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OGT binds a conserved C-terminal domain of TET1 to regulate TET1 activity and function in development

ABSTRACT: TET enzymes convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and higher oxidized derivatives. TETs stably associate with and are post-translationally modified by the nutrient-sensing enzyme OGT, suggesting a connection between metabolism and the epigenome. Here, we show for the first time that modification by OGT enhances TET1 activity in vitro. We identify a a domain of TET1 domain that is responsible necessary and sufficient for binding to OGT and report a point mutation that disrupts the TET1-OGT interaction. We show that the TET1-OGTthis interaction is necessary for TET1 to rescue hematopoetic stem cell production in tet mutant zebrafish embryos, suggesting that OGT promotes TET1’s function during development. Finally, we show that disrupting the TET1-OGT interaction in mouse embryonic stem cells changes the abundance of TET-containing high molecular weight complexesTET2 and 5-methylcytosine, which is accompanied by alterations in gene expression and causes widespread gene expression changes. These results link metabolism and epigenetic control, which may be relevant to the developmental and disease processes regulated by these two enzymes.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE119500 | GEO | 2018/11/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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TET2 and TET3 regulate GlcNAcylation and H3K4 methylation through OGT and SET1/COMPASS

Project description:TET proteins convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, an emerging dynamic epigenetic state of DNA that can influence transcription. Evidence has linked TET1 function to epigenetic repression complexes, yet mechanistic information, especially for the TET2 and TET3 proteins, remains limited. Here, we show a direct interaction of TET2 and TET3 with O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). OGT does not appear to influence hmC activity, rather TET2 and TET3 promote OGT activity. TET2/3-OGT co-localize on chromatin at active promoters enriched for H3K4me3 and reduction of either TET2/3 or OGT activity results in a direct decrease in H3K4me3 and concomitant decreased transcription. Further, we show that Host Cell Factor 1 (HCF1), a component of the H3K4 methyltransferase SET1/COMPASS complex, is a specific GlcNAcylation target of TET2/3-OGT, and modification of HCF1 is important for the integrity of SET1/COMPASS. Additionally, we find both TET proteins and OGT activity promote binding of the SET1/COMPASS H3K4 methyltransferase, SETD1A, to chromatin. Finally, studies in Tet2 knockout mouse bone marrow tissue extend and support the data as decreases are observed of global GlcNAcylation and also of H3K4me3, notably at several key regulators of haematopoiesis. Together, our results unveil a step-wise model, involving TET-OGT interactions, promotion of GlcNAcylation, and influence on H3K4me3 via SET1/COMPASS, highlighting a novel means by which TETs may induce transcriptional activation. ChIP-Seq experiments were performed on Illumina HiScanSQ sequencer in wild-type HEK293T cells for H3K4me3 histone marks, O-GlcNAc and HCF1, for HT-TET2, HT-TET3 and HT-OGT in HEK293T cells overexpressing those three fusion proteins and in TET2 Kd HEK293T cells for H3K4me3 histone marks. ChIP-Seqs were also performed in mouse bone marrow tissues for H3K4me3 histone marks, O-GlcNAc, endogenous Tet2 and in Tet2 Ko bone marrow tissues for H3K4me3 histone marks.

2013-02-07 | E-GEOD-36620 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Perturbation of the OGT-TET1 interaction in mouse embryonic stem cells (WGBS)

Project description:Whole genome bisulfite sequencing of wild type embryonic stem cells and cells bearing a mutation that perturbs the OGT-TET1 interaction

2018-10-29 | GSE119665 | GEO

Perturbation of the OGT-TET1 interaction in mouse embryonic stem cells (RNA-Seq)

Project description:RNA-seq of wild type embryonic stem cells and cells bearing a mutation that perturbs the OGT-TET1 interaction

2018-10-29 | GSE109540 | GEO

TET2 and TET3 regulate GlcNAcylation and H3K4 methylation through OGT and SET1/COMPASS

2013-02-07 | GSE36620 | GEO

TET1 interactome in mESCs (via ChIP-MS)

Project description:Precise regulation of DNA methylation in mammals is critical for genome stability and epigenetic regulation. The discovery of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins catalyzing the oxidation from 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) revolutionized the perspective on the complexity and regulation of DNA modifications. Despite accumulating knowledge about the role of TET1, it remains unclear to what extent these can be attributed to its catalytic activity. Here, we use genome engineering and quantitative multi-omics approaches to dissect the role and mechanism of TET1 in mESCs. Our study identifies TET1 as an essential interaction hub for multiple chromatin modifying complexes and as a global regulator of histone modifications. Strikingly, we find that the majority of transcriptional regulation depends on non-catalytic functions of TET1. Moreover, we show that the establishment of H3K9me3 and H4K20me3 at ERV1, ERVK, and ERVL is mediated by TET1 independent of DNA demethylation. We provide evidence that repression of endogenous retroviruses depends on the interaction between TET1 and SIN3A. In summary, we demonstrate that the non-catalytic functions of TET1 are critical for regulation of gene expression and the silencing of endogenous retroviruses in mESCs.

