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Lmx1b is required at multiple stages to build expansive serotonergic axon architectures

ABSTRACT: Formation of long-range axons occurs over multiple stages of morphological maturation. However, the intrinsic transcriptional mechanisms that temporally control different stages of axon projection development are unknown. Here, we addressed this question by studying the formation of mouse serotonin (5-HT) axons, the exemplar of long-range profusely arborized axon architectures. We report that LIM homeodomain factor 1b (Lmx1b)-deficient 5-HT neurons fail to generate axonal projections to the forebrain and spinal cord. Stage-specific targeting demonstrates that Lmx1b is required at successive stages to control 5-HT axon primary outgrowth, selective routing, and terminal arborization. We show a Lmx1b→Pet1 regulatory cascade is temporally required for 5-HT arborization and upregulation of the 5-HT axon arborization gene, Protocadherin-alphac2, during postnatal development of forebrain 5-HT axons. Our findings identify a temporal regulatory mechanism in which a single continuously expressed transcription factor functions at successive stages to orchestrate the progressive development of long-range axon architectures enabling expansive neuromodulation.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE130514 | GEO | 2019/08/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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An adult-stage transcriptional program for survival of serotonergic connectivity

Project description:Neurons must function for decades of life but how these non-dividing cells are preserved is poorly understood. Using mouse serotonin (5-HT) neurons as a model, we discovered a novel adult-stage transcriptional program specialized to ensure the preservation of serotonergic connectivity. We uncover a switch in Lmx1b and Pet1 transcription factor function from controlling embryonic axonal growth to sustaining a transcriptomic signature of serotonergic connectivity comprising functionally diverse synaptic and axonal genes. Adult-stage deficiency of Lmx1b and Pet1 caused slowly progressive degeneration of 5-HT synapses and axons, increased susceptibility of 5-HT axons to neurotoxic injury, and abnormal stress responses. Axon degeneration occurred in a die back pattern and was accompanied by accumulation of alpha-synuclein and APP in spheroids and mitochondrial fragmentation without cell body loss. Our findings suggest neuronal connectivity is transcriptionally protected by maintenance of connectivity transcriptomes; progressive decay of such transcriptomes may contribute to age-related diseases of brain circuitry.

2022-03-24 | GSE189052 | GEO

Lmx1b is required at multiple stages to build expansive serotonergic axon architectures

Project description:Lmx1b is required at multiple stages to build expansive serotonergic axon architectures

| PRJNA540504 | ENA

The dynamic translatome of retinal ganglion cell axons during assembly and maintenance of the mouse visual system

Project description:Local mRNA translation mediates the adaptive responses of axons to extrinsic signals but direct evidence that it occurs in mammalian CNS axons in vivo is scant. We developed an axon-TRAP-RiboTag approach in mouse that allows deep-sequencing analysis of ribosome-bound mRNAs in the retinal ganglion cell axons of the developing and adult retinotectal projection in vivo. The embryonic-to-postnatal axonal translatome comprises an evolving subset of enriched genes with axon-specific roles suggesting distinct steps in axon wiring, such as elongation, pruning and synaptogenesis. Adult axons, remarkably, have a complex translatome with strong links to axon survival, neurotransmission and neurodegenerative disease. Translationally co-regulated mRNA subsets share common upstream regulators, and novel sequence elements generated by alternative splicing that promote axonal mRNA translation. Our results indicate that intricate regulation of compartment-specific mRNA translation in mammalian CNS axons supports the formation and maintenance of neural circuits in vivo. The profiling of ribosome-bound mRNAs in mouse retinal ganglion cell axons at 4 different developmental stages

2016-06-16 | E-GEOD-79352 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data from embryonic mouse cervical spinal cords

