1,802 genes were found to be differentially expressed between wild type and rin mutant fruits and 17% of these genes encoded regulatory elements, suggesting that mutation in LeMADS-RIN results in disturbance in the regulatory transcriptional networks during ripening. Since LeMADS-RIN has been reported to bind to the CArG box of LeACS2 promoter, in-silico analysis of 51 putative promoter sequences of the genes, that showed ripening associated up-regulation in wild type but showed impairment in up-regulation in rin mutant fruit during ripening, were searched for presence of CArG box along with ethylene and auxin responsive elements. The study revealed that only 24 putative promoter sequences harbor LeMADS-RIN specific CArG box suggesting an alternative mode of regulation by LeMADS-RIN for CArG box deficient genes. Three chronological stages of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) fruit ripening were compared between wild type and rin mutant
2012-02-29 | E-GEOD-20720 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Purpose: The goals of this study was to provide genome-wide data to investigate the molecular mechanism of the interaction between ABA and ethylene during tomato fruit ripening Methods: Regarding the fruits sampled at the 9th day as a well-characterized stage, we used RNA-seq to conducted a comparative analysis of exogenous ABA and NDGA effects on all components involved in biosynthesis and signaling of ethylene and ABA.The identified crucial genes in response to ABA were further performed a ripening time-course analysis by RT-PCR. In addition, we also detected how ethylene affected ABA action at the onset of ripening by treating the fruits with 1-MCP immediately after ABA application. Results: Our study not only illustrated how ABA regulated itself at the transcription level, but also elucidated that ABA can facilitate ethylene production and response by regulating some crucial genes such as LeACS4, LeACO1 and LeETR6 etc. In addition, investigation on the fruits treated with 1-MCP immediately after ABA exposure revealed that ethylene might be essential for the induction of ABA biosynthesis and signaling at the onset of fruit ripening. Furthermore, some specific transcription factors (TFs) known as regulators of ethylene synthesis and sensibility (e.g. MADS-RIN, TAGL1, CNR and NOR etc.) were also observed to be ABA responsive, which implied that ABA influenced ethylene action possibly through the regulation of these TFs expression. Conclusions: Our data suggested that ABA may act as an upstream regulator to modulate ethylene synthesis and signal transduction, which consequently influenced the ripening process. This comprehensive survey not only demonstrated how ABA regulated itself at the molecular level, but also indicated that ABA had a positive impact on ethylene production and action by regulating key genes such as LeACS2, LeACS4, LeACO1 and LeETR6. Besides, our results also revealed that ethylene might be of great importance to induce ABA accumulation and response at the onset of ripening. Moreover, many ripening related TFs, such as MADS-RIN, TAGL1, CNR and NOR, were observed to be affected by ABA, implying that a TF-mediated manner may be involved in the interaction between ABA and ethylene. This study extends our understanding of the mechanism that how ABA-triggered tomato fruit ripening, and illustrates the complex mechanism of reciprocity between ABA and ethylene at the transcription level.
2017-02-11 | GSE75276 | GEO