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The Arabis alpina APETALA2 orthologue delays flowering by repressing floral meristem identity genes during vernalization

ABSTRACT: PEP2 regulates flowering in response to vernalization in a PEP1 -dependent and PEP1-independent pathway

ORGANISM(S): Arabis alpina

PROVIDER: GSE117977 | GEO | 2019/02/27

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The Arabis alpina APETALA2 orthologue delays flowering by repressing floral meristem identity genes during vernalization

Project description:The Arabis alpina APETALA2 orthologue delays flowering by repressing floral meristem identity genes during vernalization

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RNAseq analysis of Arabis alpina buds in the dormant zone (V2) and buds in the growing zone (V3) at the end of vernalization (+0) and 5 days later (+5d)

Project description:Arabis alpina, similar to woody perennials, has a complex architecture with a zone of axillary vegetative branches and a zone of dormant buds that serve as perennating organs. We show that floral development during vernalization is the key for shaping the dormant bud zone by facilitating a synchronized and rapid growth after vernalization and thereby causing an increase in auxin transport, response and endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels in the stem. Floral development during vernalization is associated with the development of axillary buds in subapical nodes. Our transcriptome analysis indicated that these buds are not dormant during vernalization but only reach sustained growth after the return to warm temperatures. Floral and subapical vegetative branches grow after vernalization and inhibit the development of the buds below. Dormancy in these buds is regulated across the A. alpina life cycle by low temperatures and by apical dominance in a BRANCHED 1 dependent mechanism.

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Mechanisms of age-dependent response to winter temperature in perennial flowering of Arabis alpina.

Project description:Transcriptomic profile of Arabis alpina apex enriched material. We compared apices from plants grown for 2 weeks in long days (20M-BM-0C) (juvenile) with apices from plants grown for 8 weeks in long days (20M-BM-0C) (adult) and apices from plants grown for 2 weeks and then shifted in vernalization for 4 weeks with apices from plants grown for 8 weeks and than shifted to vernalization for 4 weeks. 2x2 factorial design. 2 starting ages (2 weeks and 8 weeks) and 2 developmental conditions (before and after vernalization). 4 biological replicates for each condition (16 arrays). Reference: pool of the 16 arrays.

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Mechanisms of age-dependent response to winter temperature in perennial flowering of Arabis alpina.

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APETALA2‐like transcription factor in shoot architecture and perennial traits

Project description:Polycarpic perennials maintain vegetative growth after ﬂowering. PERPETUAL FLOWERING 1 (PEP1), the orthologue of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) inArabis alpina regulates ﬂowering and contributes to polycarpy in a vernalisation-dependent pathway. pep1 mutants do not require vernalisation to ﬂower and have reduced return to vegetative growth as all of their axillary branches become reproductive. To identify additional genes that regulate ﬂowering and contribute to perennial traits we performed an enhancer screen of pep1. Using mapping-by-sequencing, we cloned a mutant (enhancer of pep1-055, eop055), performed transcriptome analysis and physiologically characterised the role it plays on perennial traits in an introgression line carrying the eop055 mutation and a functional PEP1 wild-type allele. eop055 ﬂowers earlier than pep1 and carries a lesion in the A. alpina orthologue of the APETALA2 (AP2)-like gene, TARGET OF EAT2 (AaTOE2). AaTOE2 is a ﬂoral repressor and acts upstream of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 5 (AaSPL5). In the wild-type background, which requires cold treatment to ﬂower, AaTOE2 regulates the age-dependent response to vernalisation. In addition, AaTOE2 ensures the maintenance of vegetative growth by delaying axillary meristem initiation and repressing ﬂowering of axillary buds before and during cold exposure. We conclude that AaTOE2 is instrumental in ﬁne tuning different developmental traits in the perennial life cycle of A. alpina.

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