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Engineering epigenetic memory requires co-targeting of histone methylatransferases and DNA methylatransferases [Methylation]

ABSTRACT: Rewriting of the epigenome has risen as a promising alternative to gene editing for precision medicine. In nature, epigenetic silencing can result in complete attenuation of target gene expression over multiple mitotic divisions. However, persistent repression has been difficult to achieve using targeted systems. Here, we report that robust and persistent epigenetic memory required both a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3A-dCas9) and a histone methyltransferase (Ezh2-dCas9 or KRAB-dCas9). DNMT3A-dCas9 was dependent on full-length DNMT3L for maximal activity. Co-targeting with Ezh2-dCas9, DNMT3A-dCas9 and DNMT3L induced long-term HER2 repression over at least 50 days and maintained a heterochromatic environment. Interestingly, substitution of Ezh2-dCas9 for KRAB-dCas9 enabled long-term repression at some target genes (e.g., SNURF) but not at HER2, at which H3K9me3 and DNA methylation were transiently acquired and subsequently lost. Off-target DNA hypermethylation occurred at many individual CpG sites but rarely at multiple CpGs in a single promoter, consistent with no detectable effect on transcription at the loci tested. Conversely, robust hypermethylation was observed at HER2. These data demonstrate that targeting different combinations of histone and DNA methyltransferases is required to achieve maximal repression at different loci in the same cell, or the same locus in different cells.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE123830 | GEO | 2019/05/07

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Engineering epigenetic memory requires co-targeting of histone methylatransferases and DNA methylatransferases [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Rewriting of the epigenome has risen as a promising alternative to gene editing for precision medicine. In nature, epigenetic silencing can result in complete attenuation of target gene expression over multiple mitotic divisions. However, persistent repression has been difficult to achieve using targeted systems. Here, we report that robust and persistent epigenetic memory required both a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3A-dCas9) and a histone methyltransferase (Ezh2-dCas9 or KRAB-dCas9). DNMT3A-dCas9 was dependent on full-length DNMT3L for maximal activity. Co-targeting with Ezh2-dCas9, DNMT3A-dCas9 and DNMT3L induced long-term HER2 repression over at least 50 days and maintained a heterochromatic environment. Interestingly, substitution of Ezh2-dCas9 for KRAB-dCas9 enabled long-term repression at some target genes (e.g., SNURF) but not at HER2, at which H3K9me3 and DNA methylation were transiently acquired and subsequently lost. Off-target DNA hypermethylation occurred at many individual CpG sites but rarely at multiple CpGs in a single promoter, consistent with no detectable effect on transcription at the loci tested. Conversely, robust hypermethylation was observed at HER2. These data demonstrate that targeting different combinations of histone and DNA methyltransferases is required to achieve maximal repression at different loci in the same cell, or the same locus in different cells.

2019-05-07 | GSE123882 | GEO

Dnmt3L-dependent regulation of DNA methylation promotes stem cells differentiation toward primitive germinal cells [ChIP-seq]

Project description:The de novo DNA methyltransferase 3-like (Dnmt3L) is a catalytically inactive DNA methylase that has been previously shown to cooperate with Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b to methylate DNA. Dnmt3L is highly expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) but its function in these cells is unknown. We here report that Dnmt3L is required for the differentiation of ESC into primordial germ cells (PGC) through activation of the homeotic gene Rhox5. By genome-wide analysis we found that Dnmt3L is a positive regulator of methylation at gene bodies of housekeeping genes and a negative regulator of methylation at promoters of bivalent genes. We demonstrate that Dnmt3L interacts with the Polycomb PRC2 complex in competition with the DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b to maintain low the methylation level at H3H27me3 regions. Thus, in ESC, Dnmt3L counteracts the activity of de novo DNA methylases to keep low the level of DNA methylation at developmental gene promoters. Examination of Ezh2 ChIP-Seq in shGFP and shDnmt3L ESC. Examination of Dnmt3L ChIP-Seq in shGFP and shSuz12 ESC.

2013-09-27 | E-GEOD-49178 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RNA-seq following enhancer repression

Project description:Using RNA-seq to identify genes regulated by dCas9-KRAB mediated enhancer repression in NCI-H2009 lung adenocarcinoma cells NCI-H2009 cells were first transfected with dCas9-KRAB fusion and subsequently transfected with no guide RNA (Empty), a guide RNA that has no target in the human genome (Dummy), and two separate guide RNAs (e3 #1 and e3 #2) recognizing the enhancer region of our study.

2015-10-26 | E-GEOD-72001 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Identifying functional enhancers regulating Cebpa expression and adipocyte differentiation (mRNA-Seq)

Project description:To explore the effect of enhancer repression on adipocyte differentiation in a transcriptome-wide manner, we infected cells with 1 mL lentiviruses medium containing dCas9-KRAB-En2-sgRNAs (Experimental group) or dCas9-KRAB (Control group) at the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100 for 12 h. We performed transcriptional profiling by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for dCas9-KRAB-En2 and dCas9-KRAB cells at day 7 of differentiation.

