The Glucocorticoid Receptor couples endocrine signalling to synaptic activity dependent gene transcription via a metabotropic glutamate receptor-regulated pathway in zebrafish - BisPCR2 data
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Danio rerio
PROVIDER: GSE134810 | GEO | 2023/09/18
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) is a transcriptional regulator which co-ordinates behavioural, metabolic and immune responses to stressors. Previous studies have shown that wild-type and grs357 mutant zebrafish exhibit a range of behavioural differences, implying possible roles for GR function in the brain. As part of a study to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the behaviours that are regulated by GR, we compared the brain transcriptomes of wild-type and grs357 mutant adults. RNA-seq analysis identified 19 Biological Process and 4 Molecular Function Gene Ontology (GO) terms that were particularly sensitive to loss of GR function. Foremost among the Biological Process terms linked to GR function are Chaperone-mediated Protein Folding, Regulation of Circadian Rhythm and Regulation of Primary Metabolic Process, each of which is accompanied by several other closely related GO terms. In addition, the Biological Process GO term Behavior was significantly associated with 32 genes exhibiting GR-regulated gene transcription. The Molecular Function terms most closely linked to GR function are Heat Shock Protein Binding, Protein Serine/Threonine Kinase Activity, Transcription Regulator Activity and Unfolded Protein Binding. Taken together, our results identify key biological processes and novel molecular mechanisms through which the GR likely regulates responses to stress in the zebrafish adult brain.
2023-09-06 | GSE213505 | GEO
Project description:While the paradigm that genetic predisposition and environmental exposures interact to shape development and function of the human brain and ultimately the risk of psychiatric disorders has drawn wide interest, the corresponding molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated yet. Here we show that a functional polymorphism altering chromatin interaction between the transcription start site and long range enhancers in the FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) gene, an important regulator of the stress hormone system, increases the risk of developing stress-related psychiatric disorders in adulthood by allele-specific, childhood trauma-dependent DNA demethylation in functional glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) of FKBP5. This demethylation is linked to increased stress-dependent gene transcription followed by a long-term dysregulation of the stress hormone system and a global impact on the function of immune cells and brain areas associated with stress regulation. This first identification of molecular mechanisms of genotype-directed long-term environmental reactivity will also critically contribute to designing more effective treatment strategies for stress-related disorders. Effects of FKBP5 rs1360780 genotype x environment interaction on peripheral blood mRNA expression of GR responsive genes, as measured by gene expression arrays, were explored in 129 individuals (child abuse/risk allele carrier N = 40, child abuse/protective allele carrier N = 15; and no child abuse/risk allele carrier N = 60, no child abuse/protective allele carrier N = 14). In all 129 individuals, 1627 transcripts showed a significant correlation with plasma cortisol concentrations, suggesting their GR responsiveness. The correlation of 76 of these transcripts with cortisol plasma levels showed significant differences when stratifying by FKBP5 genotype in individuals with child abuse (Fisher z score ≥ 1.96) For these 76 transcripts, the mean absolute correlation coefficient with plasma cortisol was R = 0.23 in the risk allele carriers with child abuse, that is those exhibiting a demethylation of FKBP5 intron 7 as compared to R = 0.74 in the carriers of the protective genotype with child abuse where intron 7 methylation remains largely stable. This indicates a relative GR-resistance in the trauma exposed FKBP5 risk allele vs. protective genotype carriers. These 76 transcripts did not show a genotype-dependent difference in correlation coefficients in non-trauma exposed individuals suggesting that exposure to early trauma enhances FKBP5 genotype-dependent effect of GR sensitivity, most likely by epigenetic mechanisms. These findings suggest that the combination of FKBP5 risk allele carrier status and early trauma exposure alters the stress hormone-dependent regulation of several genes in peripheral blood cells, and might thereby enhance the reported association of early trauma with immune and inflammatory dysregulation, further promoting system-wide symptoms of stress-related disorders.
