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Rac -dependent signaling from keratinocytes promotes differentiation of intradermal white adipocytes

ABSTRACT: Rac signaling affects numerous downstream targets; however, few studies have established in vivo levels using model animals. In the present study, wWe generated mice with a single knockout (KO) of Rac1 (Keratin5 (K5)-Cre;Rac1flox/flox, hereafter Rac1-KO) and double KO of Rac1 and Rac3 (K5-Cre;Rac1flox/flox;Rac3−/−, hereafter Rac1/Rac3-DKO) in keratinocytes. Hairless phenotype in Rac1-KO mice was markedly exacerbated in Rac1/Rac3-DKO mice. Notably, Rac1-KO mice also exhibited thinner dermal white adipose tissue, which was considerably further reduced in Rac1/Rac3-DKO mice. DNA microarray using primary keratinocytes from Rac1/Rac3-DKO mice exhibited decreased mRNA levels of Bmp2, Bmp5, Fgf20, Fgf21, Fgfbp1, and Pdgf-alpha. Combinational treatment with BMP2 and FGF21, BMP2 and FGF20, or PDGF and FGF21 in culture medium, but not individual purified recombinant proteins, could differentiate 3T3-L1 fibroblasts into adipocytes, as could culture media obtained from primary keratinocytes (both human and mouse). Conversely, addition of anti-BMP2 or anti-FGF21 antibodies into the culture medium inhibited fibroblast differentiation. Furthermore, combinational treatment with BMP2 and FGF21 promoted adipocyte differentiation only of rat primary white adipocyte precursors but not rat primary brown adipocyte precursors. Notably, brown adipogenesis by FGF21 was inhibited by BMP2. Thus, we here proposed a novel paracrine pathway from keratinocytes to intradermal pre-adipocytes using Rac1/Rac3-DKO mice, which is Rac-dependent and functions as an inducer of white adipocytes.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE122234 | GEO | 2019/11/06

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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DNA microarray analysis using murine cerebellum at P6

Project description:We analysed genes upregulated or down regulated by double deletion of Rac1 and Rac3 (Rac1/Rac3-DKO) in cerebellar granule neurons compared with control, using the external granule layer (EGL) dissected from Rac1/Rac3-DKO cerebellum at P6. Rac1-KO mouse is an inducible knockout, in which Rac1 is specifically deleted in cerebellar granule neurons under control of Atoh1 (also called Math1) promoter. In contrast, Rac3-KO mouse is a conventional/simple KO, in which Rac3 is deleted in all cells in the body. Total RNA from the medial portion of the EGL of Rac1/Rac3-DKO and control cerebella at P6 was extracted using TRIzol (Invitrogen). The quality and quantity of RNA were determined using the Agilent 2100 BioAnalyzer.

2017-05-16 | E-MTAB-5681 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Effect of depletion of Rac1 and Rac3 GTPases on gene expression in cells from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)

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2023-02-22 | GSE206752 | GEO

Roles of Cdc42 and Rac in Bergmann glia during cerebellar corticogenesis (U87_CDC42RAC1-DKD)

Project description:Bergmann glia (BG) are important in the inward type of radial migration of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). However, details regarding the functions of Cdc42 and Rac in BG for radial migration of CGN are unknown. To examine the roles of Cdc42 and Rac in BG during cerebellar corticogenesis, mice with a single deletion of Cdc42 or Rac1 and those with double deletions of Cdc42 and Rac1 under control of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter: GFAP-Cre;Cdc42flox/flox (Cdc42-KO), GFAP–Cre;Rac1flox/flox (Rac1-KO), and GFAP-Cre;Cdc42 flox/flox;Rac1flox/flox (Cdc42/Rac1-DKO) mice, were generated. Both Cdc42-KO and Rac1-KO mice, but more obviously Cdc42-KO mice, had disturbed alignment of BG in the Purkinje cell layer (PCL). We found that Cdc42-KO, but not Rac1-KO, induced impaired radial migration of CGNs in the late phase of radial migration, leading to retention of CGNs in the inferior half of the molecular layer (ML). Cdc42-KO, but not Rac1-KO, mice also showed aberrantly aligned Purkinje cells (PCs). These phenotypes were exacerbated in Cdc42/Rac1-DKO mice. Alignment of BG radial fibers in the ML and BG endfeet at the pial surface of the cerebellum evaluated by GFAP staining was disturbed and weak in Cdc42/Rac1-DKO mice, respectively. Our data indicate that that Cdc42 and Rac, but predominantly Cdc42, in BG play important roles during the late phase of radial migration of CGNs. We also report here that Cdc42 is involved in gliophilic migration of CGNs, in contrast to Rac, which is more closely connected to regulating neurophilic migration.

2018-01-01 | GSE106142 | GEO

Roles of Cdc42 and Rac in Bergmann glia during cerebellar corticogenesis (WT_primary_astrocyte)

2018-01-01 | GSE106141 | GEO

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2017-08-16 | GSE99412 | GEO

Impact of UCP1 and FGF21 for the development of diet-induced obesity at standard housing temperatures

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2019-11-05 | GSE122167 | GEO

Rapid increase of fibroblast growth factor 21 under protein malnutrition and its impact on growth and lipid metabolism

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2015-01-15 | E-GEOD-64970 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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2021-10-27 | GSE162967 | GEO

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