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Bhlhe40 and Bhlhe41 transcription factors regulate alveolar macrophage self-renewal and identity

ABSTRACT: Tissues in multicellular organisms are ‘serviced’ by resident macrophages, which perform both generic and tissue-specific functions. The latter relies on unique tissue-specific molecular programs induced by signals from the microenvironment and executed through a combinatorial action of tissue-specific and broadly expressed transcriptional regulators. Here, we identify the transcription factors Bhlhe40 and Bhlhe41 as novel regulators of alveolar macrophages (AMs) – a population that provides the first line of immune defense and executes homeostatic functions in lung alveoli. In the absence of these factors, AMs exhibited decreased proliferation that resulted in a severe disadvantage of knockout AMs in a competitive setting. Gene expression analyses revealed a broad cell-intrinsic footprint of Bhlhe40/Bhlhe41-deficiency manifested by a downregulation of AM signature genes and induction of signature genes of other macrophage lineages. Genome-wide characterization of Bhlhe40 DNA binding suggested that these transcription factors directly repress the expression of lineage-inappropriate genes in AMs. Taken together, these results identify Bhlhe40 and Bhlhe41 as key regulators of AM self-renewal and guardians of their identity.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE135018 | GEO | 2019/07/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Bhlhe40 and Bhlhe41 transcription factors regulate alveolar macrophage self-renewal and identity

Project description:Bhlhe40 and Bhlhe41 transcription factors regulate alveolar macrophage self-renewal and identity

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Expression data from mouse differentiated Bhlhe40-GFPneg and Bhlhe40-GFPpos TH17 cells

Project description:Microarray data on TH17 cells from Bhlhe40-GFP reporter mice We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression in polarized Bhlhe40-GFPneg and Bhlhe40-GFPpos TH17 cells Purified naÃ¯ve CD4 T cells from spleen were polarized under TH17 condition in vitro. On day 4, cells were stimulated with PMA and ionomycin, and sorted by their Bhlhe40-GFP expression prior to microarray analysis

2016-01-04 | E-GEOD-75407 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Essential role of the transcription factor Bhlhe41 in regulating the self-renewal and BCR repertoire of B-1a cells

Project description:The innate-like B-1a cells provide a first line of defense against pathogens, and yet little is known about their transcriptional control. Here we identified an essential role of the transcription factor Bhlhe41, with a lesser contribution of Bhlhe40, in controlling late stages of B-1a cell differentiation. Bhlhe41/Bhlhe40 mutant B-1a cells were strongly reduced and had an abnormal cell-surface phenotype and altered B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire, as exemplified by loss of the phosphatidylcholine-specific Vh12/Vk4 BCR. Expression of a pre-rearranged Vh12/Vk4 BCR failed to rescue the mutant phenotype and revealed enhanced proliferation accompanied with increased cell death, implicating Bhlhe41 in controlling the self-renewal of B-1a cells. Bhlhe41 directly repressed the expression of cell cycle regulators and inhibitors of BCR signaling, while activating pro-survival cytokine signaling.

2017-01-19 | GSE93764 | GEO

Expression data from mouse differentiated Bhlhe40-GFPneg and Bhlhe40-GFPpos TH17 cells

2016-01-04 | GSE75407 | GEO

Microarray data for Bhlhe40-sufficient and -deficient resident macrophages

Project description:Most tissue-resident macrophage populations develop during embryogenesis, self-renew in the steady state, and can expand during type 2 immunity. Whether shared mechanisms regulate macrophage proliferation in homeostasis and disease is unclear. We found that the transcription factor Bhlhe40 was cell-intrinsically required in large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs) for self-renewal and maintenance, but was not required in other resident macrophages. Bhlhe40 was selectively necessary in LPMs for proliferation, but not polarization, in response to IL-4. During a helminth infection, Bhlhe40 was required for normal LPM cell cycling. Bhlhe40 repressed the expression of Maf and Mafb and directly promoted expression of cell cycle-related transcripts to enable proliferation of LPMs. Genomic sites bound by Bhlhe40 in LPMs included some co-bound by the macrophage lineage-determining factor PU.1 and others uniquely bound by Bhlhe40, including Maf and cell cycle-related loci. Our findings demonstrate a tissue-specific control mechanism regulating resident macrophage proliferation in homeostasis and type 2 immunity.

