Developmentally controlled expression of Cxcr4 by hematopoietic progenitors allows tracing of monocyte function in stroke
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE120701 | GEO | 2019/12/31
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Although most tissue macrophages are embryonically derived it is evident that circulating monocytes can compete for virtually any macrophage niche. Monocytes can thus become long-lived replacements of tissue macrophages that are indistinguishable from their embryonic counterparts, but the factors regulating this process are incompletely understood. To study niche competition in the CNS we depleted microglia with >95% efficiency using CX3CR1CreER/+R26DTA/+ mice and monitored long-term repopulation. The microglial niche was repopulated within weeks by a combination of local microglia proliferation giving rise to CX3CR1+F4/80lowClec12a– microglia, as well as infiltration of CX3CR1+F4/80hiClec12a+ macrophages. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that peripherally-derived macrophages arose directly from Ly6Chi monocytes without contribution from hematopoietic progenitors and was independent of BBB breakdown. After repopulation we sorted microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages and performed transcriptional, epigenetic (DNA methylation) and ex vivo functional profiling. This revealed that Ly6Chi monocytes upregulated microglia gene expression and adopted microglia DNA methylation signatures. However, in contrast to proliferating microglia, which rapidly regained their homeostatic gene signature, monocyte-derived macrophages retained a distinct gene signature associated with antigen presentation, interferon signaling and chemotaxis. This translated into functional changes in monocyte-derived macrophages, as demonstrated by differences in surface marker expression, phagocytosis and cytokine production. Our results demonstrate that monocytes are imprinted by the CNS microenvironment but remain transcriptionally, epigenetically and functionally distinct. This may have implications for neuroinflammatory disease states and direct design of novel therapies.
2018-10-19 | GSE121409 | GEO
Project description:Although most tissue macrophages are embryonically derived it is evident that circulating monocytes can compete for virtually any macrophage niche. Monocytes can thus become long-lived replacements of tissue macrophages that are indistinguishable from their embryonic counterparts, but the factors regulating this process are incompletely understood. To study niche competition in the CNS we depleted microglia with >95% efficiency using CX3CR1CreER/+R26DTA/+ mice and monitored long-term repopulation. The microglial niche was repopulated within weeks by a combination of local microglia proliferation giving rise to CX3CR1+F4/80lowClec12a– microglia, as well as infiltration of CX3CR1+F4/80hiClec12a+ macrophages. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that peripherally-derived macrophages arose directly from Ly6Chi monocytes without contribution from hematopoietic progenitors and was independent of BBB breakdown. After repopulation we sorted microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages and performed transcriptional, epigenetic (DNA methylation) and ex vivo functional profiling. This revealed that Ly6Chi monocytes upregulated microglia gene expression and adopted microglia DNA methylation signatures. However, in contrast to proliferating microglia, which rapidly regained their homeostatic gene signature, monocyte-derived macrophages retained a distinct gene signature associated with antigen presentation, interferon signaling and chemotaxis. This translated into functional changes in monocyte-derived macrophages, as demonstrated by differences in surface marker expression, phagocytosis and cytokine production. Our results demonstrate that monocytes are imprinted by the CNS microenvironment but remain transcriptionally, epigenetically and functionally distinct. This may have implications for neuroinflammatory disease states and direct design of novel therapies. Data was processed using the mEPIC tool PMID:29141580
2018-10-19 | GSE121483 | GEO
Project description:Developmentally controlled expression of Cxcr4 by hematopoietic progenitors allows tracing of monocyte function in stroke
| PRJNA494171 | ENA
Project description:Purpose: In our study, we identified a heterogeneity among bone marrow (BM) Ly6Chi monocytes, which can be subdivided the expression of CXCR4. In order to understand the development of BM monocytes, the goal of this experiment is to compare the transcriptome of these 2 BM Ly6Chi monocyte subsets to those of the common monocyte progenitor (cMoP) and Ly6Clo monocytes.
