Epigenetic regulation of mammalian Hedgehog signaling to the stroma determines the molecular subtype of human bladder cancer
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE129441 | GEO | 2019/04/09
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Aberrant activation of Hedgehog pathway is responsible for initiation and maintenance of various cancers, including medulloblastoma (MB), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and other solid and hematological tumors. Therefore, targeting Hh pathway represents promising therapeutic prospects for Hh-driven cancers. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to the discovery of Hh pathway inhibitor. While the majority of Hh pathway inhibitors target the upstream membrane protein Smoothened (SMO). Here, we performed Next Generation Sequencing to reveal the target genes of Hh pathway by treating mouse SHH-subtype medulloblastoma cells (SmoWT) with SMO inhibitor (GDC0449) or DMSO.
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Project description:Aneuploidy is among the most common hallmarks of cancer, yet the underlying genetic mechanisms are still poorly defined. We have recently identified STAG2 as a gene that is mutated in human cancer and whose inactivation leads directly to chromosomal instability and aneuploidy. However, no single tumor type has yet been identified in which inactivation of a cohesin subunit represents a predominant mutational event. Here we used immunohistochemistry to screen a panel of 2,214 tumors from each of the major human tumor types to identify additional tumor types harboring somatic loss of STAG2. Strikingly, STAG2 expression was completely absent in 18% of urothelial carcinomas, the most common type of bladder cancer and the fifth most common cancer in the United States. DNA sequencing revealed that somatic mutations of STAG2 were present in 21% of urothelial carcinomas, which were found to be a group of highly aneuploid tumors. The acquisition of STAG2 mutations was shown to be an early event in the pathogenesis of urothelial carcinoma. STAG2 loss was significantly associated with lymph node invasion, increased disease recurrence, and reduced cancer-specific survival. These results identify STAG2 as one of the most commonly mutated genes in bladder cancer discovered to date, and demonstrate that STAG2 inactivation defines an aggressive subtype of bladder cancer with particularly poor prognosis. Affymetrix CytoScan HD Arrays were performed according to the manufacturer's directions on genomic DNA extracted directly from snap-frozen human urothelial carcinoma primary tumors. Copy number analysis using Affymetrix CytoScan HD Arrays was performed for 12 human urothelial carcinomas of the bladder with truncating mutations of the STAG2 gene.
2013-06-30 | E-GEOD-41581 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Attenuation of Hedgehog (Hh) pathway activity leads to accelerated tumor progression in a mouse model of N-butyl-N-4-hydroxybutyl nitrosamine (BBN) – induced bladder carcinoma. In order to identify genes regulated by the Hh pathway that might be involved in bladder cancer progression, we performed transcriptional profiling of bladders harvested from mice after BBN-exposure, comparing Gli1CreER/WT; Smoflox/WT mice to Gli1CreER/WT; Smoflox/flox mice, which express CreER under control of the Gli1 promoter and carry one or two floxed alleles of the essential Hh pathway transductory component Smoothened (Smo) respectively. Administration of Tamoxifen to these mice results in attenuation of Hh pathway activty to a greater extent in the Gli1CreER/WT;Smoflox/flox mice as compared to Gli1CreER/WT;Smoflox/WT mice, allowing identification of Hh-pathway regulated genes. 6 total samples were analyzed. 3 bladders from Gli1CreER/WT; Smoflox/WT mice and 3 bladders from Gli1CreER/WT; Smoflox/flox mice were analyzed.
2014-08-27 | E-GEOD-60654 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Attenuation of Hedgehog (Hh) pathway activity leads to accelerated tumor progression in a mouse model of N-butyl-N-4-hydroxybutyl nitrosamine (BBN) – induced bladder carcinoma. In order to identify genes regulated by the Hh pathway that might be involved in bladder cancer progression, we performed transcriptional profiling of bladders harvested from mice after BBN-exposure, comparing Gli1CreER/WT; Smoflox/WT mice to Gli1CreER/WT; Smoflox/flox mice, which express CreER under control of the Gli1 promoter and carry one or two floxed alleles of the essential Hh pathway transductory component Smoothened (Smo) respectively. Administration of Tamoxifen to these mice results in attenuation of Hh pathway activty to a greater extent in the Gli1CreER/WT;Smoflox/flox mice as compared to Gli1CreER/WT;Smoflox/WT mice, allowing identification of Hh-pathway regulated genes.
