Project description:The Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is a signal regulated transcription factor, which is canonically activated by the direct binding of xenobiotics. In addition, switching cells from adherent to suspension culture also activates the AhR, representing a non-xenobiotic, physiological activation of AhR signaling. Here, we show that the AhR is recruited to target gene enhancers in both ligand (YH439) treated and suspension cells, suggesting a common mechanism of target gene induction between these two routes of AhR activation. However, gene expression profiles critically differ between xenobiotic and suspension activated AhR signaling. Por, and Cldnd1 were regulated predominately by ligand treatments, while in contrast, ApoER2 and Ganc were regulated predominately by the suspension condition. Classic xenobiotic metabolizing AhR targets such as Cyp1a1, Cyp1b1, and Nqo1 were regulated by both ligand and suspension conditions. Temporal expression patterns of AhR target genes were also found to vary, with examples of transient activation, transient repression, or sustained alterations in expression. Furthermore, sequence analysis coupled with ChIP assays and reporter gene analysis identified a functional XRE (xenobiotic response element) within the mouse Tiparp gene that features a concatemer of 4 XRE cores (GCGTG) residing in the first intron ~1.2kb downstream of the Tiparp transcription start site. Our data suggest that this XRE concatemer site concurrently regulates the expression of both Tiparp gene and its cis anti-sense non-coding RNA following ligand or suspension induced AhR activation. This work lends novel insights into how AhR signaling drives different transcriptional programs via the ligand versus suspension modes of activation. Reference: Murray IA et al. (2005) Evidence that ligand binding is a key determinant of Ah receptor-mediated transcriptional activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 442(1):59-71. Reference: Monk SA et al. (2001) Transient expression of CYP1A1 in rat epithelial cells cultured in suspension. Arch Biochem Biophys 393(1):154-162. Reference: Chua SW et atl. (2006) A novel normalization method for effective removal of systematic variation in microarray data. Nucleic acids research 34(5):e38.

Project description:The Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is a signal regulated transcription factor, which is canonically activated by the direct binding of xenobiotics. In addition, switching cells from adherent to suspension culture also activates the AhR, representing a non-xenobiotic, physiological activation of AhR signaling. Here, we show that the AhR is recruited to target gene enhancers in both ligand (YH439) treated and suspension cells, suggesting a common mechanism of target gene induction between these two routes of AhR activation. However, gene expression profiles critically differ between xenobiotic and suspension activated AhR signaling. Por, and Cldnd1 were regulated predominately by ligand treatments, while in contrast, ApoER2 and Ganc were regulated predominately by the suspension condition. Classic xenobiotic metabolizing AhR targets such as Cyp1a1, Cyp1b1, and Nqo1 were regulated by both ligand and suspension conditions. Temporal expression patterns of AhR target genes were also found to vary, with examples of transient activation, transient repression, or sustained alterations in expression. Furthermore, sequence analysis coupled with ChIP assays and reporter gene analysis identified a functional XRE (xenobiotic response element) within the mouse Tiparp gene that features a concatemer of 4 XRE cores (GCGTG) residing in the first intron ~1.2kb downstream of the Tiparp transcription start site. Our data suggest that this XRE concatemer site concurrently regulates the expression of both Tiparp gene and its cis anti-sense non-coding RNA following ligand or suspension induced AhR activation. This work lends novel insights into how AhR signaling drives different transcriptional programs via the ligand versus suspension modes of activation. Reference: Murray IA et al. (2005) Evidence that ligand binding is a key determinant of Ah receptor-mediated transcriptional activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 442(1):59-71. Reference: Monk SA et al. (2001) Transient expression of CYP1A1 in rat epithelial cells cultured in suspension. Arch Biochem Biophys 393(1):154-162. Reference: Chua SW et atl. (2006) A novel normalization method for effective removal of systematic variation in microarray data. Nucleic acids research 34(5):e38. 18 microarray samples consisting of AhR null and reconstituted hepatocytes subjected to 10M-NM-<M YH439, 0.1% DMSO carrier control or grown in suspension culture for 8 hours in 3 biologial replicates.