2016-09-29 | GSE86079 | GEO
Project description:Objective: Brain tumors (gliomas) contain large populations of infiltrating macrophages and recruited microglia, which in experimental murine glioma models promote tumor formation and progression. Among the barriers to understanding the contributions of these stromal elements to high-grade glioma (glioblastoma; GBM) biology is the relative paucity of tools to characterize infiltrating macrophages and resident microglia. In this study, we leveraged multiple RNA analysis platforms to identify new monocyte markers relevant to GBM patient outcome. Methods: High-confidence lists of mouse resident microglia- and bone marrow-derived macrophage-specific transcripts were generated using converging RNA-seq and microarray technologies and validated using qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. Expression of select cell surface markers was analyzed in brain-infiltrating macrophages and resident microglia in an induced GBM mouse model, while allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was performed to trace the origins of infiltrating and resident macrophages. Glioma tissue microarrays were examined by immunohistochemistry, and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was queried to determine the prognostic value of identified microglia biomarkers in human GBM. Results: We generated a unique catalog of differentially-expressed bone marrow-derived monocyte and resident microglia transcripts, and demonstrated that brain-infiltrating macrophages acquire F11R expression in GBM and following bone-marrow transplantation. Moreover, mononuclear cell F11R expression positively correlates with human high-grade glioma and additionally serves as a biomarker for GBM patient survival, regardless of GBM molecular subtype. Significance: These studies establish F11R as a novel monocyte prognostic marker for GBM critical for defining a subpopulation of stromal cells for future potential therapeutic intervention. Total RNA was isolated from three independently-generated sets of flow sorted bone marrow monocytes (CD11b+ CD45high CD115+ Ly6G- cells) and brainstem microglia (CD11b+ CD45low CD115low Ly6G- cells) for Illumina RNA-Seq, and two additional pools were subsequently generated and submitted for Affymetrix Mouse Exon 1.0ST microarray. Two of the RNA-Seq samples were additionally analyzed by the microarray, for a total of 6 samples (3 monocyte, 3 microglia) in each platform. Data outputs were analyzed by two analysis methods each (RNA-Seq data: ALEXA-Seq and Cufflinks; microarray data: Partek and Aroma). All four lists were merged into a new high-confidence gene list of transcripts that were significantly differentially expressed (DE) in three out of the four analyses. In this dataset, we includeRNA-Seq data obtained from flow sorted mouse bone marrow monocytes and brainstem microglia.
2013-11-13 | E-GEOD-46688 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Objective: Brain tumors (gliomas) contain large populations of infiltrating macrophages and recruited microglia, which in experimental murine glioma models promote tumor formation and progression. Among the barriers to understanding the contributions of these stromal elements to high-grade glioma (glioblastoma; GBM) biology is the relative paucity of tools to characterize infiltrating macrophages and resident microglia. In this study, we leveraged multiple RNA analysis platforms to identify new monocyte markers relevant to GBM patient outcome. Methods: High-confidence lists of mouse resident microglia- and bone marrow-derived macrophage-specific transcripts were generated using converging RNA-seq and microarray technologies and validated using qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. Expression of select cell surface markers was analyzed in brain-infiltrating macrophages and resident microglia in an induced GBM mouse model, while allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was performed to trace the origins of infiltrating and resident macrophages. Glioma tissue microarrays were examined by immunohistochemistry, and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was queried to determine the prognostic value of identified microglia biomarkers in human GBM. Results: We generated a unique catalog of differentially-expressed bone marrow-derived monocyte and resident microglia transcripts, and demonstrated that brain-infiltrating macrophages acquire F11R expression in GBM and following bone-marrow transplantation. Moreover, mononuclear cell F11R expression positively correlates with human high-grade glioma and additionally serves as a biomarker for GBM patient survival, regardless of GBM molecular subtype. Significance: These studies establish F11R as a novel monocyte prognostic marker for GBM critical for defining a subpopulation of stromal cells for future potential therapeutic intervention. Total RNA was isolated from three independently-generated sets of flow sorted bone marrow monocytes (CD11b+ CD45high CD115+ Ly6G- cells) and brainstem microglia (CD11b+ CD45low CD115low Ly6G- cells) for Illumina RNA-Seq, and two additional pools were subsequently generated and submitted for Affymetrix Mouse Exon 1.0ST microarray. Two of the RNA-Seq samples were additionally analyzed by the microarray, for a total of 6 samples (3 monocyte, 3 microglia) in each platform. Data outputs were analyzed by two analysis methods each (RNA-Seq data: ALEXA-Seq and Cufflinks; microarray data: Partek and Aroma). All four lists were merged into a new high-confidence gene list of transcripts that were significantly differentially expressed (DE) in three out of the four analyses. In this dataset, we include exon expression data obtained from flow sorted mouse bone marrow monocytes and brainstem microglia.
2013-11-13 | E-GEOD-46686 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Blood monocytes/macrophages infiltrate the brain after ischemic stroke and critically influence brain injury and regeneration. We investigated stroke-induced transcriptomic changes of monocytes/macrophages by RNA sequencing profiling, using a mouse model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Compared to non-ischemic conditions, brain ischemia induced only moderate genomic changes in blood monocytes, but triggered robust genomic reprogramming in monocytes/macrophages invading the brain. Surprisingly, functional enrichment analysis of the transcriptome of brain macrophages revealed significant overrepresentation of biological processes linked to neurovascular remodeling, such as angiogenesis and axonal regeneration, as early as 5 days after stroke, suggesting a previously underappreciated role for macrophages in initiating post-stroke brain repair. Upstream Regulator analysis predicted peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) as a master regulator driving the transcriptional reprogramming in post-stroke brain macrophages. Importantly, myeloid cell-specific PPARγ knockout (mKO) mice demonstrated lower post-stroke angiogenesis and neurogenesis than wild-type mice, which correlated significantly with the exacerbation of post-stroke neurological deficits in mKO mice. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel repair-enhancing transcriptome in brain macrophages during post-stroke neurovascular remodeling. As a master switch controlling genomic reprogramming, PPARγ is a rational therapeutic target for promoting and maintaining beneficial macrophage functions, facilitating neurorestoration, and improving long-term functional recovery after ischemic stroke.
