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Skeletal Stem Cell Powering Cranial Suture Fate: An Answer to Craniosynostosis (scRNA-seq)

ABSTRACT: Purpose: The cranial suture is a fibrous joint, and similar to the growth plates of the skeletal long bone, they serve as the major centers of calvarial vault morphogenesis. Our group’s identification of a skeletal stem cell isolated from the mouse tibial growth plate prompted us to investigate whether these skeletal stem cells are also resident in the mouse cranial sutures and if they govern postnatal suture patency or fusion. Results: We preformed a spatio-temporal profiling of the mouse cranial sutures by flow cytometry, demonstrating a significant decrease in the temporal representation of skeletal stem cells in fusing versus patent sutures. Moreover, canonical Wnt signaling has a significant impact on skeletal stem cells proliferation and thus representation within the suture, dictating fate: fusion or patency. Breeding an Axin2+/-LacZ mouse, with enhanced activation of canonical Wnt signaling to a Twist1+/− mouse, harboring a coronal craniosynostosis enriched the skeletal stem cell pool in coronal sutures, thereby preventing Twist1+/− craniosynostosis. Conclusions: Our findings suggest an imbalance and/or decrease in resident skeletal stem cells within the cranial sutures gives rise to craniosynostosis, however, restoring this representation by enriching skeletal stem cells within the suture can maintain patency.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE138881 | GEO | 2020/04/15

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Skeletal Stem Cell Powering Cranial Suture Fate: An Answer to Craniosynostosis (bulk_RNA-seq)

Project description:Purpose: The cranial suture is a fibrous joint, and similar to the growth plates of the skeletal long bone, they serve as the major centers of calvarial vault morphogenesis. Our group’s identification of a skeletal stem cell isolated from the mouse tibial growth plate prompted us to investigate whether these skeletal stem cells are also resident in the mouse cranial sutures and if they govern postnatal suture patency or fusion. Results: We preformed a spatio-temporal profiling of the mouse cranial sutures by flow cytometry, demonstrating a significant decrease in the temporal representation of skeletal stem cells in fusing versus patent sutures. Moreover, canonical Wnt signaling has a significant impact on skeletal stem cells proliferation and thus representation within the suture, dictating fate: fusion or patency. Breeding an Axin2+/-LacZ mouse, with enhanced activation of canonical Wnt signaling to a Twist1+/− mouse, harboring a coronal craniosynostosis enriched the skeletal stem cell pool in coronal sutures, thereby preventing Twist1+/− craniosynostosis. Conclusions: Our findings suggest an imbalance and/or decrease in resident skeletal stem cells within the cranial sutures gives rise to craniosynostosis, however, restoring this representation by enriching skeletal stem cells within the suture can maintain patency.

2020-04-15 | GSE138880 | GEO

The developing mouse coronal suture at single-cell resolution

Project description:Sutures separate the flat bones of the skull and enable coordinated growth of the brain and overlying cranium. In order to uncover the cellular diversity within sutures, we conducted single-cell transcriptomic and histological analyses of the embryonic murine coronal suture. We identify Erg and Pthlh as early markers of osteogenic progenitors in sutures, and distinct pre-osteoblast signatures between the bone fronts and periosteum. diverse mesenchymal layers at the coronal suture, including multiple distinct meningeal layers below the suture, and ligamentous, ectocranial, and hypodermal layers above the sutureIn the ectocranial layers above the suture, we observe a ligament-like population spanning the frontal and parietal bones and expressing genes implicated in mechanosensation. Mesenchyme in and around the coronal suture is asymmetrically distributed between the frontal and parietal bones, and we identify different states of osteogenic cells extending from the bone fronts into the more mature bone, and a potential signature for sutural stem cellsIn the meningeal layers, we detect a potential chondrogenic periosteal dura population that may be involved in endochondral ossification that closes sutures. Expression of genes mutated in craniosynostosis is spread across diverse cell types, suggesting multiple points at which homeostasis can fail. This single-cell atlas provides a resource to understand the development of the coronal suture, the suture most commonly fused in craniosynostosis.

2021-06-17 | GSE163693 | GEO

Gene Expression Changes Between Patent and Fused Cranial Sutures in a Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis Population

Project description:Assaying gene expression in sutural bone fragments from patients diagnosed with non-syndromic craniosynostosis. Sutural fragments were collected from both the fused and patent cranial suture of infants during cranial vault reconstruction. Gene expression was compared between the patent and fused sutures using the paired t-test. The aim was to identify thoses genes significantly differentially expressed in fused suture relative to patent. Total RNA isolated from patent and fused human cranial sutures was assayed. Expression in synostosed suture was compared to patent suture.