2019-04-30 | GSE125727 | GEO

Role of BHLHE40 in shaping macrophage inflammatory response

Project description:BHLHE40 is a member of basic helix-loop-helix family transcription factors and highly conserved across mammalian species. Structurally, BHLHE40 consists of an N-terminal basic DNA binding domain, a helix-loop-helix dimerization domain, and a protein interacting orange domain. BHLHE40 is known to regulate a wide variety of essential cellular processes, including cell cycle, cellular proliferation, programmed cell death, cellular development and differentiation, and circadian rhythm. Here we isolated thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (PMs) from 3 mice per group (Lyz2cre and Lyz2cre:BHLHE40Fl/Fl). These cells were stimulated with 100ng/ml LPS for 4 hours. Total RNA was isolated and subjected to RNAseq analyses.

2021-09-24 | GSE176174 | GEO

STAT4 promotes Bhlhe40 induction to drive protective IFN-g from natural killer cells during viral infection [BHLHE40 CUT&RUN]

Project description:NK cells represent a cellular component of the mammalian innate immune system, and mount rapid responses against viral infection, including the secretion of the potent anti-viral effector cytokine IFN-g. Following mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection, Bhlhe40 was the most highly induced transcription factor in NK cells among the basic helix-loop-helix family. Bhlhe40 upregulation in NK cells depended upon IL-12 and IL-18 signals, with the promoter of Bhlhe40 enriched for STAT4 and the permissive histone H3K4me3, and STAT4-deficient NK cells showing an impairment of Bhlhe40 induction and diminished H3K4me3. Transcriptomic and protein analysis of Bhlhe40-deficient NK cells revealed a defect in IFN-g production during MCMV infection, resulting in diminished protective immunity following viral challenge. Finally, we provide evidence that Bhlhe40 directly promotes IFN-g by binding throughout the Ifng loci in activated NK cells. Thus, our study reveals how STAT4-mediated control of Bhlhe40 drives protective IFN-g secretion by NK cells during viral infection.

2023-09-13 | GSE242900 | GEO

Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) for Bhlhe40 from naïve and IL-4c-stimulated large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs)

2019-04-30 | GSE125729 | GEO

Cell‐intrinsic functions of Bhlhe40 in activated B cells and TFH cells restrain the GC reaction and prevent lymphomagenesis

Project description:The generation of high-affinity antibodies against pathogens and vaccines requires the germinal center (GC) reaction – a process that relies on a complex interplay between specialized effector subsets of B and CD4 T lymphocytes – GC B cells and T follicular helper (TFH) cells. Intriguingly, several key positive regulators of the GC reaction are common for both cell types. Here, we report that the transcription factor Bhlhe40 is a crucial cell-intrinsic negative regulator affecting both the B and T cell sides of the GC reaction. In activated CD4 T cells, Bhlhe40 was required to restrain proliferation thus limiting the number of TFH cells. In B cells, Bhlhe40 executed its function in the first days after immunization by selectively restricting the generation of the earliest GC B cells but not of early memory B cells or plasmablasts. Conditional Bhlhe40 inactivation confirmed cell-autonomous functions of Bhlhe40 in both GC B and TFH cells, while the GC phenotype was further enhanced upon loss of Bhlhe40 in both cell types. This negative regulation of the GC reaction by Bhlhe40 was of crucial importance, as Bhlhe40-deficient mice with progressing age succumbed to a B cell lymphoma characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal GC B-like cells and polyclonal TFH cells in various tissues.

2021-10-25 | GSE186457 | GEO

Expression data from adult mouse cortex harvested at two different zeitgeber (ZT) timepoints of the 24h cycle

Project description:Gene expression in forebrain structures change during day and night depending on circadian and rest-activity cycles. Clock genes have been shown to be involved in the control of circadian and sleep-wake control. In this study, we aimed at studying the consequences of loss of SHARP1 (DEC2/BHLHE40) and SHARP2 (DEC1/BHLHE41) on cortical gene expression at rest (ZT4) and activity (ZT16) phases. We harvested cortex tissue from individual mice from WT and SHARP1/2 double null mutant mice at ZT4 and ZT16, prepared total RNA and subjected the corresponding samples (n=2 biological replicates per timepoint and genotype) to Affymetrix genechip analysis to assay the changes of gene expression.

2014-11-21 | E-GEOD-59941 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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