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Transcription factor T-bet in B cells controls germinal centre polarization and antibody affinity maturation in response to malaria (ATAC-seq)

ABSTRACT: Despite the key role that antibodies play in protection against malaria, the cellular processes modulating the acquisition of immunity are not fully understood. Using an infection model of severe malaria, we found that GC B cells strongly upregulate the transcription factor T-bet in response to infection. Expression of T-bet in B cells was required for IgG2c switching but reduced the magnitude of GC B cell responses. RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry analysis revealed that T-bet supports a transcriptional program resulting in a substantial enrichment of the GC dark zone (DZ), thereby significantly influencing DZ/light zone (LZ) polarization. Mice deficient in T-bet in their B cells displayed significantly reduced affinity mutation frequencies in their IghV genes and lower antibody avidity than controls, indicating that T-bet modulates affinity maturation. These results demonstrate that T-bet promotes appropriate GC dynamics, thereby leading to the differentiation of B cells with increased affinity for antigen.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE120727 | GEO | 2019/11/11

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Transcription factor T-bet in B cells controls germinal centre polarization and antibody affinity maturation in response to malaria (RNA-seq)

Project description:Despite the key role that antibodies play in protection against malaria, the cellular processes modulating the acquisition of immunity are not fully understood. Using an infection model of severe malaria, we found that GC B cells strongly upregulate the transcription factor T-bet in response to infection. Expression of T-bet in B cells was required for IgG2c switching but reduced the magnitude of GC B cell responses. RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry analysis revealed that T-bet supports a transcriptional program resulting in a substantial enrichment of the GC dark zone (DZ), thereby significantly influencing DZ/light zone (LZ) polarization. Mice deficient in T-bet in their B cells displayed significantly reduced affinity mutation frequencies in their IghV genes and lower antibody avidity than controls, indicating that T-bet modulates affinity maturation. These results demonstrate that T-bet promotes appropriate GC dynamics, thereby leading to the differentiation of B cells with increased affinity for antigen.

2019-11-11 | GSE120728 | GEO

Gene expression in germinal centre light zone and dark zone cells

Project description:Gene expression analysis performed on FACS sort purified GC LZ and DZ cells of either high and low affinity to identify unique gene signatures. In order to reveal differences between LZ and DZ independent of affinity, we compared a DZ data set (consisting of high and low affinity samples), to a LZ data set (consisting of high and low affinity samples). Analysis revealed distrinct transcription patterns.

2017-03-27 | GSE94733 | GEO

RNA-seq profiles of germinal center B cells from spleens of wild-type and Il21r-deficient mice after immunization with NP-KLH

Project description:Humoral immune responses require germinal centres (GC) for antibody affinity maturation. Within GC, B-cell proliferation and mutation are segregated from affinity-based positive selection in the dark zone (DZ) and light zone (LZ) substructures, respectively. While IL21 is known to be important in affinity maturation and GC maintenance, here we show it is required for both establishing normal zone representation and preventing the accumulation of cells in G1 cell cycle stage in the GC LZ.

2021-09-22 | GSE184475 | GEO

Gene expression in germinal centre light zone and dark zone cells of high or low affinity

Project description:Gene expression analysis performed on FACS sort purified GC LZ and DZ cells of either high or low affinity to identify unique gene signatures. Analysis revealed distinct transcription patterns.

2017-03-27 | GSE94638 | GEO

STAT3 signaling in B cells controls germinal center zone organization and recycling [RNA-seq]

Project description:Germinal centers (GCs), sites of antibody affinity maturation, are organized into dark (DZ) and light (LZ) zones. Here, we uncovered a B cell intrinsic role for STAT3 in GC DZ and LZ organization. Altered zonal organization of STAT3-deficient GCs dampened GC output of long-lived plasma cells (LL-PCs) but increased memory B cells (MBCs). Tfh-GC B cell interaction drive STAT3 tyrosine 705 and serine 727 phosphorylation in LZ B cells, facilitating their recycling into the DZ. An inducible system confirmed STAT3 is not involved in initiating or maintaining the GC but sustains GC zonal organization by regulating GC B cell recycling. RNAseq and ChIPseq analysis identified genes regulated by STAT3 that are critical for LZ cell recycling and transiting through the DZ proliferation and differentiation phases of the DZ. Thus, STAT3 signaling in B cells controls GC zone organization and recycling, and GC egress of LL-PCs, but negatively regulates MBC output.