2022-08-31 | PXD028850 | Pride

Generation and molecular characterisation of transient tet1/2/3 zebrafish knockouts

Project description:5mC is extensively remodelled during vertebrate embryo development where a single cell must give rise to myriad different cell types and tissues with diverse 5mC patterns. 5mC can be remodelled through the catalytic action of Ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenases (TET1, TET2, TET3), which oxidise 5mC resulting in its removal from the genome. In vertebrates, TET enzymes facilitate DNA demethylation of regulatory regions linked to genes involved in important developmental processes. Consequently, TET ablation leads to major morphological defects and developmental arrest. Here we describe a system that can facilitate the study of relationships between TET enzymes, 5mC, and embryo development.

2020-04-28 | GSE149424 | GEO

Perturbation of the OGT-TET1 interaction in mouse embryonic stem cells

Project description:Perturbation of the OGT-TET1 interaction in mouse embryonic stem cells

| PRJNA489876 | ENA

Dissection of TET1 catalytic and non-catalytic functions reveals DNA demethylation independent gene and ERV regulation

Project description:Surveillance of DNA methylation in mammals is critical for genome stability and epigenetic regulation. The discovery of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins catalyzing the oxidation from 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) revolutionized the understanding of DNA methylation dynamics. Interestingly, in recent years evidence accumulated that TET1 also harbours non-catalytic functions. However, the role and mechanism of TET1 DNA demethylation independent functions still remain poorly understood. Here, we use genome engineering and quantitative multi-omics approaches to dissect the non-catalytic role of TET1. Strikingly, we find that the majority of transcriptional regulation depends on non-catalytic functions of TET1. To gain insights into possible mechanisms by which TET1 regulates transcription independent of DNA demethylation, we asked if the loss of TET1 is accompanied by changes in the histone modificaiton landscape. To this end, we compared the relative abundances of core histone modifications between Tet1 KO, Tet1 CM and WT mESCs using quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis. Surprisingly, we observed a profound global reduction of pH4Kac and H4K20me3 as well as H3K27me3 in Tet1 KO mESC. Vice versa, the monomethylation states of the latter two residues, H3K27me1 and H4K20me1 were significantly increased in Tet1 KO. Similar to the results from the transcriptome data, most of these changes were specific to Tet1 KO cells.

2022-08-11 | PXD028566 | Pride

Perturbation of the OGT-TET1 interaction in mouse embryonic stem cells (WGBS)

Project description:Perturbation of the OGT-TET1 interaction in mouse embryonic stem cells (WGBS)

| PRJNA489878 | ENA

Tet1 plays an essential oncogenic role in MLL-rearranged leukemia

Project description:TET1, the founding member of the TET family of enzymes (TET1/2/3) that convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), was first identified as a partner gene in MLL-rearranged leukemia, but its definitive pathological role in leukemia is unclear. The down-regulation of all three TET genes and loss-of-function mutations of TET2 have been frequently observed in various cancers, and it was thought that they all play tumor-suppressor roles in tumorigenesis. Here we show that TET1 is likely a direct target of MLL and significantly up-regulated in MLL-rearranged leukemia, associated with an increased level of 5hmC. Our further in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that Tet1 plays an indispensable oncogenic role in MLL-rearranged leukemia, through cooperating with MLL fusion proteins in regulating their co-targets including the Hoxa/Meis1/Pbx3/Flt3 genes. Our data delineate a MLL-fusion/Tet1/Hoxa/Meis1/Pbx3/Flt3 signaling axis in MLL-rearranged leukemia, and highlight TET1 as a potential therapeutic target in treating this presently therapy-resistant disease. We report genome-wide 5hmC enrichment profiles and RNA-Seq gene expression in MLL-AF9 transformed and control mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells. These 5hmC profiles are derived from selctive chemical labeling and enrichment of 5hmC containing genomic DNA fragments, while the RNA-Seq expression profiles are generated from polyA enriched RNA

2015-12-14 | E-GEOD-42990 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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