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Transcriptome and Epigenome Characterization of Long Term Trained Immunity in Cotrolled Human Malaria Model [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Innate immune memory responses (also termed ‘trained immunity’) have been described in monocytes after BCG vaccination and after stimulation in vitro with microbial and endogenous ligands such as muramyl dipeptide, β-glucan, oxidized LDL, and MSU crystals. Whether clinical infections are also capable of inducing a trained immunity phenotype has not been studied. We evaluated whether Plasmodium falciparum infection can induce innate immune memory by assessing monocyte epigenetic, transcriptional and functional (cytokine production) programs from five volunteers undergoing controlled human malaria infection. During acute infection monocytes produced lower amounts of inflammatory cytokines upon secondary stimulation, but 36 days after malaria infection they produced significantly higher IL-6 and TNF-α in response to various stimuli. Furthermore, transcriptomic and epigenomic data analysis revealed a clear reprogramming of monocytes after malaria infection. Plasmodium challenge induces a long-term deposition of H3K4me3 at the promoter regions of several inflammatory genes of monocytes, these changes remaining stable for several weeks after infection. These findings demonstrate an epigenetic basis of trained immunity in the model of controlled in vivo human malaria infection.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE137043 | GEO | 2020/12/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Innate immune memory responses (also termed ‘trained immunity’) have been described in monocytes after BCG vaccination and after stimulation in vitro with microbial and endogenous ligands such as muramyl dipeptide, β-glucan, oxidized LDL, and MSU crystals. Whether clinical infections are also capable of inducing a trained immunity phenotype has not been studied. We evaluated whether Plasmodium falciparum infection can induce innate immune memory by assessing monocyte epigenetic, transcriptional and functional (cytokine production) programs from five volunteers undergoing controlled human malaria infection. During acute infection monocytes produced lower amounts of inflammatory cytokines upon secondary stimulation, but 36 days after malaria infection they produced significantly higher IL-6 and TNF-α in response to various stimuli. Furthermore, transcriptomic and epigenomic data analysis revealed a clear reprogramming of monocytes after malaria infection. Plasmodium challenge induces a long-term deposition of H3K4me3 at the promoter regions of several inflammatory genes of monocytes, these changes remaining stable for several weeks after infection. These findings demonstrate an epigenetic basis of trained immunity in the model of controlled in vivo human malaria infection.

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