2019-11-07 | GSE138805 | GEO
Project description:The cytokine transforming growth factor-B (TGF-B) regulates development and homeostasis of several tissue-resident macrophage populations, including microglia. TGF-B is not critical for microglia survival, but is required for the maintenance of the microglia-specific homeostatic gene signature. Under defined host conditions circulating monocytes can compete for the microglial niche and give rise to long-lived monocyte-derived macrophages residing in the central nervous system (CNS). Whether monocytes require TGF-B for colonization of the microglial niche and maintenance of CNS integrity is unknown. We found that abrogation of TGF-B signaling in CX3CR1+ monocyte-derived macrophages led to rapid onset of a progressive and fatal demyelinating motor disease characterized by myelin-laden giant macrophages throughout the spinal cord. The devastating motor disease that developed in TGF-BR2-deficient chimeras indicated that in the absence of TGF-B signaling the CNS environment licenses monocyte-derived macrophages for tissue damage. We therefore addressed how the gene expression signature of CNS macrophages was controlled by TGF-B signaling. We thus sorted TGF-BR2-deficient monocyte-derived macrophages from animals with ongoing motor disease and from their wildtype littermate counterparts. For comparison we sorted wild-type and TGF-BR2-deficient microglia and performed RNA sequencing for all four groups. Tgfbr2-deficient macrophages were characterized by high expression of genes encoding proteins involved in antigen presentation, inflammation and phagocytosis. TGF-B is thus crucial for the functional integration of monocytes into the CNS microenvironment.
2018-04-16 | GSE111385 | GEO
Project description:We investigated the innate immune system in the SOD1 ALS model. We found that splenic Ly6CHi monocytes were activated and their progressive recruitment to the spinal cord, but not brain, correlated with neuronal loss. We found a decrease in resident microglia in the spinal cord with disease progression. Two months prior to disease onset, splenic Ly6CHi monocytes had an M1 signature which included increased CCR2. At one month prior to disease onset, microglia expressed increased CCL2 and other chemotaxis-associated molecules. Microglia derived from the spinal cord of SOD1 mice recruited Ly6C+ monocytes to the CNS. Treatment with anti-Ly6C mAb modulated the Ly6CHi monocyte cytokine profile, reduced monocyte recruitment to the spinal cord, diminished neuronal loss and extended survival. In humans with ALS, CD14+/CD16- monocytes (analogue of Ly6CHi monocytes) exhibited an ALS specific microRNA inflammatory signature similar to that observed in the SOD1 mouse providing a direct link between the animal model and the human disease. Thus, the SOD1-like profile of monocytes in ALS subjects may serve as a biomarker for disease stage or progression. Our results suggest that recruitment of inflammatory monocytes plays an important role in disease progression and that modulation of these cells is a potential therapeutic approach. This study used the NanoString nCounter hybridization system and nCounter miRNA expression assays to identify and quantitate miRNAs in blood CD14+CD16- monocytes from ALS, MS and HC subjects Total RNA was isolated from FACS sorted CD14+CD16- blood-derived monocytes from sporadic ALS (n=8), MS (n=8) and HC (n=8) subjects. RNA was profiled using the NanoString nCounter miRNA expression assay
2012-07-25 | E-GEOD-39643 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We investigated the innate immune system in the SOD1 ALS model. We found that splenic Ly6CHi monocytes were activated and their progressive recruitment to the spinal cord, but not brain, correlated with neuronal loss. We found a decrease in resident microglia in the spinal cord with disease progression. Two months prior to disease onset, splenic Ly6CHi monocytes had an M1 signature which included increased CCR2. At one month prior to disease onset, microglia expressed increased CCL2 and other chemotaxis-associated molecules. Microglia derived from the spinal cord of SOD1 mice recruited Ly6C+ monocytes to the CNS. Treatment with anti-Ly6C mAb modulated the Ly6CHi monocyte cytokine profile, reduced monocyte recruitment to the spinal cord, diminished neuronal loss and extended survival. In humans with ALS, CD14+/CD16- monocytes (analogue of Ly6CHi monocytes) exhibited an ALS specific microRNA inflammatory signature similar to that observed in the SOD1 mouse providing a direct link between the animal model and the human disease. Thus, the SOD1-like profile of monocytes in ALS subjects may serve as a biomarker for disease stage or progression. Our results suggest that recruitment of inflammatory monocytes plays an important role in disease progression and that modulation of these cells is a potential therapeutic approach This study used the NanoString nCounter hybridization system and the Nanostring GX Human Immunology and Nanostring Human Inflammation assays to identify and quantitate immune-related genes in blood CD14+CD16- monocytes from ALS, MS and HC subjects Total RNA was isolated from FACS sorted CD14+CD16- blood-derived monocytes from sporadic sALS (n=10), fALS (n=4) and HC (n=10) subjects. RNA was profiled using the Nanostring GX Human Immunology and Nanostring Human Inflammation assays
2012-07-25 | E-GEOD-39642 | biostudies-arrayexpress