2014-08-27 | GSE60654 | GEO
Project description:Epithelial Hedgehog (Hh) ligands regulate several aspects of fetal intestinal organogenesis and emerging data implicate the Hh pathway in inflammatory signaling in adult colon. We investigated the effects of chronic Hh inhibition in vivo and profiled molecular pathways acutely modulated by Hh signaling in the intestinal mesenchyme. Experiment Overall Design: E18.5 intestinal mesenchyme was isolated and cultured. Mesenchyme was treated with Sonic (Shh) or Indian (Ihh) hedgehog ligand or Vehicle (control) acutely to identify targets regulated by Hh signaling in intestinal mesenchyme.
2009-11-10 | E-GEOD-17840 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Aberrant activation of Hedgehog (HH) signaling has been identified as a key etiologic factor of many human malignancies. Signal strength, target gene specificity, and oncogenic activity of HH signaling profoundly depend on interactions with other pathways such as epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated signaling which has been shown to cooperate with HH/GLI in basal cell carcinoma and pancreatic cancer. We demonstrate that the human medulloblastoma cell line Daoy possesses a fully inducible endogenous HH pathway. Treatment of Daoy cells with Sonic Hedgehog or Smoothened agonist induced expression of GLI1 protein and prevented processing of GLI3 to its repressor form. To study interactions between HH- and EGF-induced signaling in greater detail, time-resolved measurements were carried out and analyzed on the transcriptomic as well as proteomic level. Daoy cells responded to the co-treatment by downregulating GLI1, PTCH, and HHIP on the transcript level which was also seen when Amphiregulin (AREG) was used instead of EGF. The finding that EGFR signaling silences proteins acting as negative regulators of HH signaling is firstly described here as a novel crosstalk mechanism. Furthermore, combined EGFR/HH signaling maintains high GLI1 protein levels contrasting its downregulation on the transcript level. On the other hand, high level synergism was observed with respect to a strong and significant upregulation of numerous canonical EGF-targets with putative tumor-promoting properties such as MMP7, VEGFA, and IL-8. In conclusion, synergistic effects between EGFR and HH signaling can selectively induce a switch from a canonical HH/GLI profile to a modulated specific target gene profile pointing to more wide-spread, yet context-dependent, interactions between HH/GLI and growth factor receptor signaling in human malignancies. To study interactions between HH- and EGF-induced signaling, time-resolved measurements were carried out over a period of 24 h at 14 different time points after stimulation by EGF with and without additional stimulation by SHH. Furthermore, as a control, cells without any stimulation by EGF and SHH (control) and cells in the presents of SHH were analyzed. Overall, three biological replicates of 60 different treatment/timepoints were analyzed yielding 180 different samples.
2014-07-31 | E-GEOD-46045 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We describe a relationship between CD24 and the Hedgehog (Hh) ligand Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), and reveal a role for this relationship in the induction of a malignant phenotype in breast cancer. Anchorage-dependent proliferation, anchorage-independent proliferation, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity in breast cancer cells (BCCs) transfected with siRNA and plasmid targeting Hh signaling, CD24, and STAT1 were investigated. CD24 siRNA-transfected BCCs demonstrated higher expression of SHH and GLI1, increased anchorage-independent proliferation, enhanced invasiveness and superior tumorigenicity compared with control. Conversely, CD24 forced-expressing BCCs possessed decreased SHH and GLI1 expression, anchorage-independent proliferation, and invasiveness. Suppression of SHH decreased invasiveness through inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression, GLI1 expression, anchorage-independent proliferation, tumorigenicity, and tumor volume in vivo in CD24 siRNA-transfected BCCs. DNA microarray analysis identified STAT1 as a connection between CD24 and SHH. CD24 siRNA-transfected BCCs with concurrent STAT1 inhibition exhibited decreased SHH expression, invasiveness, anchorage-independent proliferation, tumorigenicity, and tumor volume in vivo. Consistently, STAT1 over-expression induced elevated SHH expression, invasiveness, and anchorage-independent proliferation in BCCs. These results suggest that CD24 suppresses development of a malignant phenotype by down-regulating SHH transcription through STAT1 inhibition.