2012-11-03 | E-GEOD-42002 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Microglia (CD11b+ cells) were isolated from brain tissue of stress-naïve wild type and CB1-deficient (Cnr1-/-) mice using magnetic cell separation and gene expression analysed using 3' mRNA sequencing. Differential gene expression showed that Cnr1-/- microglial transcriptomes do not fundamentally differ from those of wild type controls. Only seven differentilly expressed genes remained significant after correcting for multiple testing. The top hit was Fkbp5 (encoding FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5), a regulator of glucocorticoid receptor activity.
2021-12-31 | GSE152266 | GEO
Project description:Psychological stress is a risk factor for several diseases. In particular, stressor exposure has been linked with various psychiatric disorders. Since the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a central role in the regulation of stress responses, it has been implicated in the etiology of stress related disorders such as PTSD. The HPA axis regulate synthesis and release of glucocorticoids and its dysregulation cause abnormal response to stress. FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5) is a co chaperone of HSP90 in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) molecular complex and a key regulator of the sensitivity of GR. In this study, we profiled the miRNAs in the prefrontal cortex of FKBP5 knock out mice compared to the wild type. Subsequently, we profiled target mRNAs for differentially expressed miRNAs in the FKBP5 deficient mice using several tools for sequence-based miRNA target prediction such as miRDB, DIANA tool, miRmap and TargetScan. Gene ontology analysis suggested that differentially expressed miRNAs in the brain of FKBP5 deficient mice may be involved in neuron development, cell motion, endocytosis, and cell-cell adhesion. These results suggest that Nfasc could be a new target for understanding of the pathophysiology of PTSD.
2020-10-31 | GSE139502 | GEO
Project description:Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the ataxin-3 (ATXN3) gene. No effective treatment is available for this disorder, other than symptomatic approaches. Bile acids have shown therapeutic efficacy in neurodegenerative disease models. Here, we pinpointed tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) as an efficient therapeutic, improving the motor and neuropathological phenotype of SCA3 nematode and mouse models. Surprisingly, transcriptomic and functional in vivo data showed that TUDCA acts in neuronal tissue through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), but independently of its canonical receptor, the FXR. TUDCA was also predicted to bind to the GR, similarly to corticosteroid molecules. GR levels were decreased in disease-affected brain regions, likely due to increased protein degradation as a consequence of ATXN3 dysfunction, being restored by TUDCA treatment. Lastly, based on results of a cohort of pre-symptomatic and symptomatic SCA3 patients, we demonstrated that peripheral expression of GR and FKBP5 might be indicators of clinical conversion and disease progression, respectively. We have established a novel in vivo mechanism for the neuroprotective effects of TUDCA in SCA3, and propose this readily available drug for a clinical trial in SCA3 patients.
2024-03-01 | GSE252250 | GEO
Project description:Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is an essential transcription factor (TF), controlling metabolism, development and immune responses. SUMOylation regulates chromatin occupancy and target gene expression of GR in a locus-selective manner, but the mechanism of regulation has remained elusive. Here, we show using selective isolation of chromatin-associated proteins that the protein network around chromatin-bound GR is affected by SUMOylation, with several nuclear receptor coregulators and chromatin modifiers being more avidly associated with SUMOylation-deficient than SUMOylation competent GR. This difference is reflected in our chromatin accessibility and gene expression data, showing that the SUMOylation-deficient GR is more potent in opening chromatin at glucocorticoid-regulated enhancers and inducing expression of their target loci. Our results thus show that SUMOylation determines GR specificity by regulating the chromatin protein network and accessibility at GR-driven enhancers. We speculate that a similar mechanism is utilized by many other SUMOylated TFs.
