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Transcriptome analysis in buds of peach trees treated with hydrogen cyanamide that advanced bud break

ABSTRACT: To determine how dormancy breaking agent, hydrogen cyanamide (HC) advances bud break in peach (Prunus persica), this research compared the transcriptome of buds of low-chill ‘TropicBeauty’ peach trees treated with 1% (v/v) HC and that of non-treated trees at 3 and 7 days after treatment (DAT), respectively, using RNA sequencing analysis. The peak of total bud break occurred 6 weeks earlier in the HC treated trees (at 32 DAT) than the non-treated trees (at 74 DAT). There were 1312 and 1095 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 3 and 7 DAT, respectively. At 3 DAT, DEGs related to oxidative stress, including response to hypoxia, lipid oxidation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic process, were up regulated in HC-treated buds. Additionally, DEGs encoding enzymes for ROS scavenging and pentose phosphate pathway were up regulated at 3 DAT but were not differently expressed at 7 DAT, indicating a temporary demand for defense mechanisms against HC-triggered oxidative stress. Up regulation of DEGs for cell division and development at 7 DAT, which were down regulated at 3 DAT, suggests cell activity was initially suppressed but enhanced within 7 days following the treatment. At 7 DAT, DEGs related to cell wall degradation and modification were up-regulated, possibly responsible for the burst of buds. The results of this study strongly suggest that HC induces transient oxidative stress shortly after application leading to the release of bud dormancy and, subsequently, causes an increase in cell activity and cell wall loosening, thereby accelerating bud break in peach.

ORGANISM(S): Prunus persica

PROVIDER: GSE128158 | GEO | 2020/03/12

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Bud dormancy is a critical developmental process for perennial plant survival, and also an important physiological phase that affects the next season’s growth of temperate fruit trees. Bud dormancy is regulated by multiple genetic factors, and affected by various environmental factors, tree age and vigor. To understand molecular mechanism of bud dormancy in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.), we constructed a custom oligo DNA microarray covering the Japanese apricot dormant bud ESTs referring to peach (P. persica) genome sequence. Because endodormancy release is a chilling temperature-dependent physiological event, genes showing chilling-mediated differential expression patterns are candidates to control endodormancy release. Using the microarray constructed in this study, we monitored gene expression changes of dormant vegetative buds of Japanese apricot during prolonged artificial chilling exposure. In addition, we analyzed seasonal gene expression changes. ‘Nanko’ vegetative buds collected in November, and those exposed to chilling for 40 or 60 days were used as microarray samples. Among the 58539 different unigene probes, 2345 and 1059 genes were identified as being more than two-fold up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, following chilling exposure for 60 days (P value < 0.05). The down-regulated genes included P. mume DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box genes, which supported the previous quantitative RT-PCR and EST analyses showing that these genes are repressed by prolonged chilling treatments. The genes encoding lipoxygenase were remarkably up-regulated by prolonged chilling. Cluster analysis suggested that the expression of the genes showing expression changes by artificial chilling exposure were coordinately regulated by seasonal changes. Our parametric analysis of gene set enrichment suggested that genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) and oxylipin biosynthesis and metabolic processes were significantly up-regulated by prolonged chilling, whereas genes related to circadian rhythm were significantly down-regulated. The results obtained from the microarray analyses were verified by quantitative RT-PCR analysis of selected genes. Taken together, this study raised the possibility that the microarray platform constructed in this study is applicable for deeper understanding of molecular network related to agronomically important bud phisiologies including dormancy release.

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Transcriptome analysis in buds of peach trees treated with hydrogen cyanamide that advanced bud break

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