Epigenetic homogeneity underlies sperm programming for embryonic transcription
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Xenopus laevis Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE125982 | GEO | 2020/06/05
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Epigenetic homogeneity underlies sperm programming for embryonic transcription
| PRJNA518148 | ENA
Project description:Sperm contributes genetic and epigenetic information to the embryo to efficiently support development. However, the mechanism underlying such developmental competence remains elusive. Here, we investigated whether all sperm cells have a common epigenetic configuration that primes transcriptional program for embryonic development. We show for the first time that remodelling of histones during spermiogenesis results in the retention of methylated histone H3 at the same genomic location in every sperm cell. This homogeneously methylated fraction of histone H3 in the sperm genome is maintained during early embryonic replication. Such methylated histone fraction resisting postfertilisation reprogramming marks developmental genes whose expression is perturbed upon experimental reduction of histone methylation. A similar homogeneously methylated histone H3 fraction is detected in human sperm. Altogether, we uncover a conserved mechanism of paternal epigenetic information transmission to the embryo through the homogeneous retention of methylated histone in a sperm cells population.
2020-05-29 | PXD012853 | Pride
Project description:Using the frog Xenopus laevis as a model system we profile epigenetic features of sperm and spermatid to study how they relate to gene expression in embryos. We observe that sperm is epigenetically programmed to regulate embryonic gene expression. By comparing the development of sperm- and spermatid-derived frog embryos we show that the programming of sperm for successful development relates to its ability to regulate transcription of a set of developmentally important genes. During spermatid maturation into sperm, these genes lose H3K4me2/3 and retain H3K27me3 marks. Experimental removal of these epigenetic marks, at fertilization, deregulates gene expression in the resulting embryos in a paternal chromatin dependent manner. This demonstrates that epigenetic instructions delivered by the sperm at fertilization are required for correct regulation of gene expression in the future embryos. The epigenetic mechanisms of developmental programming revealed here are likely to relate to the mechanisms involved in transgenerational transmission of acquired traits. 48 samples, single-ended ChIP-seq libraries from sperm- and spermatid-derived haploid embryos pulling down H3K4me2, H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K9me3, 3 replicates for each histone modification pull-down. 14 samples of both single-ended and pair-ended RNA-seq libraries for sperm- and spermatid-derived embryos. 3 replicates of single-ended RNA-seq libraries for spermatid cells. 22 samples of single-ended RNA-seq form sperm- and spermatid-derived embryos overexpressing Kdm5b 16 samples of single-ended RNA-seq form sperm- and spermatid-derived embryos overexpressing Kdm6b 6 samples of single-ended MNase-seq from sperm and spermatid chromatin 12 samples of MBD-seq from sperm and spermatid chromatin
2016-03-22 | E-GEOD-75164 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Multicellular organisms can generate and maintain homogenous populations of cells that make up individual tissues. But, cellular processes that can disrupt homogeneity and how organisms overcome such disruption are unknown. We found that ~100-fold differences in expression from a repetitive DNA transgene can occur between intestinal cells in C. elegans. These differences are caused by gene silencing in some cells and are actively suppressed by parental and zygotic factors such as the conserved exonuclease ERI-1. If unsuppressed, silencing can spread between some cells in embryos, but can be repeat-specific and independent of other homologous loci within each cell. Silencing can persist through DNA replication and nuclear divisions, disrupting uniform gene expression in developed animals. Analysis at single-cell resolution suggests that differences between cells arise during early cell divisions upon unequal segregation of an initiator of silencing. Our results suggest that organisms with high repetitive DNA content, which include humans, could employ similar developmental mechanisms to achieve and maintain tissue homogeneity.
2016-07-08 | GSE69704 | GEO
Project description:Formation of the complex vertebrate nervous system begins when pluripotent cells of the early embryo are directed to acquire a neural fate. Although cell intrinsic controls play an important role in this process, the molecular nature of this regulation is not well defined. Here we assessed the role for Geminin, a nuclear protein expressed in embryonic cells, in neural fate acquisition from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. While Geminin knockdown does not affect the ability of ES cells to maintain or exit pluripotency, we found that it significantly impairs their ability to acquire a neural fate. Conversely, Geminin overexpression promotes neural gene expression, even in the presence of growth factor signaling that antagonizes neural transcriptional responses. These data demonstrate that Geminin’s activity contributes to mammalian neural cell fate acquisition. We investigated the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon and found that Geminin maintains a hyperacetylated and open chromatin conformation at neural genes. Interestingly, recombinant Geminin protein also rapidly alters chromatin acetylation and accessibility even when Geminin is combined with nuclear extract and chromatin in vitro. These findings define a novel activity for Geminin in regulation of chromatin structure. Together, these data support a role for Geminin as a cell intrinsic regulator of neural fate acquisition that promotes expression of neural genes by regulating chromatin accessibility and histone acetylation.
