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The chromatin architecture at glucocorticoid-induced genes PER1 and IRAK3

ABSTRACT: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential steroid hormones that regulate the immune system. GCs have been widely used to treat various inflammation disorders and auto-immune diseases, due to their potent immune repression properties.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE117057 | GEO | 2019/03/03

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The epigenome and glucocorticoid receptor binding of human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages with or without glucocorticoid treatment

Project description:Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential steroid hormones that regulate the immune system. GCs have been widely used to treat various inflammation disorders and auto-immune diseases due to their potent immune suppressive properties.

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Project description:Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most effective anti-inflammatory drugs in current clinical settings, yet their genomic modes of action are poorly understood. GCs bind to the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR), which acts as a transcription factor to control gene expression in the immune system. Understanding the molecular mechanism that delineates gene repression of pro-inflammatory target genes from gene activation of metabolic genes will help to improve GC therapy and overcome adverse effects.

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Comparison of cellular and transcriptional responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and glucocorticoids in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Project description:Glucocorticoids (GC) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3) are steroid hormones with anti-inflammatory properties with enhanced effects when combined. We previously showed that transcriptional response to GCs was correlated with inter-individual and inter-ethnic cellular response. Here, we profiled cellular and transcriptional responses to 1,25(OH)2 D3 from the same donors. We studied cellular response to combined treatment with GCs and 1,25(OH)2 D3 in a subset of individuals least responsive to GCs. We found that combination treatment had significantly greater inhibition of proliferation than with either steroid hormone alone. Overlapping differentially expressed (DE) genes between the two hormones were enriched for adaptive and innate immune processes. Non-overlapping differentially expressed genes with 1,25(OH)2 D3 treatment were enriched for pathways involving the electron transport chain, while with GC treatment, non-overlapping genes were enriched for RNA-related processes. These results suggest that 1,25(OH)2 D3 enhances GC anti-inflammatory properties through a number of shared and non-shared transcriptionally-mediated pathways. Total RNA was obtained from aliquots of peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3) for 8 and 24 hours. These data were analyzed together with previously published data from expression analysis of PBMC aliquots collected in parallel to these and treated with dexamethasone or vehicle (EtOH).

2013-08-21 | E-GEOD-50012 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Comparison of cellular and transcriptional responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and glucocorticoids in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

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Genetic mapping with multiple levels of phenotypic information reveals new determinants of lymphocyte glucocorticoid sensitivity

Project description:Clinical response to glucocorticoids (GCs), steroid hormones widely used as pharmaceuticals, varies extensively, with many patients (~30%) showing a weak response to treatment. Although little is known about the molecular basis of this variation, regulatory polymorphisms are likely to play a key role as GCs act largely through activation of a transcription factor, the GC receptor. In an effort to characterize the molecular basis of variation in GC sensitivity, we measured in vitro lymphocyte GC sensitivity (LGS) and transcriptome-wide response to GCs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from African-American healthy donors. We found that variation in LGS was correlated with transcriptional response at 27 genes (FDR<0.1). Furthermore, a genome-wide association scan revealed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for LGS (rs11129354, P=4x10-8) that was also associated with transcriptional response at multiple genes, including many (14 of 27) where transcriptional response was correlated with LGS. Using allelic imbalance assays, we show that this QTL is a GC-dependent cis-regulatory polymorphism for RBMS3, which encodes an RNA-binding protein known as a tumor suppressor. We found that siRNA-mediated knockdown of RBMS3 expression increases cellular proliferation in PBMCs, consistent with the role of the gene as a negative regulator of proliferation. We propose that differences in LGS reflect variation in transcriptional response, which are influenced by a GC-dependent regulatory polymorphism that acts in cis relative to RBMS3 and in trans to affect the transcriptional response of multiple distant genes. Total RNA was obtained from paired aliquots of peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with dexamethasone and phytohemagglutinin, vehicle (EtOH) and phytohemagglutinin, or blank (no treatment) for 6 hours.

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Epigenetic mechanisms underlie the crosstalk between growth factors and a steroid hormone [RNA polymerase ChIP-Seq]

Project description:Growth factors (GFs) suppression by steroid hormones recurs in embryology and is co-opted in pathology. While studying mammary cell migration, which is stimulated by GFs and antagonized by glucocorticoids (GCs), we found that GCs inhibit positive feedback loops activated by GFs and stimulate the reciprocal negative loops. Although no alterations in DNA methylation accompany the transcriptional events instigated by either stimulus, forced demethylation of distal regions broadened the repertoire of inducible genes. Our data indicate that the crosstalk involve transcription factors like p53 and NF-kB, along with reduced pausing (and traveling) of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) at the promoters (and bodies) of GF-inducible genes. In addition, while GFs hyper-acetylated chromatin at unmethylated promoters and enhancers of genes involved in motility, GCs hypo-acetylated the corresponding regions. In conclusion, stably unmethylated genomic regions that encode feedback regulatory modules and differentially recruit RNAPII and acetylases/deacetylases underlie suppression of growth factor signaling by glucocorticoids.

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