Similar Datasets
Project description:TREM2 is a microglial-specific gene implicated in late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Recent studies have identified that Trem2-deficient mice exhibit transcriptional changes in microglial gene expression that minimize the upregulation of lipid metabolism and lysosomal genes in AD disease models. We find that chronic phagocytic challenge from demyelination generates similiarly attenuated expression of lysosomal and lipid metabolism genes in microglia isolated from Trem2 knockout mouse brain.
2019-12-21 | GSE124266 | GEO
Project description:TREM2 is a microglial-specific gene implicated in late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Recent studies have identified that Trem2-deficient mice exhibit transcriptional changes in microglial gene expression that minimize the upregulation of lipid metabolism and lysosomal genes in AD disease models. We find that chronic phagocytic challenge from demyelination generates similiarly attenuated expression of lysosomal and lipid metabolism genes in microglia isolated from Trem2 knockout mouse brain.
2019-12-21 | GSE130626 | GEO
Project description:TREM2 regulates microglial cholesterol metabolism upon chronic phagocytic challenge
| PRJNA540829 | ENA
Project description:TREM2 regulates microglial cholesterol metabolism upon chronic phagocytic challenge [bulk RNA-seq]
| PRJNA511441 | ENA
Project description:TREM2 regulates microglial cholesterol metabolism upon chronic phagocytic challenge [single-cell RNA-Seq]
| PRJNA540830 | ENA
Project description:Microglia adopt numerous fates with homeostatic microglia (HM) and a microglial neurodegenerative phenotype (MGnD) representing two opposite ends. A number of variants in genes selectively expressed in microglia are associated with an increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Among these genes are progranulin (GRN) and the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). Both cause neurodegeneration by mechanisms involving loss of function. We have now isolated microglia from Grn-/- mice and compared their transcriptomes to those of Trem2-/-mice Surprisingly, while loss of Trem2 enhances the expression of genes associated with a homeostatic state, microglia derived from Grn-/- mice showed a reciprocal activation of the MGnD molecular signature and suppression of gene characteristic for HM The opposite mRNA expression profiles are associated with divergent functional phenotypes. Although loss of TREM2 and progranulin resulted in opposite activation states and functional phenotypes of microglia, FDG (fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose)-μPET of brain revealed reduced glucose metabolism in both conditions, suggesting that opposite microglial phenotypes result in similar wide spread brain dysfunction.
| S-EPMC6554672 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Microglia adopt numerous fates with homeostatic microglia (HM) and a microglial neurodegenerative phenotype (MGnD) representing two opposite ends. A number of variants in genes selectively expressed in microglia are associated with an increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Among these genes are progranulin (GRN) and the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). Both cause neurodegeneration by mechanisms involving loss-of-function. We have now isolated microglia from Grn-/- mice and compared their transcriptomes to those of Trem2-/- mice. Surprisingly, while loss of Trem2 enhances the expression of genes associated with a homeostatic state, microglia derived from Grn-/- mice showed a reciprocal activation of the MGnD molecular signature and suppression of genes characteristic for HM. The opposite mRNA expression profiles are associated with divergent functional phenotypes. Although loss of TREM2 and progranulin resulted in opposite activation states and functional phenotypes of microglia, FDG (fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose)-?PET of brain revealed reduced glucose metabolism in both conditions, suggesting that opposite microglial phenotypes result in similar wide spread brain dysfunction.
| S-SCDT-EMM-2018-09711 | biostudies-other
Project description:TREM2 is a microglial-specific gene implicated in late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Recent studies have identified that Trem2-deficient mice exhibit transcriptional changes in microglial gene expression that minimize the upregulation of lipid metabolism and lysosomal genes in AD disease models. We detect similiarly attenuated expression of lipid metabolism genes in microglia isolated from brains of aged Trem2 knockout mice.
2019-12-21 | GSE134031 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundPlasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is the primary inhibitor of urokinase type plasminogen activators (uPA) and tissue type plasminogen activators (tPA), which mediate fibrinolysis. PAI-1 is also involved in the innate immunity by regulating cell migration and phagocytosis. However, little is known about the role of PAI-1 in the central nervous system.MethodsIn this study, we identified PAI-1 in the culture medium of mouse mixed glial cells by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Secretion of PAI-1 from glial cultures was detected by ELISA and western blotting analysis. Cell migration was evaluated by in vitro scratch-wound healing assay or Boyden chamber assay and an in vivo stab wound injury model. Phagocytic activity was measured by uptake of zymosan particles.ResultsThe levels of PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression were increased by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ stimulation in both microglia and astrocytes. PAI-1 promoted the migration of microglial cells in culture via the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) 1/Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 axis. PAI-1 also increased microglial migration in vivo when injected into mouse brain. PAI-1-mediated microglial migration was independent of protease inhibition, because an R346A mutant of PAI-1 with impaired PA inhibitory activity also promoted microglial migration. Moreover, PAI-1 was able to modulate microglial phagocytic activity. PAI-1 inhibited microglial engulfment of zymosan particles in a vitronectin- and Toll-like receptor 2/6-dependent manner.ConclusionOur results indicate that glia-derived PAI-1 may regulate microglial migration and phagocytosis in an autocrine or paracrine manner. This may have important implications in the regulation of brain microglial activities in health and disease.
| S-EPMC3418576 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Microglia are phagocytic cells that survey the brain and perform neuroprotective functions in response to tissue damage, but their activating receptors are largely unknown. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a microglial immunoreceptor whose loss-of-function mutations in humans cause presenile dementia, while genetic variants are associated with increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. In myeloid cells, TREM2 has been involved in the regulation of phagocytosis, cell proliferation and inflammatory responses in vitro. However, it is unknown how TREM2 contributes to microglia function in vivo. Here, we identify a critical role for TREM2 in the activation and function of microglia during cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination. TREM2-deficient (TREM2(-/-)) mice had defective clearance of myelin debris and more axonal pathology, resulting in impaired clinical performances compared to wild-type (WT) mice. TREM2(-/-) microglia proliferated less in areas of demyelination and were less activated, displaying a more resting morphology and decreased expression of the activation markers MHC II and inducible nitric oxide synthase as compared to WT. Mechanistically, gene expression and ultrastructural analysis of microglia suggested a defect in myelin degradation and phagosome processing during CPZ intoxication in TREM2(-/-) microglia. These findings place TREM2 as a key regulator of microglia activation in vivo in response to tissue damage.
| S-EPMC4667728 | biostudies-literature