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A core set of venom proteins are secreted by entomopathogenic nematodes in the genus Steinernema

ABSTRACT: We investigated the transcriptional profiles of individual Stienernema feltiae nematodes from in vivo infections and compared them to the profiles of individuals exposed to insect tissue in vitro.

ORGANISM(S): Steinernema feltiae

PROVIDER: GSE119223 | GEO | 2018/11/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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A core set of venom proteins is released by entomopathogenic nematodes in the genus Steinernema.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC6513111 | biostudies-literature

A core set of venom proteins are secreted by entomopathogenic nematodes in the genus Steinernema

Project description:A core set of venom proteins are secreted by entomopathogenic nematodes in the genus Steinernema

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Activated entomopathogenic nematode infective juveniles release lethal venom proteins

Project description:Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are unique parasitic nematodes due to their symbiosis with entomopathogenic bacteria and their ability to kill insect hosts quickly after infection. Although it has been widely believed that EPNs rely on their bacterial partners for killing insect hosts, compelling evidence from previous studies challenges this model. We developed an improved method of activating millions of Steinernema carpocapsae infective juveniles (IJs) in vitro to harvest excreted/secreted (ES) proteins for bioactivity tests and proteomics analysis. We found that a low dose of the ES proteins from early activated nematodes is lethal to Drosophila melanogaster adults within 2-6 hours. We analyzed the protein composition of this venom using mass spectrometry and identified 472 proteins. Many of these venom proteins share high homology with those of vertebrate-parasitic nematodes. Among many different families of proteins found in the venom, proteases and protease inhibitors are especially abundant. Some toxin-related proteins such as Shk domain-containing proteins were also detected. We further analyzed the transcriptomes of individual non-activated IJs and nematodes that were activated in vitro and in vivo, which revealed a dramatic shift in gene expression during IJ activation. By comparing the whole transcriptomes and the genes encoding venom proteins between the in vitro and in vivo activated nematodes, we confirmed that the in vitro activation is a good approximation of the in vivo process. In summary, our findings strongly support a new model that S. carpocapsae and likely other Steinernema EPNs have a more active role in contributing to the pathogenicity of the nematode-bacterium complex than simply relying on their symbiotic bacteria. Furthermore, we propose that EPNs are a good model system for investigating vertebrate- and human-parasitic nematodes, especially regarding the function of ES products.

2017-03-27 | GSE89961 | GEO

The Drosophila immune response towards entomopathogenic nematodes and their associated bacteria.

Project description:Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the genera Heterorhabditis are obligate and lethal insect parasites. In recent years they have been used increasingly as biological control agents. These EPNs are symbiotically associated with bacteria of the genera Photorhabdus. The bacterial symbionts are essential to kill the host (within 24-48 hours) and digest its tissues to provide nutrients for themselves as well for expanding nematodes. Drosophila larvae are suitable insect hosts and part of the tripartite model system we used before to show the importance of haemolymph clotting and eicosanoids during the infection. We used the well-established tripartite model (Drosophila, nematodes, bacteria), DNA chips and bioinformatic tools to compare gene expression in non-infected and infected fly larvae. We focused on the early time point of nematode infection and therefore infected Drosophila larvae using H. bacteriophora harbouring GFP-labelled P. luminescens bacteria. Infected (GFP positive) larvae were collected 6 hours after infection.

2014-03-07 | E-MTAB-1542 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Hybrid assembly of the genome of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae identifies the X-chromosome.

Project description:Entomopathogenic nematodes from the genus Steinernema are lethal insect parasites that quickly kill their insect hosts with the help of their symbiotic bacteria. Steinernema carpocapsae is one of the most studied entomopathogens due to its broad lethality to diverse insect species and its effective commercial use as a biological control agent for insect pests, as well as a genetic model for studying parasitism, pathogenesis, and symbiosis. In this study, we used long-reads from the Pacific Biosciences platform and BioNano Genomics Irys system to assemble the best genome of S. carpocapsae ALL strain to date, comprising 84.5 Mb in 16 scaffolds, with an N50 of 7.36Mb. The largest scaffold, with 20.9Mb, was identified as chromosome X based on sex-specific genome sequencing. The high level of contiguity allowed us to characterize gene density, repeat content, and GC content. RNA-seq data from 17 developmental stages, spanning from embryo to adult, were used to predict 30,957 gene models. Using this new genome, we performed a macrosyntenic analysis to Caenorhabditis elegans and Pristionchus pacificus and found S. carpocapsae’s chromosome X to be primarily orthologous to C. elegans’ and P. pacificus’ chromosome II and IV. We also investigated the expansion of protein families and gene expression differences between male and female stage nematodes. This new genome and more accurate set of annotations provide a foundation for new comparative genomic and gene expression studies within the Steinernema clade and across the Nematode phylum.

2019-03-06 | GSE127823 | GEO

Steinernema carpocapsae Breton small RNA sequencing insect in vitro simulation system, from "The genome, transcriptome, and proteome of the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae: evolutionary signatures of a pathogenic lifestyle"

Project description:We report small RNA sequencing of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. The nematodes were grown in liquid culture in homogenates of pig kidney/fat and infective juveniles were gathered. Then Galleria mellonella insect haemolymph was added to simulate insect infection, control nematodes weren't added haemolymph. Nematodes were collected after two hours after haemolymph addition.

2016-09-05 | GSE85256 | GEO

2016-09-05 | E-GEOD-85256 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RNA-Sequencing analysis of the Drosophila transcriptomic response to infection by entomopathogenic nematodes and their mutualistic bacteria

Project description:We report the application of next generation RNA sequencing to analyze the transcriptional response of Drosophila adult flies to infection by the insect pathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and their mutualistic bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens, either separately or together. We find that Heterorhabditis and Photorhabdus differentially modulate a large number of genes, many of which participate in metabolic functions, stress responses, repression of gene transcription and neuronal activities. We have also identified Drosophila genes with potential role in nematode recognition and others with putative anti-nematode properties. These findings generate novel insights into how the host immune function is shaped to respond against nematode parasites and their associated bacteria. Transcriptional profiles of Drosophila wild-type adult flies infected with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora carrying or lacking Photorhabdus or the bacteria alone were generated at 12 and 30 hours post infection using Illumina deep sequencing technology.

2015-09-12 | E-GEOD-61466 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RNA-Sequencing analysis of the Drosophila transcriptomic response to infection by entomopathogenic nematodes and their mutualistic bacteria

2015-09-12 | GSE61466 | GEO

RNA-seq of three Spodoptera frugiperda tissues (Midgut, Fat body, Hemocytes), at 2 time-points (8h and 15h) after infestation by entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae/Xenorhabdus nematophila

Project description:Nematodes such as Steinernema carpocapsae are used as organic pesticides because of their ability to prey on live insects. They do so thanks to their symbiotic bacteria, that they release within the hemocoel of insects. In this study we wanted to study how Spodoptera frugiperda, a Lepidoptera pest of crops becoming invasive around the world, defend themselves against the nematodes. We infested S. frugiperda larvae with nematodes and dissected three tissues: the midgut, the fat body and the hemocytes at two time-points: 8 h and 15 h after infestation. We performed single-end RNA-seq on these samples to study the tissue specificity of S. fru response, as well as its dynamic.

2019-12-03 | E-MTAB-7976 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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