Expression data from HEK293T cells
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE117984 | GEO | 2018/08/02
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Activation of the STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) pathway by microbial or self-DNA, as well as cyclic di nucleotides (CDN), results in the induction of numerous genes that suppress pathogen replication and facilitate adaptive immunity. However, sustained gene transcription is rigidly prevented to avoid lethal STING-dependent pro-inflammatory disease by mechanisms that remain unknown. We demonstrate here that after autophagy-dependent STING delivery of TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1) to endosomal/lysosomal compartments and activation of transcription factors IRF3 (interferon regulatory factors 3) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa beta), that STING is subsequently phosphorylated by serine/threonine UNC-51-like kinase (ULK1/ATG1) and IRF3 function is suppressed. ULK1 activation occurred following disassociation from its repressor adenine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), and was elicited by CDN’S generated by the cGAMP synthase, cGAS. Thus, while CDN’s may initially facilitate STING function, they subsequently trigger negative-feedback control of STING activity, thus preventing the persistent transcription of innate immune genes. Total RNA obtained from primary STING deficient mouse embryonic fibroblast reconstituted with mSTING (W), S365A variant (A), or S365D variant (D). These cells were transfected with dsDNA (ISD) for 3 hours.
2013-10-10 | E-GEOD-51199 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Innate DNA sensing via the cGAS-STING pathway surveys both microbial invasion and cellular damage, constituting a ubiquitous mechanism for host defense and tissue homeostasis. However, very little is known about the signaling mechanism(s) and physiological impacts downstream of cGAS-STING signaling and independent of the classical TBK1-IRF3-IFN cascade. Here, we identified an unrecognized STING-PERK-eIF2α signaling axis that was specific and controlled cap-dependent translation, a fundamental cellular process. STING, upon activation by 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), robustly bound and directly activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-located kinase PERK, and this process was upstream of IRF3 activation and independent of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and TBK1/IKKε. Innate DNA sensing suppressed global translation programs but selectively ensured the activation of some pathways by PERK-mediated eIF2α phosphorylation and the rapid regulation of protein synthesis, enabling translational modulation of immune responses. Notably, the STING-PERK-eIF2α axis is an evolutionarily primitive component of STING-TBKI-IRF3-IFN signaling and is physiologically critical in pulmonary and renal fibrosis as well as in the regulation of cellular senescence. Therefore, these findings establish the first noncanonical pathway of the cGAS-STING mechanism and demonstrate the physiological importance of this STING-triggered selective translation, which we propose as a promising therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases.
2024-01-18 | GSE165123 | GEO
Project description:Innate DNA sensing via the cGAS-STING pathway surveys both microbial invasion and cellular damage, constituting a ubiquitous mechanism for host defense and tissue homeostasis. However, very little is known about the signaling mechanism(s) and physiological impacts downstream of cGAS-STING signaling and independent of the classical TBK1-IRF3-IFN cascade. Here, we identified an unrecognized STING-PERK-eIF2α signaling axis that was specific and controlled cap-dependent translation, a fundamental cellular process. STING, upon activation by 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), robustly bound and directly activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-located kinase PERK, and this process was upstream of IRF3 activation and independent of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and TBK1/IKKε. Innate DNA sensing suppressed global translation programs but selectively ensured the activation of some pathways by PERK-mediated eIF2α phosphorylation and the rapid regulation of protein synthesis, enabling translational modulation of immune responses. Notably, the STING-PERK-eIF2α axis is an evolutionarily primitive component of STING-TBKI-IRF3-IFN signaling and is physiologically critical in pulmonary and renal fibrosis as well as in the regulation of cellular senescence. Therefore, these findings establish the first noncanonical pathway of the cGAS-STING mechanism and demonstrate the physiological importance of this STING-triggered selective translation, which we propose as a promising therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases.
2022-03-07 | GSE165910 | GEO
Project description:Activation of the STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) pathway by microbial or self-DNA, as well as cyclic di nucleotides (CDN), results in the induction of numerous genes that suppress pathogen replication and facilitate adaptive immunity. However, sustained gene transcription is rigidly prevented to avoid lethal STING-dependent pro-inflammatory disease by mechanisms that remain unknown. We demonstrate here that after autophagy-dependent STING delivery of TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1) to endosomal/lysosomal compartments and activation of transcription factors IRF3 (interferon regulatory factors 3) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa beta), that STING is subsequently phosphorylated by serine/threonine UNC-51-like kinase (ULK1/ATG1) and IRF3 function is suppressed. ULK1 activation occurred following disassociation from its repressor adenine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), and was elicited by CDN’S generated by the cGAMP synthase, cGAS. Thus, while CDN’s may initially facilitate STING function, they subsequently trigger negative-feedback control of STING activity, thus preventing the persistent transcription of innate immune genes.