2024-03-07 | GSE222689 | GEO

Hit-and-run epigenetic editing prevents senescence entry in primary breast cells from healthy donors [EPIC methylation 2]

Project description:Aberrant promoter DNA hypermethylation is a hallmark of cancer; however, whether this is sufficient to drive cellular transformation in the absence of genetic mutations is not clear. To investigate this question, we use a CRISPR/dCas9 based epigenetic editing tool, where an inactive form of Cas9 is fused to DNMT3A and its regulator DNMT3L. Using this system, we show simultaneous de novo DNA methylation of genes commonly methylated in cancer, CDKN2A, RASSF1, HIC1 and PTEN in primary myoepithelial cells isolated from healthy human breast tissue. We find that promoter methylation is maintained in this system, even in the absence of the fusion construct and results in sustained repression of CDKN2A and RASSF1 transcripts which prevents cells from entering senescence. The phenotype is associated with retuned expression of a subset of genes to levels in early passage cells; however, the outgrowing myoepithelial cells are not immortal but proliferate for 25-30 population doublings before cell cycle arrest. Finally, we show that the key driver of this phenotype is repression of CDKN2A transcript p16, but prolonged proliferation is enhanced by combined hypermethylation and repression of both CDKN2A transcripts p16 and p14. This work demonstrates that hit-and-run epigenetic events can prevent senescence entry, a potential first step in the disease process.

2017-08-07 | GSE100208 | GEO

Hit-and-run epigenetic editing prevents senescence entry in primary breast cells from healthy donors [EPIC methylation]

2017-08-07 | GSE100184 | GEO

Hit-and-run epigenetic editing prevents senescence entry in primary breast cells from healthy donors [RNA-seq]

Project description:Aberrant promoter DNA hypermethylation is a hallmark of cancer; however, whether this is sufficient to drive cellular transformation in the absence of genetic mutations is not clear. To investigate this question, we use a CRISPR/dCas9 based epigenetic editing tool, where an inactive form of Cas9 is fused to DNMT3A and its regulator DNMT3L. Using this system, we show simultaneous de novo DNA methylation of genes commonly methylated in cancer, CDKN2A, RASSF1, HIC1 and PTEN in primary myoepithelial cells isolated from healthy human breast tissue. We find that promoter methylation is maintained in this system, even in the absence of the fusion construct and results in sustained repression of CDKN2A and RASSF1 transcripts which prevents cells from entering senescence. The phenotype is associated with retuned expression of a subset of genes to levels in early passage cells; however, the outgrowing myoepithelial cells are not immortal but proliferate for 18-20 population doublings before cell cycle arrest. Finally, we show that the key driver of this phenotype is repression of CDKN2A transcript p16, but prolonged proliferation is enhanced by combined hypermethylation and repression of both CDKN2A transcripts p16 and p14. This work demonstrates that hit-and-run epigenetic events can prevent senescence entry, a potential first step in the disease process.

2017-08-07 | GSE100027 | GEO

Combinational effect of the ADD domains of DNMT3A and DNMT3L on DNA methylation landscapes in mouse germ cells [WGBS]

Project description:DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and DNA methyltransferase 3-Like (DNMT3L) form functional heterotetramers and ATRX-DNMT3-DNMT3L (ADD) domains, shared by both DNMT3A and DNMT3L, recognizes histone H3 tail unmethylated at lysine-4 (H3K4me0) to deposit DNA methylation properly in mammalian germ cells. However, the combinational and differential role of ADD domains of DNMT3A and DNMT3L in vivo has not been fully defined. Here we analyze both female and male germ cells derived from mouse with amino-acid substitutions in ADD domains of DNMT3A and/or DNMT3L that impair their domain function. Loss of either DNMT3A-ADD or DNMT3L-ADD domain function shows moderate reduction of global CG methylation level, but in different degree, in both germ cells. However, when both DNMT3A and DNMT3L lost their ADD domain functions, reduction of the global CG methylation level is much more severe and comparable with that of Dnmt3a/3L knockout germ cells. In contrast, such double mutant germ cells have thousands of genomic regions where non-CG methylation is aberrantly accumulated. These results highlight a critical role of the combinational function of ADD domains for the robust CG and non-CG methylation in germ cells.

2024-03-18 | GSE238227 | GEO

Combinational effect of the ADD domains of DNMT3A and DNMT3L on DNA methylation landscapes in mouse germ cells [RNA-seq]

2024-03-18 | GSE238226 | GEO

DNA methylation changes in Dnmt3L-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs)

Project description:We used RRBS to analyze DNA methylation in mESC lines deficient for maternal Dnmt3L (Dnmt3L mKO), zygotic Dnmt3L (Dnmt3L KO), and both maternal and zygotic Dnmt3L (Dnmt3L mzKO). Compared to wild-type (WT) mESCs, Dnmt3L mKO mESCs exhibit severe loss of methylation at imprinted loci but no changes in global DNA methylation, Dnmt3L KO mESCs exhibit moderate loss of methylation at many Dnmt3a target regions but do not affect methylation at imprinted loci, and Dnmt3L mzKO mESCs exhibit combined changes of mKO and KO cells, with severe loss of methylation at imprinted loci and moderate loss of methylation at Dnmt3a target regions.

2018-10-04 | GSE116489 | GEO

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