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Transcriptional network controlled by Candida albicans treated by a gemini quaternary ammonium compound, 1, 5-bis(dodecyl)-1, 1, 3, 5, 5-pentamethyl-3-aza-1, 5-pentanediammonium ditetrafluoroborate (PMT12-BF4)

ABSTRACT: In order to identify genes regulated by PMT12-BF4, we compared the genome-wide expression profile in wild-type strain SC5314 untreated or treated with PMT12-BF4 via RNA sequencing. Results showed that in C. albicans 69 genes were up-regulated and 30 genes were down-regulated in the presence of PMT12-BF4. Up-regulated genes were mostly involved in iron ion-related functions (e.g. RBT5, CFL5, CFL4, FET34, FET31 etc.), and down-regulated genes were largely involved in oxidoreductase activity, vitamin binding and coenzyme binding.

ORGANISM(S): Candida albicans

PROVIDER: GSE129191 | GEO | 2020/02/24

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Insights into the Metabolism of Elemental Sulfur by the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus: Characterization of a Coenzyme A-Dependent NAD(P)H Sulfur Oxidoreductase The hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, uses carbohydrates as a carbon source and produces acetate, CO2 and H2 as end products. When S° is added to a growing culture, within 10 min the rate of H2 production rapidly decreases and H2S is detected. After one hour cells contain high NADPH- and coenzyme A-dependent S° reduction activity (0.7 units/mg, 85°C) located in the cytoplasm. The enzyme responsible for this activity was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity (specific activity, 100 units/mg) and is termed NAD(P)H elemental sulfur oxidoreductase (NSR). NSR is a homodimeric flavoprotein (Mr 100 kDa) and is encoded by PF1186. This was previously assigned to an enzyme that reduces coenzyme A disulfide, which is a side-reaction of NSR. Whole genome DNA microarray and quantitative PCR analyses showed that the expression of NSR is up-regulated up to 7-fold within 10 min of S° addition. This primary response to S° also involves the up-regulation (> 16-fold) of a 13 gene cluster encoding a membrane-bound oxidoreductase (MBX). MBX is proposed replace the homologous 14 gene cluster that encodes the ferredoxin-oxidizing, H2-evolving membrane-bound hydrogenase (MBH), which is down-regulated >12-fold within 10 min of S° addition. Although an activity for MBX could not be demonstrated, it is proposed to conserve energy by oxidizing ferredoxin and reducing NADP, which is used by NSR to reduce S°. A secondary response to S° is observed 30 min after S° addition and includes the up-regulation of genes encoding proteins involved in amino acid biosynthesis and iron metabolism, as well as two so-called sulfur-induced proteins, termed SipA and SipB. This novel S°-reducing system involving NSR and MBX is so far unique to the heterotrophic Thermococcales, and is in contrast to the cytochrome- and quinone-based S°-reducing system in autotrophic archaea and bacteria. Keywords: time course, kinetic, sulfur metabolism, archaea, Pyrococcus furiosus, hyperthermophile

Project description:Azole resistance and varying degrees of cross-resistance to other members of the azole family in clinical isolates have been documented, which has necessitated additional and prolonged use of the antifungal agents available. 2-Amino-Nonyl-6-Methoxyl-Tetralin Muriate (10b), a novel chemical structural aminotetralin derivate, is synthesized as an antifungal agent and exibited strong antifungal activity. To further investigated the action mechanism, we used microarray analysis to investigate the genes expression profiles of C. albicans cells treated or untreated with 10b and found 957 genes were differentially expressed. Of them,457 showed a decrease in expression and 500 showed an increase in expression. 33 down-regulated genes were involved in glycolysis (e.g., PFK1, CDC19 and HXK2), fermentation (e.g., PDC11, ALD5 and ADH1) and respiratory electron transport chain (e.g., CBP3, COR1 and QCR8). 30 differentially expressed genes were found to relate to biofilm formation, filamentous or hyphal growth. It was noticed that striking up-regulation of SFL1 and marked down-regulation of YWP1 directly related to prevent C. albicans from changing its morphology from the yeast form to the hyphal. Two genes related to specifically hydrolyzing beta-1, 3 glucan (e.g., XOG1) and chitin (e.g., CHT1) were significantly increased. 40 overexpressed genes and 15 down-regulated genes were related to the lipid metabolic process. Of them, Eight were directly linked to ergosterol biosynthesis, including ERG2, ERG6 and ERG11. 99 genes related to translation were down-regulated following exposure to 10b, which account for 21.66% in down-regulated genes. This suggested that translation might be lower in SC5314 cells exposed to 10b than in control. Total RNA from the control SC5314 cells and 10b-treated SC5314 cells were used to generate target cDNA, and then hybridized to 8k Candida albicans Genome Array Genechips, representing about 7925 characterized Candida albicans genes. Two independent experiments were conducted. Reference strain was control SC5314 cells and test strain was SC5314 cells treated with 10b.

Dataset Information

Transcriptional network controlled by Candida albicans treated by a gemini quaternary ammonium compound, 1, 5-bis(dodecyl)-1, 1, 3, 5, 5-pentamethyl-3-aza-1, 5-pentanediammonium ditetrafluoroborate (PMT12-BF4)

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