2023-07-06 | GSE212542 | GEO

STAT3 signaling in B cells controls germinal center zone organization and recycling [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Germinal centers (GCs), sites of antibody affinity maturation, are organized into dark (DZ) and light (LZ) zones. Here, we uncovered a B cell intrinsic role for STAT3 in GC DZ and LZ organization. Altered zonal organization of STAT3-deficient GCs dampened GC output of long- lived plasma cells (LL-PCs) but increased memory B cells (MBCs). Tfh-GC B cell interaction drive STAT3 tyrosine 705 and serine 727 phosphorylation in LZ B cells, facilitating their recycling into the DZ. An inducible system confirmed STAT3 is not involved in initiating or maintaining the GC but sustains GC zonal organization by regulating GC B cell recycling. RNAseq and ChIPseq analysis identified genes regulated by STAT3 that are critical for LZ cell recycling and transiting through the DZ proliferation and differentiation phases of the DZ. Thus, STAT3 signaling in B cells controls GC zone organization and recycling, and GC egress of LL- PCs, but negatively regulates MBC output.

2023-07-06 | GSE212541 | GEO

Germinal Center Dark Zone harbors ATR-dependent determinants of T-cell exclusion that are also identified in aggressive lymphoma – Visium_FFPE_Spatial_Trasciptomics_project

Project description:The germinal center (GC) dark zone (DZ) and light zone (LZ) regions spatially separate expansion and diversification from selection of antigen-specific B-cells to ensure antibody affinity maturation and B cell memory. How GC polarity is established is poorly understood. This study provides novel insights into signals controlling asymmetric T-cell distribution between DZ and LZ regions. We identify spatially-resolved DNA damage response and chromatin compaction molecular features precluding DZ T-cell infiltration. The DZ spatial transcriptional signature linked to T-cell immune evasion clustered aggressive Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas (DLBCL) for differential T cell infiltration. We reveal the dependence of the DZ transcriptional core signature on the ATR kinase and dissect its role in restraining inflammatory responses contributing to estabslish an immune-repulsive imprint in DLBCL. These insights may guide ATR-focused treatment strategies bolstering immunotherapy in tumors marked by DZ transcriptional and chromatin-associated features.

2024-04-17 | GSE260998 | GEO

T cell help controls the speed of the cell cycle in germinal center B cells.

2015-08-12 | GSE71295 | GEO

T cell help controls the speed of the cell cycle in germinal center B cells.

Project description:The germinal center (GC) is a microanatomical compartment wherein high-affinity antibody-producing B cells are selectively expanded. B cells proliferate and mutate their antibody genes in the dark zone (DZ) of the GC and are then selected by T cells in the light zone (LZ) on the basis of affinity. Here, we show that T cell help regulates the speed of cell cycle phase transitions and DNA replication of GC B cells. Genome sequencing and single-molecule analyses revealed that T cell help shortens S phase by regulating replication fork progression while preserving the relative order of replication origin activation. Thus, high-affinity GC B cells are selected by a mechanism that involves prolonged dwell time in the DZ where selected cells undergo accelerated cell cycles. To determine whether GC B cells receiving high levels of T cell help show a specific change in gene expression, we compared DZ cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle from αDEC-OVA and control αDEC-CS treated GCs using a fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (Fucci-tg). RNA sequencing revealed that T cell-mediated selection produced an increase in gene expression programs associated with the cell cycle, metabolism, including the metabolism of nucleotides, and genes downstream of c-Myc and the E2F transcription factors.

2015-08-12 | E-GEOD-71295 | biostudies-arrayexpress

PI3 Kinase and FOXO1 activity differentially control B cells in the germinal center light and dark zone

Project description:PI3K signaling and FOXO transcription factors play opposing roles at several B cell developmental stages. We show here abundant nuclear FOXO1 expression in the proliferative compartment of the germinal center (GC), its dark zone (DZ), and PI3K activity, downregulating FOXO1, in the GC light zone (LZ), where cells are selected for further differentiation. However, here FOXO1 is expressed in c-Myc+ cells destined for DZ reentry. Upon FOXO1 ablation by genetic means or induction of PI3K activity GCs become devoid of their DZ, due at least partly to the downregulation of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. While this is known to prevent proper cyclic selection of cells expressing high-affinity antibodies, the initiation of immunoglobulin switching is essentially dependent on FOXO1 activity. All samples were obtained from mouse germinal center (GC) B cells (Cgamma1-cre; YFP, P110*, FOXO1 f/f or PTEN f/f animals). Cells used for microarray analysis were FACS sorted cells.

2015-11-23 | E-GEOD-68043 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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