2021-09-08 | PXD015183 | Pride
Project description:We have applied next-generation sequencing technology to obtain high through-put profiling of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) DNA binding in whole hippocampus from male rat brain. By obtaining sequence from immunoprecipitated, sonicated chromatin, we have generated genome-wide binding maps for GR in two contexts, testing whether chromatin is primed for GR binding according to the animal's acute experience. In one context (stressed) adrenalectomised rats are infused with corticosterone while undergoing restraint stress. In the second context (non-stressed control) rats are infused with the same corticosterone profile but restraint stress is omitted. We find that GR binding was highly similar suggesting factors other than GR binding may account for any context-dependent alterations in GR function associated with acute stress. We show that GR is positioned near to genes associated with structural and functional organisation of the hippocampus at largely intergenic and intronic sites. Glucocorticoid response element sequences support a majority of GR binding in this tissue but may be reinforced by NF-1 and/or basic-helix loop helix transcription factors binding their nearby recognition motifs. We found little evidence for tethering of GR to other factors, or for the usage of negative glucocorticoid response elements.
2017-02-20 | GSE94008 | GEO
Project description:The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that controls metabolic and homeostatic processes essential for life. Although numerous crystal structures of the GR ligand-binding domain (GR-LBD) have been reported, the functional oligomeric state of the full-length receptor, which is essential for its transcriptional activity, remains disputed. Here we present five new crystal structures of agonist-bound GR-LBD, along with a thorough analysis of previous structural work. Biologically relevant homodimers were identified by studying a battery of GR point mutants including crosslinking assays in solution and quantitative fluorescence microscopy in live cells. Our results highlight the relevance of non-canonical dimerization modes for GR, especially of contacts made by loop L1-3 residues such as Tyr545. Our work unveils likely pathophysiologically relevant quaternary assemblies of the nuclear receptor with important implications for glucocorticoid action and drug design.
2023-03-11 | PXD028039 | Pride
Project description:Glucocorticoids regulate diverse physiologic processes and synthetic derivatives of these natural hormones are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, chronic administration often triggers insensitivity and serious side effects including osteoporosis. The underlying mechanisms regulating these side effects are not completely understood. We report here that human osteosarcoma U-2 OS bone cells lacking the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) are resistant to glucocorticoid killing whereas the expression of wild-type GR activates an apoptotic program. Furthermore, we show that the translationally generated GR isoforms from a single GR gene have distinct abilities to induce apoptosis in these cells. Only cells expressing selective GR isoforms underwent apoptosis upon dexamethasone treatment and microarray analysis demonstrated that GR isoforms selectively stimulated the expression of pro-apoptotic enzymes such as caspase 6 and granzyme A. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further revealed that GR isoform-dependent induction of pro-apoptotic genes is likely due to selective coregulator recruitment and chromatin modification. Together, these findings provide evidence for a direct apoptotic effect of glucocorticoids on bone cells via selective GR isoforms and delineate multiple molecular components involved in tissue-specific glucocorticoid-induced bone cell apoptosis. Keywords: time course, isoform comparison
2007-12-20 | GSE6711 | GEO
Project description:Glucocorticoids are widely used to treat inflammatory disorders. Prolonged use results in side effects including osteoporosis, diabetes and obesity. The selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulator Compound A (CpdA) exhibits an inflammation-suppressive effect, largely in absence of detrimental side effects. To understand the mechanistic differences between the classic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) and CpdA, we looked for proteins oppositely regulated using an unbiased proteomics approach. We found that the autophagy receptor p62 but not GR mediates the anti-inflammatory action of CpdA in macrophages. CpdA drives the upregulation of p62 by recruiting the NRF2 transcription factor to its promoter. Contrarily, the classic GR ligand dexamethasone recruits GR to p62 and other NRF2 controlled gene promoters, resulting in gene downregulation. Both DEX and CpdA are able to induce autophagy, albeit in a cell-type and time-dependent manner. Suppression of LPS-induced IL-6 and MCP1 genes in bone marrow-derived macrophages by CpdA is hampered upon p62 silencing, confirming that p62 is essential for the anti-inflammatory capacity of CpdA. Together, these results demonstrate how off-target mechanisms of selective GR ligands may establish a more efficient anti-inflammatory therapy
2022-06-03 | PXD007793 | Pride