Project description:Changes in gravitational force such as that experienced by astronauts during space flight induce a redistribution of fluids from the caudad to the cephalad portion of the body together with an elimination of normal head-to-foot hydrostatic pressure gradients. To assess brain gene profile changes associated with microgravity and fluid shift, a large-scale analysis of mRNA expression levels was performed in the brains of 2 weeks control and hindlimb-unloaded (HU) mice using cDNA microarrays. Although to different extent, all functional categories displayed significantly regulated genes indicating that considerable transcriptomic alterations are induced by HU. Interestingly, the TIC class (transport of small molecules and ions into the cells) had the highest percentage of up-regulated genes, while the most down-regulated genes were those of the JAE class (Cell junction, Adhesion, Extracellular Matrix). TIC genes comprised 16% of those whose expression was altered, including sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 beta (Scnn1b), glutamate receptor (Grin1), voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (Vdac1), calcium channel beta 3 subunit (Cacnb3) and others. The analysis performed by GeneMAPP revealed several altered protein classes and functional pathways such as blood coagulation and immune response, learning and memory, ion channels and cell junction. In particular, data indicate that HU causes an alteration in hemostasis which resolves in a shift toward a more hyper-coagulative state with an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Furthermore, HU treatment seems to impact on key steps of synaptic plasticity and learning processes. We used brains of four control (C1, C2, C3, C4) and four tail-suspended hindlimb-unloaded (E1, E2, E3, E4) mice to ensure statistical relevance of the study. 60 ug of total RNA extracted in TRIzol from each brain was reversed transcribed into labeled cDNAs using fluorescent Cy5 or Cy3-dUTP (Amersham Biosciences, NJ). Differently labeled cDNAs obtained from a pair of biological replicas were co-hybridized overnight at 50C with a microscope slide spotted with ~ 27,000 mouse cDNA sequences produced by the Microarray Core Facility of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the “multiple yellow” design (i.e.: C1C2, C3C4, E1E2, E3E4), described in Iacobas DA, Fan C, Iacobas S et al., Transcriptomic changes in developing kidney exposed to chronic hypoxia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 349(1):329-38).

Project description:Mass spectrometry-based proteomics was applied to unravel Erk signaling in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). A previously described engineered ESCs system for Erk induction via a drug-inducible cRAF-ErT2 fusion (Hamilton, W. B. & Brickman, J. M., Cell Rep 2014) was used in two different setups measuring the phosphoproteome in an 11-plex tandem mass tag (TMT)-based approach as described below. Fgf4 stimulation and MEK inhibition: ESCs were stimulated with Fgf4 (40 nM, recombinant, mouse, 5 minutes) following pretreatment (30 minutes) with either DMSO (1:10000) or MEK inhibition (MEKi: 1 microM PD0325901): The experimental treatment conditions and TMT11-plex labeling are specified below: 126: DMSO, unstimulated control replicate 1 127N: DMSO, unstimulated control replicate 2 127C: DMSO, unstimulated control replicate 3 128N: DMSO + Fgf4 replicate 1 128C: DMSO + Fgf4 replicate 2 129N: DMSO + Fgf4 replicate 3 129C: MEKi + Fgf4 replicate 1 130N: MEKi + Fgf4 replicate 2 130C: MEKi + Fgf4 replicate 3 131N: MEKi replicate 1 131C: MEKi replicate 2 Analog sensitive Erk2 setup: In the ESC system the ERK2-/- ESCs (Hamilton et al., PloS ONE, 2013) were engineered to stably express an inducible cRAF-ErT2 fusion protein expressed from the same transgene as a FLAG-tagged analogue sensitive Erk2Q103A. Erk1 was subsequently removed by CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis using sgRNAs flanking exon 2. Cells were pre-treated for 30 minutes with either the ATP-mimetic compound 1-NM-PP1 (2 microM) (Endo et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006), the Mek1 inhibitor PD0325901 (1 microM), or DMSO (0.01%), followed by induction or not of the cRAF-ErT2 fusion by (Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT) (250 nM) for 2 hours as indicated. The experimental treatment conditions and TMT11-plex labeling are specified below: 126: DMSO pretreatment, non-induced control, replicate 1 127N: DMSO pretreatment, non-induced control, replicate 2 127C: DMSO pretreatment, non-induced control, replicate 3 128N: DMSO pretreatment, 4OHT-induction, replicate 1 128C: DMSO pretreatment, 4OHT-induction, replicate 2 129N: DMSO pretreatment, 4OHT-induction, replicate 3 129C: PP1 pretreatment, 4OHT-induction, replicate 1 130N: PP1 pretreatment, 4OHT-induction, replicate 2 130C: PP1 pretreatment, 4OHT-induction, replicate 3 131N: MEKi pretreatment, 4OHT-induction, replicate 1 131C: MEKi pretreatment, 4OHT-induction, replicate 2

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SiRNAs 15-29 nucleotides long with 100 percent hit to Cocksfoot streak virus

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