2015-11-30 | GSE73960 | GEO
Project description:We describe a relationship between CD24 and the Hedgehog (Hh) ligand Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), and reveal a role for this relationship in the induction of a malignant phenotype in breast cancer. Anchorage-dependent proliferation, anchorage-independent proliferation, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity in breast cancer cells (BCCs) transfected with siRNA and plasmid targeting Hh signaling, CD24, and STAT1 were investigated. CD24 siRNA-transfected BCCs demonstrated higher expression of SHH and GLI1, increased anchorage-independent proliferation, enhanced invasiveness and superior tumorigenicity compared with control. Conversely, CD24 forced-expressing BCCs possessed decreased SHH and GLI1 expression, anchorage-independent proliferation, and invasiveness. Suppression of SHH decreased invasiveness through inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression, GLI1 expression, anchorage-independent proliferation, tumorigenicity, and tumor volume in vivo in CD24 siRNA-transfected BCCs. DNA microarray analysis identified STAT1 as a connection between CD24 and SHH. CD24 siRNA-transfected BCCs with concurrent STAT1 inhibition exhibited decreased SHH expression, invasiveness, anchorage-independent proliferation, tumorigenicity, and tumor volume in vivo. Consistently, STAT1 over-expression induced elevated SHH expression, invasiveness, and anchorage-independent proliferation in BCCs. These results suggest that CD24 suppresses development of a malignant phenotype by down-regulating SHH transcription through STAT1 inhibition.
2015-11-30 | GSE73959 | GEO
Project description:PURPOSE: Despite over 70,000 new cases of bladder cancer in the United States annually, patients with advanced disease have a poor prognosis due to limited treatment modalities. We evaluate the role of Aurora A, identified as an upregulated candidate molecule in bladder cancer, in regulating bladder tumor growth. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Gene expression in human bladder cancer samples was evaluated using RNA microarray and reverse-transcriptase PCR. The specific Aurora kinase A inhibitor MLN8237 (Millennium) was used to determine effects on bladder cancer cell growth using in vitro and in vivo models using malignant T24 and UM-UC-3 and papilloma-derived RT4 bladder cells. RESULTS: Urothelial carcinoma upregulates a set of 13 mitotic spindle associated transcripts, as compared to normal urothelium, including MAD2L1 (7.6-fold), BUB1B (8.8-fold), Aurora kinases A (5.6-fold) and Aurora kinase B (6.2-fold). Application of MLN8237 (10nM-1µM) to the human bladder tumor cell lines T24 and UM-UC-3 induced dose-dependent G2 cell cycle arrest, aneuploidy, mitotic spindle abnormalities, and apoptosis. MLN8237 arrested tumor growth when administered orally over 4 weeks in a mouse bladder cancer xenograft model (p<0.05). Finally, in vitro combination of MLN8237 with either paclitaxel or gemcitabine produced schedule-dependent synergistic antiproliferative effects in T24 cells when administered sequentially. CONCLUSIONS: Mitotic spindle checkpoint dysfunction is a common characteristic of human urothelial carcinoma, and can be exploited with pharmacologic Aurora A inhibition. Future studies that explore the mechanisms of spindle checkpoint failure in bladder cancer and evaluate the therapeutic role of Aurora kinases for bladder cancer patients would be of value. Tissue samples with urothelial cell carcinoma from bladder as well as normal references were collected and the gene expression profiles were compared. No technical replicates.
2013-05-01 | E-GEOD-42089 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Canonical Hedgehog (Hh) signaling regulates the expression of genes that are critical to the patterning and development of a variety of organ systems. In adult, both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent Hh pathway activation are known to promote tumorigenesis. Recent studies have shown that in tumors promoted by Hh ligand, activation occurs within the stromal microenvironment (Yauch et al., 2009). In situ hybridization of the pathway target gene, Ptch1, shows that signaling is located at stromal perivascular fibroblast-like cells in xenograft tumor sections derived from Hh-expressing colorectal cancer cell lines. To study the downstream genes regulated by Hh signaling, we treated a primary human colon myofibroblast, CCD-18Co, with SHH (1 ug/ml) or no treatment (control) in serum-free medium supplemented with 0.1% BSA for 72 hrs and performed microarray analysis (Affymetrix U133P) on these samples. Three biological replicates of SHH stimulated and three replicates of unstimulated primary colon myofibroblast cells CCD-18Co were used in the experiment to analyze their gene expression.
2011-05-17 | E-GEOD-29316 | biostudies-arrayexpress