2013-10-10 | GSE51199 | GEO
Project description:Background: In contrast to HIV-1, lentiviruses of the HIV-2/SIVmac/SIVsmm lineage are capable of efficient replication in myeloid cells due to the presence of their accessory protein Vpx. Vpx has been shown to induce degradation of the dNTP triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1, which is a cellular restriction factor of lentiviral replication. Furthermore, Vpx is important for nuclear import of the viral pre-integration complex. To identify further functions of Vpx, we have analyzed the effect of Vpx on cellular gene expression in monocytes. Therefore, we performed whole genome microarray analysis of unstimulated primary human monocytes treated with SIV–based virus-like particles containing Vpx (VLP+Vpx) or lacking Vpx (VLP). Results: Comparison of the gene expression profiles of human monocytes treated with VLP+Vpx and VLP revealed that Vpx down-regulates various genes involved in innate immunity, in particular genes that are known to be regulated by the transcription factor NF-κB. Subsequent analysis of p65 nuclear translocation revealed that Vpx inhibits the VLP-induced activation of NF-κB. Counteraction of NF-κB was also obtained using Vpx mutants lacking the capacity to induce SAMHD1 degradation. Conclusions: Independent of its capacity to induce degradation of SAMHD1, Vpx is involved in regulation of cellular gene expression. In particular, Vpx is able to modulate innate immune responses through down-regulation of TLR-induced NF-κB activation. This points to a significant role of Vpx in the pathogenicity of SIV, as the lower pathogenicity of SIV compared to HIV-1 has been associated to lower innate immunity responses.
2014-06-28 | GSE48542 | GEO
Project description:DNA derived from the genetic material of pathogens or from cellular DNA damage provides a molecular pattern that can be sensed by pattern-recognition receptors of the mammalian innate immune system. In recent years, the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) protein has been characterized as a primary cytosolic DNA sensor during infection with bacteria, DNA viruses, or retroviruses. While the role of cGAS in downstream immune signaling through STING-TBK1-IRF3 proteins is well-defined, regulatory mechanisms of cGAS activity, such as through post-translational modifications (PTMs), are still an active area of research. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization of cGAS phosphorylations and acetylations in three different cell types. Data-dependent proteomic analyses of immunoaffinity purified cGAS was performed in HEK293T cells under control and DNA-challenged conditions (N = 3 each) and human fibroblasts (HFF) cells under control and HSV-1 infected conditions (N = 4 each) to generate candidate cGAS PTM sites. Using parallel reaction monitoring, a total of 11 PTMs (4 phosphorylations and 7 acetylations) were validated in HEK293T, HFF, and THP-1 cells. Of these, 3 phosphorylations and 5 acetylations have not been previously identified. The functions of these modifications were by generating a series of mutants and measuring cGAS-dependent apoptotic and immune signaling activities.
2020-05-11 | PXD017109 | Pride
Project description:The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizes Y-form cDNA of HIV-1 and initiate the antiviral immune response through cGAS–STING–TBK1–IRF3–type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling cascade. HIV-1 uses several strategies to interfere with the host immune molecules and mediate immune evasion. However, the potential role of HIV-1 proteins in cGAS–STING signaling remains unclear. Here we report that the HIV-1 protein p6 suppresses HIV-1-stimulated expression of IFN-I and promotes the immune evasion. Mechanistically, p6 bound with STING and inhibited the activation of STING and the interaction between STING and TBK1. Moreover, the glutamylation of p6 at Glu6 residue inhibited the interaction between STING and TRIM32 or AMFR, which subsequently suppressed the K27- and K63-linked polyubiquitination of STING at Lys337, therefore inhibited STING activation and type I IFN production, while the mutation of Glu6 residue lost the inhibitory effect. However, CoCl2, an agonist for cytosolic carboxypeptidases (CCPs), counteracted the glutamylation of Glu6 residue of p6 and promoted IFN-I production to block the immune evasion of HIV-1. These findings not only reveal a previously unknown mechanism through which an HIV-1 protein mediate immune evasion, but also provide a new therapeutic drug candidate to treat HIV-1 infection.
2021-11-25 | GSE189384 | GEO
Project description:Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a critical disease, often complicated with multiple organ dysfunction, which seriously endangeres the life safety of patients. Previous studies have shown that cGAS-STING signaling pathway is significantly activated in mice with severe acute pancreatitis. In this study, we studied the gene expression in different tissues of normal mice and SAP mice to understand the differentially expressed genes and find the downstream genes of cGAS-STING signaling pathway.
2023-11-01 | GSE244335 | GEO
Project description:In this study, cisplatin activated cGAS-STING signal pathway and deficiency of STING attenuated cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, STING-TNF-α-AP-1 axis contributed to cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity by triggering cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
2021-08-12 | GSE181749 | GEO
Project description:Type I interferon (IFN) signalling is tightly controlled. Upon recognition of DNA by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), stimulator of interferon genes (STING) translocates along the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi axis to induce IFN signalling. Afterwards, signal termination is achieved through autophagic degradation of STING, or STING recycling by retrograde COPI-mediated transport. Here we identify the GTPase ARF1 as a negative regulator of cGAS-STING signaling. Heterozygous ARF1 missense mutations cause a novel type I interferonopathy associated with enhanced IFN stimulated gene production. Expression of patient-derived, GTPase-defective, ARF1 in cell lines and primary cells results in increased cGAS-STING dependent type I IFN signalling. Mechanistically, mutated ARF1 both induces activation of cGAS by aberrant mitochondrial DNA, and promotes accumulation of active STING at the Golgi/ERGIC due to defective COPI retrograde transport. Our data establish ARF1 as a key factor in cGAS-STING homeostasis, which is required to maintain mitochondrial integrity and promote STING recycling.
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