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NASC-seq monitors RNA synthesis in single cells

ABSTRACT: Sequencing of newly synthesized RNA can monitor transcriptional dynamics with great sensitivity and high temporal resolution, but is currently restricted to populations of cells. Here, we develop new transcriptome alkylation-dependent single-cell RNA sequencing (NASC-seq), to monitor newly synthesized and pre-existing RNA in single cells. We validate the method on pre-alkylated RNA, and by demonstrating that more newly synthesized RNA was detected for genes with known high mRNA turnover. NASC-seq reveals rapidly up- and down-regulated genes during T-cell activation, and RNA arising from induced genes is essentially only newly synthesized. The newly synthesized and pre-existing transcriptomes after T-cell activation are distinct, confirming that we simultaneously measure gene expression at two time points in single cells. Altogether, NASC-seq is an accessible and powerful tool to investigate transcriptional dynamics that enables the precise monitoring of RNA synthesis at flexible time periods during homeostasis, perturbation responses and cellular differentiation.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE128273 | GEO | 2019/07/18

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Dinoflagellates possess many physiological processes that appear to be under post-transcriptional control. However, the extent to which their genes are regulated post-transcriptionally remains unresolved. To gain insight into the role of differential mRNA stability in dinoflagellates, we biosynthetically labeled RNA with 4-thiouracil to isolate newly transcribed and pre-existing RNA pools in Karenia brevis. These isolated fractions were then used for analysis of global mRNA stability by hybridization to a K. brevis microarray. Global K. brevis mRNA half-lives were calculated from the ratio of newly transcribed/pre-existing RNA for 7086 array features using the online software HALO (Half-life Organizer). Overall, mRNA half-lives were substantially longer than reported in other organisms studied at the global level, ranging from 42 minutes to greater than 3 days, with a median of 33 hours. Thirteen percent of messages showed a half-life of 3 days, demonstrating their stability throughtout the course of the cell cycle and divison. Consistent with well-documented trends observed in other organisms, housekeeping processes, including energy metabolism and transport, were significantly enriched in the most highly stable messages. Shorter-lived transcripts included a higher proportion of transcriptional regulation, stress response, and other response/regulatory processes. Log phase cultures (n=6) were exposed to 0.2 mM 4-thiouracil for 2h to biosynthetically label newly transcribed RNA and total RNA was extracted. Following extraction, RNA was biotinylated to allow for purification of the thiolated newly synthesized RNA from the total RNA pool using streptavidin coated magnetic beads. From each replicate 3 pools of RNA, total RNA, pre-exisiting RNA, and newly synthesized RNA, were Cy3 labeled and hybridized to microarrys in a one color format. Based on the appearance of bioanlayzer profiles, total and pre-existing RNA were treated as total RNA, while newly synthesized RNA was treated as mRNA in the labeling protocol.

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NASC-seq monitors RNA synthesis in single cells

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