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Epigenetic Control of a Multifunctional Stress Regulator

ABSTRACT: Here we report the identification of ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE6 (EIN6), which is a H3K27me3 demethylase also known as RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING6 (REF6), and EIN6 ENHANCER (EEN), the Arabidopsis homolog of the yeast INO80 chromatin remodeling complex subunit IES6 (INO EIGHTY SUBUNIT6). By applying high-throughput profiling of histone modifications, histone variant occupancy, cytosine methylation and mRNA expression in various Arabidopsis mutants, we identified ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2) as a direct target of EIN6 (REF6) and EEN. EIN6 (REF6) and EEN as part of the INO80 complex interdependently and uniquely control the level and the localization of the repressive histone modification H3K27me3 and the histone variant H2A.Z at the 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR) intron of EIN2. Concomitant functional loss of EIN6 (REF6) and the INO80 complex shifts the chromatin landscape at EIN2 to a repressive state causing a dramatic reduction of EIN2 expression and subsequent collapse of the entire ethylene transcriptional cascade.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE122314 | GEO | 2019/08/19

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Phosphorylation-Regulated Cleavage of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 Mediates Hormone Signaling from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Nucleus

Project description:Ethylene gas is essential for many developmental processes and stress responses in plants. ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2), an NRAMP-homologous integral membrane protein, plays an essential role in ethylene signaling but its function remains enigmatic. Here we report that phosphorylation-regulated proteolytic processing of EIN2 triggers its endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-nucleus translocation, which is essential for hormone signaling and response in Arabidopsis. Without ethylene, or in hormone receptors mutants, ER-tethered EIN2 shows CTR1 kinase-dependent phosphorylation. Ethylene exposure triggers dephosphorylation and proteolytic cleavage, resulting in rapid nuclear translocation of a carboxyl-terminal EIN2 fragment (C’). Plants containing mutations that mimic EIN2 dephosphorylation, or inactivate CTR1, show constitutive cleavage and nuclear localization of EIN2-C’, and EIN3/EIL1-dependent activation of ethylene responses. These findings uncover a mechanism of subcellular communication whereby ethylene gas stimulates rapid phosphorylation-dependent cleavage and nuclear movement of the EIN2-C’ peptide, thus linking hormone perception and signaling components located in the ER with nuclear-localized transcriptional regulators.

2012-10-22 | E-MTAB-4360 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Endosperm and maternal-specific expression of EIN2 affects endosperm cellularization and seed size in Arabidopsis

Project description:Seed size is related to plant evolution and crop yield and is affected by genetic mutations, imprinting, and genome dosage. Imprinting is a widespread epigenetic phenomenon in mammals and flowering plants. ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2) encodes a membrane protein that links the ethylene perception to transcriptional regulation. Interestingly, during seed development EIN2 is maternally-expressed in Arabidopsis and maize, but the role of EIN2 in seed development is unknown. Here we show that EIN2 is expressed specifically in the endosperm, and the maternal-specific EIN2 expression affects temporal regulation of endosperm cellularization. As a result, seed size increases in the genetic cross using the ein2 mutant as the maternal parent or in the ein2 mutant. The maternal-specific expression of EIN2 in the endosperm is controlled by DNA methylation but not by H3K27me3 or by ethylene and several ethylene pathway genes tested. RNA-seq analysis in the endosperm isolated by laser-capture microdissection show upregulation of many endosperm-expressed genes such as AGAMOUS-LIKEs (AGLs) in the ein2 mutant or when the maternal EIN2 allele is not expressed. EIN2 does not interact with DNA and may act through ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3), a DNA binding protein present in sporophytic tissues, to activate target genes like AGLs, which in turn mediate temporal regulation of endosperm cellularization and seed size. These results provide mechanistic insights into endosperm and maternal-specific expression of EIN2 on endosperm cellularization and seed development, which could help improve seed production in plants and crops.

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2009-12-01 | GSE14247 | GEO

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2013-05-16 | E-MEXP-3576 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RNAi profiling of Arabidopsis Col-0 plants (air control), 8 week old Col-0 plants treated for 24 hours with ethylene gas (10 ppm), and artificial microRNA knockdown mutants, amiR-ETP1/2 - interplay between ethylene, ETP1/ETP2 F-box proteins, and degradation of EIN2 triggers ethylene responses in Arabidopsis

2009-12-05 | E-GEOD-14247 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A hexasome is the preferred substrate for the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex allowing versatility of function

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Project description:Knockdown of Ino80 complex subunits Actr5, Ies6, and Ino80 in RD cells

| PRJNA717367 | ENA

RNA-Seq analysis of INO80 complex deletion mutants

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An integrative analysis of different histone acetylation in ethylene response in Arabidopsis

Project description:We reported that ethylene specifically elevated acetylation of histone H3 at K14 and the non-canonical acetylation of histone H3 at K23,but not H3K9ac.Thus, we further performed Chip-sequencing of H3K9Ac, using chromatins isolated from 3-day old etiolated ein2-5 seedlings treated with ethylene or air gas.

2017-08-11 | GSE93875 | GEO

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