2011-03-18 | GSE25737 | GEO
Project description:Formation of the complex vertebrate nervous system begins when pluripotent cells of the early embryo are directed to acquire a neural fate. Although cell intrinsic controls play an important role in this process, the molecular nature of this regulation is not well defined. Here we assessed the role for Geminin, a nuclear protein expressed in embryonic cells, in neural fate acquisition from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. While Geminin knockdown does not affect the ability of ES cells to maintain or exit pluripotency, we found that it significantly impairs their ability to acquire a neural fate. Conversely, Geminin overexpression promotes neural gene expression, even in the presence of growth factor signaling that antagonizes neural transcriptional responses. These data demonstrate that Geminin’s activity contributes to mammalian neural cell fate acquisition. We investigated the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon and found that Geminin maintains a hyperacetylated and open chromatin conformation at neural genes. Interestingly, recombinant Geminin protein also rapidly alters chromatin acetylation and accessibility even when Geminin is combined with nuclear extract and chromatin in vitro. These findings define a novel activity for Geminin in regulation of chromatin structure. Together, these data support a role for Geminin as a cell intrinsic regulator of neural fate acquisition that promotes expression of neural genes by regulating chromatin accessibility and histone acetylation. Mouse embryonic stem cells were differentiated for two days in N2B27 medium, with or without Doxycycline-inducible shRNAmir knockdown of Geminin and compared by microarray. Three independent experiments were conducted, using two different mouse embryonic stem cell lines for Doxycycline-inducible knockdown of Geminin. The two ES lines express unique shRNAmir sequences targeting Geminin (shRNAmir #9 and #11) to control for off-target effects.
2011-03-18 | E-GEOD-25737 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:<p>The purpose of this study is to provide a reference profile of small extracellular RNAs in body fluids. These samples were originally obtained in a study that had a different purpose. The purpose of the original study was to add excess biological materials during the course of IVF treatment to a tissue bank. These biological materials included follicular fluid (the liquid that comes out of the ovary with the egg), granulosa cells (cells that surround the egg and help it grow), and other biological materials that help eggs, sperm, and embryos stay healthy and grow outside the body. These banked specimens would allow researchers to learn more about infertility and how to treat it, including studying how to identify the healthiest eggs, sperm, and embryos and how to help them stay healthy and grow.</p>
| phs001695 | dbGaP
Project description:We report reproductive tract extracellular vesicles (EVs) transmit information regarding stress in the paternal environment to sperm, ultimately altering fetal development. Using intracytoplasmic sperm injection, we found that sperm incubated with EVs collected from stress-treated epididymal epithelial cells produced offspring with altered neurodevelopment and adult stress reactivity. Proteomic and transcriptomic assessment of these EVs showed dramatic changes in protein and miRNA content long after stress treatment had ended.
2020-02-11 | GSE145051 | GEO
Project description:The environmental exposures and lifestyle of parents can alter the development of offspring. How this environmental information is coded into heritable messages to be transmitted by gametes remains unknown, but epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated. We recently determined that disruption of histone H3 di-methylation at lysine 4 (H3K4me2) in sperm has transgenerational consequences in the development of offspring. However, little is known about when in spermatogenesis histone methylation is established and whether epimutations induced in developing sperm are permanent. We hypothesize that epigenetic modifications to histones established in spermatogonia persist through spermatogenesis and can be transmitted to offspring via the sperm. Our objective was to determine what genomic regions bearing histone H3K4me2 in spermatogonia are also present in sperm. Methods: Using transgenic mice expressing Oct4-GFP, we isolated an enriched spermatogonia population and performed ChIP-seq for H3K4me2. Results: Our analysis revealed that H3K4me2 is located throughout the genome in spermatogonia and particularly at the transcription start site region (TSS) of more than 16,000 genes. Remarkably 44% of H3K4me2 peaks present in spermatogonia are conserved in sperm. The greatest overlap between spermatogonia and sperm occurred at the TSS with 83% similarity. Finally, we assessed the expression level of genes enriched in H3K4me2 in spermatogonia and sperm. We observed that genes with the highest enrichment in H3K4me2 in sperm are expressed at higher levels in spermatogenesis and during development. Conclusion: These findings suggest that if epimutations are induced in spermatogonia they may persist in sperm and influence the health and development of offspring.
2019-04-30 | GSE126303 | GEO
Project description:Vertebrate oocytes are coated with a special extracellular matrix termed egg-coat or Zona pellucida (ZP). Egg-coat is constituted by several ZP glycoproteins. In chicken fertilization, ejaculated sperm releases enzyme(s) to solubilize the ZP glycoprotein(s) for penetrating the egg-coat. In this study, we analyzed the solubilized ZP glycoprotein fragment. We also analyzed the glycosylation property of its fragment.
2019-08-01 | PXD013994 | JPOST Repository