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GADD45 promotes locus specific DNA demethylation and 2C cycling in embryonic stem cells

ABSTRACT: Mouse embryonic stem cell cultures contain a rare cell population of "2C-like" cells resembling 2-cell embryos, the key stage of zygotic genome activation (ZGA). Little is known about positive regulators of the 2C-like state and 2-cell stage embryos. We found that GADD45 (growth arrest and DNA damage 45) proteins, regulators of TET mediated DNA demethylation, promote both states. This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE127720 | GEO | 2019/05/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Gene expression changes in GADD45 deficient 2-cell mouse embryos

Project description:To study the role of GADD45 proteins in early mouse development, RNA-seq expression profiling was performed with Gadd45a/Gadd45b double knockout (DKO) and wild-type (WT) mouse embryos at 2-cell stage (2C).

2019-05-31 | GSE127719 | GEO

DPPA2/4 and SUMO E3 ligase PIAS4 opposingly regulate the emergence of 2C-like cells and zygotic transcriptional program

Project description:The molecular mechanism controlling the zygotic genome activation (ZGA) in mammals remains poorly understood. The 2C-like cells spontaneously emerging from cultures of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) share some key transcriptional and epigenetic programs with 2-cell stage embryos. By studying the transition of ESCs into 2C-like cells, we identified Dppa2/4 as important regulators controlling zygotic transcriptional program through directly upregulating the expression of Dux. In addition, we found that DPPA2 protein is sumoylated and its activity is negatively regulated by Sumo E3 ligase PIAS4. PIAS4 is downregulated during zygotic genome activation process and during transitioning of ESCs into 2C-like cells. Depleting Pias4 or overexpressing Dppa2/4 is sufficient to upregulateactivate 2C-like transcriptional program, while depleting Dppa2/4 or forced expression of PIAS4 or Sumo2-Dppa2 inhibits 2C-like transcriptional program. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Pias4 or Sumo2-Dppa2 impairs early mouse embryo development. In summary, our study identifies key molecular rivals consisting of transcription factors and a Sumo2 E3 ligase that regulate the transition of ESCs into 2C-like cells and zygotic transcriptional program upstream of Dux.

2019-03-06 | PXD012925 | Pride

GADD45 promotes locus specific DNA demethylation and 2C cycling in embryonic stem cells

Project description:GADD45 promotes locus specific DNA demethylation and 2C cycling in embryonic stem cells

| PRJNA525097 | ENA

SMARCAD1 and TOPBP1 contribute to heterochromatin maintenance at the transition from the 2C-like to the pluripotent state

Project description:Chromocenters are established after the 2-cell (2C) stage during mouse embryonic development, but the factors that mediate chromocenter formation remain largely unknown. To identify regulators of 2C heterochromatin establishment, we generated an inducible system to convert embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to 2C-like cells. This conversion is marked by a global reorganization and dispersion of H3K9me3-heterochromatin foci, which are then reversibly formed upon re-entry into pluripotency. Profiling the chromatin-bound proteome (chromatome) by genome capture of ESCs transitioning to 2C-like cells, we uncover chromatin regulators involved in de novo heterochromatin formation. We identified TOPBP1 and investigated its binding partner SMARCAD1. SMARCAD1 and TOPBP1 associate with H3K9me3-heterochromatin in ESCs. Interestingly, the nuclear localization of SMARCAD1 is lost in 2C-like cells. SMARCAD1 or TOPBP1 depletion in mouse embryos lead to developmental arrest, reduction of H3K9me3 and remodeling of heterochromatin foci. Collectively, our findings contribute to comprehending the maintenance of chromocenters during early development.

2023-04-18 | PXD019703 | Pride

2C::tomato ES cells, 2-cell embryos and wild type oocytes

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE33763: Expression data from 2C::tomato+ vs 2C::tomato - ES cells GSE33920: mRNA-Seq of 2C::tomato+ vs. - ES cells GSE33921: RNA-Seq from two-cell (2C) stage embryos GSE33922: RNA-Seq from wt oocytes GSE36896: RNA-Seq from wt and G9A knockout ES cells Refer to individual Series

2012-06-17 | E-GEOD-33923 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Duxbl-mediated suppression of ZGA drives totipotency to pluripotency transition in mice III

Project description:In mammalian embryos, Dux transcription factors (TF) drive a cleavage stage-specific transcriptional burst associated with zygotic genome activation (ZGA) during which hundreds of genes and endogenous retroviral (ERV) elements are transiently expressed. In mice, ZGA begins in late 1-cell (1C) embryos and is shut down within hours at the late 2-cell (2C) to 4-cell (4C) stage. While this transition is accompanied by the loss of totipotency, it is not clear whether shutdown of Dux-induced ZGA is required for this process and how ZGA is terminated. Here, we reveal an essential negative feedback axis by which the Dux family member Duxbl terminates Dux-induced ZGA from the mid 2C stage onward by direct suppression of genomic Dux target loci. Consequently, Duxbl inactivation results in sustained expression of Dux-induced ZGA leading to 4C arrest. Our study reveals the Dux/Duxbl axis that determines the timing of totipotency exit enabling the very first divergence of cell fates.

2023-12-07 | GSE213702 | GEO

Duxbl-mediated suppression of ZGA drives totipotency to pluripotency transition in mice II

2023-12-07 | GSE213701 | GEO

Duxbl-mediated suppression of ZGA drives totipotency to pluripotency transition in mice I

2023-12-07 | GSE213700 | GEO

Loss of DUX causes minor defects in zygotic genome activation and is compatible with mouse development

Project description:How maternal factors in oocytes trigger zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is a long-standing question in developmental biology. Recent studies in 2-cell like embryonic stem cells (2C-like cells) implicate that the DUX family transcription factors are key regulators of ZGA in placental mammals. To characterize the role of DUX in ZGA, we generated Dux cluster knockout (KO) mouse lines. Unexpectedly, we found both Dux zygotic KO (Z-KO) and maternal/zygotic KO (MZ-KO) embryos can survive to adulthood despite showing reduced developmental potential. Furthermore, transcriptome profiling of the MZ-KO embryos revealed that loss of DUX has minimal effect on ZGA and most DUX targets in 2C-like cells are normally activated in MZ-KO embryos. Thus, contrary to the key function in inducing 2C-like cells, our data indicate that DUX only has a minor role in ZGA and loss of DUX is compatible with mouse development.

2019-04-10 | GSE121746 | GEO

DPPA2 and DPPA4 are necessary to establish a 2C-like state in mouse embryonic stem cells [ChIP-seq]

Project description:After fertilization of the transcriptionally silent oocyte, expression from both parental chromosomes is launched through so-called zygotic genome activation (ZGA), occurring in the mouse at the 2-cell (2C) stage. Amongst the first elements to be transcribed are the Dux gene, the product of which secondarily induces a wide array of ZGA genes, and a subset of evolutionary recent LINE-1 retrotransposons, which regulate chromatin accessibility in the early embryo. The maternally-inherited factors that activate Dux and LINE-1 transcription have so far remained unknown. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) recapitulate some aspects of ZGA in culture, owing to their ability to cycle through a 2C-like stage where Dux, its target genes and LINE-1 integrants are expressed. Here we identify the paralog proteins DPPA2 and DPPA4 as necessary for activation of Dux and LINE-1 expression in mESCs. Since their encoding RNAs are maternally transmitted to the zygote, it is likely that these factors are important upstream mediators of murine ZGA.

2019-02-23 | GSE126921 | GEO

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