2013-09-12 | E-GEOD-50796 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Calvarial osteoblast transcriptome analysis identifies genetic targets and extracellular matrix-mediated focal adhesion as potential biomarkers for single-suture craniosynostosis

Project description:Craniosynostosis is a disease defined by premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. The mechanistic pathology of isolated single-suture craniosynostosis is complex and while a number of genetic biomarkers and environmental predispositions have been identified, in many cases the causes remain controversial and inconclusive at best. After controlling for variables contributing to potential bias, FGF7, SFRP4, and VCAM1 emerged as potential genetic biomarkers for single-suture craniosynostosis due to their significantly large changes in gene expression compared to the control population. Furthermore, pathway analysis implicated focal adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction as differentially regulated gene networks when comparing all cases of single-suture synostosis and controls. Lastly, overall gene expression was found to be highly conserved between coronal and metopic cases, as evidenced by the fact that WNT2 and IGFBP2 were the only differentially regulated genes identified in a direct comparison. These results not only confirm the roles of previously reported craniosynostosis-related targets but also introduce novel genetic biomarkers and pathways that may play critical roles in its pathogenesis. In this study, gene expression data from 199 patients with isolated sagittal (n= 100), unilateral coronal (n = 50), and metopic (n = 49) synostosis are compared against both a control population (n = 50), as well as each other.

2012-03-04 | E-GEOD-27976 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Calvarial osteoblast transcriptome analysis identifies genetic targets and extracellular matrix-mediated focal adhesion as potential biomarkers for single-suture craniosynostosis

2012-03-04 | GSE27976 | GEO

Gene Expression Changes Between Patent and Fused Cranial Sutures in a Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis Population

2013-09-12 | GSE50796 | GEO

Single-cell analysis identifies a key role for Hhip in murine coronal suture development

Project description:Craniofacial development depends on formation and maintenance of sutures between bones of the skull. In sutures, growth occurs at osteogenic fronts along the edge of each bone and suture mesenchyme separates adjacent bones. We performed single-cell RNA-seq analysis of the embryonic, murine coronal suture. Seven populations at E16.5 and nine at E18.5 comprised the suture mesenchyme, osteogenic cells, and associated populations. Expression of Hhip, an inhibitor of hedgehog (HH) signaling, marked a mesenchymal population distinct from other neurocranial sutures. At E18.5, Hhip-/- coronal osteogenic fronts were closely apposed and HH signaling was increased throughout the depleted suture mesenchyme compared to WT, demonstrating that Hhip is required for normal coronal suture development. Tracing of the neonatal Hhip-expressing population showed that descendant cells persisted in the coronal suture and contributed to calvarial bone growth. Our transcriptomic approach provides a rich resource for insight into normal and abnormal development.

2021-06-26 | GSE178899 | GEO

Modifiers and Mediators of Craniosynostosis Severity Revealed by Differential Gene Expression

Project description:Severity of craniosynostosis in humans varies widely even in patients with identical genetic mutations, and severity corresponds with morbidity. In this study we compared RNA sequencing data from cranial tissues of a severe form of Crouzon craniosynostosis syndrome (C57BL/6 FGFR2C342Y/+ mice) with those of a less severe form of Crouzon craniosynostosis (BALB/c FGFR2C342Y/+ mice) to identify genetic modifiers that influence craniosynostosis phenotype severity. Comparison of the mice revealed neonatal onset of coronal suture fusion in the form of suture obliteration in C57BL/6 mice (88% incidence, p<.001 between genotypes) in C57BL/6 mice. Coronal suture fusion in the form of point fusions across the suture occurred at approximately 4 weeks after birth, with less severe skull shape abnormalities, in BALB/c mice. Substantially fewer genes were differentially expressed in BALB/c FGFR2+/+ vs. FGFR2C342Y/+ mice (87 out of 15,893 expressed genes) than in C57BL/6 FGFR2C+/+ vs. FGFR2C342Y/+ mice (2,043 out of 19,097 expressed genes). Further investigation of the gene expression data revealed differential expression of coronal suture associated genes, eph/ephrin boundary genes, cell proliferation genes and osteoblast differentiation genes, among others. The most striking pattern in the data was the minimal change in gene expression seen in BALB/c FGFR2+/+ vs. FGFR2C342Y/+ mice. Analysis of protein processing and lysosomal components support the hypothesis that the craniosynostosis phenotype is less severe in BALB/c mice because the mutant FGFR2C342Y protein is not expressed to the same extent as that seen in C57BL/6 mice. Together, these results suggest that a strategy aimed at increasing degradation of the mutant receptor could lead to diminished phenotype severity.

2020-01-15 | GSE143628 | GEO

Skeletal Stem Cell Powering Cranial Suture Fate: An Answer to Craniosynostosis

Project description:Skeletal Stem Cell Powering Cranial Suture Fate: An Answer to Craniosynostosis

| PRJNA577679 | ENA

Identification of differentially expressed proteins between fused and open sutures in sagittal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis during suture development by quantitative proteomic analysis

Project description:Craniosynostosis (CS) is a common birth defect due to the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. It manifests with abnormal skull shape and is associated with significant morbidities such as increased intracranial pressure, vision problems, and learning disabilities. Nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (NCS) occurs without any other associated birth defects and/or developmental delays and accounts for approximately 75% of all cases. Synostosis of the sagittal suture is the most common NCS subtype, accounting for 45-58% of all cases. Currently, surgical treatment is the only option to reshape the skull and allow for proper cranial growth. This surgical treatment is extensive and performed during the first year of life. Only one other study has examined the proteomic profile of cranial suture tissue derived from NCS patients. In order to understand how different proteins play a role in premature suture fusion and to potentially identify proteins that can serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for NCS, we identified biologically relevant differentially expressed proteins in NCS-derived tissues representing different stages in suture development.

2020-03-20 | MSV000085130 | MassIVE

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