Project description:Mammalian motor circuits control voluntary movements by transmitting signals from the central nervous system (CNS) to muscle targets. To form these circuits, motor neurons (MNs) must extend their axons out of the CNS. Although motor axon exit from the CNS is an indispensable phase of motor axon pathfinding, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we present the first identification of a genetic pathway that¬†regulates motor axon exit from the vertebrate spinal cord, utilizing spinal accessory motor neurons (SACMN) as a model system. SACMN are a homogeneous population of spinal MNs whose axons leave the CNS through a discrete lateral exit point (LEP) and can be visualized by the expression of the cell surface protein, BEN. We show that the homeodomain transcription factor, Nkx2.9, is selectively required for SACMN axon exit and identify the Robo2 guidance receptor as a likely downstream effector of Nkx2.9; loss of Nkx2.9 leads to a reduction in Robo2 mRNA and protein within SACMN and SACMN axons fail to exit the spinal cord in Robo2-deficient mice. Consistent with short-range interactions between Robo2 and Slit ligands regulating SACMN axon exit, Robo2-expressing SACMN axons normally navigate through LEP-associated Slits as they emerge from the spinal cord, and fail to exit in Slit-deficient mice. Our studies support the view that Nkx2.9 controls SACMN axon exit from the mammalian spinal cord by regulating Robo-Slit signaling. We utilized microarray technology to identify novel downstream effectors of the homeodomain transcription factor, Nkx2.9, that regulate spinal accessory motor neuron development.

2013-06-15 | E-GEOD-47953 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptomic (RNA-seq) analysis of wild-type and Nolz1-/- (Zfp503) mutant striatal tissue reveals altered expression of several genes involved in striatal projection neuron specification.

Project description:Midbrain dopaminergic (DA) axons make long longitudinal projections towards target areas in the forebrain, including the striatum. After demonstrating a striatal specific requirement of transcriptional regulator Nolz1 (Zfp503) in regulating DA axon guidance and innervation, we performed RNA-seq analysis on both wild-type and Nolz1-/- mutant striatal tissue. The gene expression analysis revealed a requirement of Nolz1 in regulating striatal projection neuron specification. The RNA-seq results reveal several secreted factors that underlie the observed guidance defects and resulted in the identification of proteins that can restore DA axonal outgrowth.

2020-05-12 | E-MTAB-8240 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data from embryonic mouse cervical spinal cords

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2013-06-15 | GSE47953 | GEO

RNAseq of fluidically isolated human and mouse motor neuron somas and axons in vitro

Project description:Spinal motor axons traverse large distances to innervate target muscle, and thus require local control of cellular events for proper functioning of the distal axon. To interrogate axon-specific processes we developed Axon-seq, a refined method incorporating microfluidic devices and stringent bioinformatic quality controls. Axon-seq demonstrates improved sensitivity and accuracy in whole-transcriptome sequencing of axons compared to previously published studies. Importantly, we show that axon transcriptomes are distinct from those of somas, displaying fewer detected genes and no contaminating astrocytic markers. We identified >5,000 transcripts in stem cell-derived spinal motor axons required for local oxidative energy production and ribosome generation. Axons contained unique transcription factor mRNAs, e.g. Ybx1, with implications for local axonal functions. Cross-comparison with existing mouse motor axon datasets, as well as our own human motor axon data identified a common axon transcriptome. As motor axons degenerate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we investigated their response to the disease-causing SOD1G93A mutation, identifying 121 ALS-dysregulated transcripts. Several of these are implicated in axonal and dendritic outgrowth, including Nrp1, Dbn1, and Nek1, a known ALS-causing gene. In conclusion, Axon-seq proves a robust and improved method for RNA-seq of axons, furthers our understanding of peripheral axon biology, and identifies novel therapeutic targets to maintain neural connectivity in disease.

2018-12-11 | GSE121069 | GEO

Differenetial Gene Expression in Limbs of Wild Type and Lmx1b KO mice during limb dorsalization (e11.5, e12.5 & e13.5)

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2021-02-12 | PXD020221 | Pride

Genome wide chromatin accessibility analysis reveals a role for CREB in retinal ganglion cells axon growth decline in development and regeneration after optic nerve injury [RNA-seq]

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