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Hhex promotes NK cell homeostasis by repressing BIM-dependent apoptosis

ABSTRACT: Hhex encodes a homeobox transcriptional regulator that plays a key role in embryonic development and hematopoiesis. Hhex is highly expressed in NK cells and germline deletion of Hhex results in significant defects in lymphoid development, including NK cells. However, whether Hhex is intrinsically required throughout NK cell development or for NK cell function remains unknown. To investigate this, we generated mice that specifically lack Hhex in NK cells. Hhex was intrinsically required for NK cell homeostasis, while NK cell differentiation, IL-15 responsiveness and cytotoxic function were largely normal in the absence of Hhex. Unexpectedly, increased IL-15 availability failed to rescue Hhex-deficient NK cell homeostasis, suggesting that Hhex regulates developmental pathways extrinsic to those dependent on IL-15. Gene expression and functional genetic approaches revealed that Hhex promoted NK cell survival by repressing BIM expression, a key apoptotic mediator in NK cells. This study identifies Hhex as a novel transcription factor essential for NK cell biology.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE140284 | GEO | 2020/11/12

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Hhex promotes NK cell homeostatis by repressing BIM-dependent apoptosis

Project description:Hhex encodes a homeobox transcriptional regulator important for embryonic development and hematopoiesis. Hhex is highly expressed in NK cells and its germline deletion results in significant defects in lymphoid development, including NK cells. To determine if Hhex is intrinsically required throughout NK cell development or for NK cell function, we generated mice that specifically lack Hhex in NK cells. NK cell numbers was dramatically reduced, while NK cell differentiation, IL-15 response and function at the cellular level remained largely normal in the absence of Hhex. Increased IL-15 availability failed to fully reverse NK lymphopenia following conditional Hhex deletion, suggesting that Hhex regulates developmental pathways extrinsic to those dependent on IL-15. Gene expression and functional genetic approaches revealed that Hhex regulates NK cell survival by repressing expression of the key apoptotic mediator, BIM. These data implicates Hhex as a novel transcription factor essential for NK cell homeostasis and immunity.

2020-08-11 | GSE155957 | GEO

Hhex promotes NK cell homeostasis by repressing BIM-dependent apoptosis

Project description:Hhex promotes NK cell homeostasis by repressing BIM-dependent apoptosis

| PRJNA589086 | ENA

Hhex promotes NK cell homeostatis by repressing BIM-dependent apoptosis

Project description:Hhex promotes NK cell homeostatis by repressing BIM-dependent apoptosis

| PRJNA656206 | ENA

LSK cells transfected with Hhex retrovirus

Project description:The Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox (Hhex) transcription factor is overexpressed in human myeloid leukemias. Conditional knockout models of murine acute myeloid leukemia (AML) indicate that Hhex maintains leukemia stem cell self-renewal by enabling Polycomb-mediated epigenetic repression of the Cdkn2a tumor suppressor locus, encoding p16Ink4a and p19Arf. However, whether Hhex overexpression also affects hematopoietic differentiation is unknown. To study this, we retrovirally overexpressed Hhex in hematopoietic progenitors. This enabled serial replating of myeloid progenitors, leading to the rapid establishment of IL-3-dependent promyelocytic cell lines. Use of a Hhex-ERT2 fusion protein demonstrated that continuous nuclear Hhex is required for transformation, and structure function analysis demonstrated a requirement of the DNA binding and N-terminal repressive domains of Hhex for promyelocytic transformation. This included the N-terminal Pml interaction domain, although deletion of Pml failed to prevent Hhex-induced promyelocyte transformation, implying other critical partners. Furthermore, deletion of p16Ink4a or p19Arf did not promote promyelocyte transformation, indicating that repression of distinct Hhex target genes is required for this process. Indeed, transcriptome analysis showed that Hhex overexpression resulted in repression of several myeloid developmental genes. To test potential for Hhex overexpression to contribute to leukemic transformation, Hhex-transformed promyelocyte lines were rendered growth factor-independent using a constitutively active IL-3 receptor common b subunit (bcV449E). The resultant cell lines resulted in a rapid promyelocytic leukemia in vivo. Thus Hhex overexpression can contribute to myeloid leukemia via multiple mechanisms including differentiation blockade and enabling epigenetic repression of the Cdkn2a locus.

2018-01-30 | GSE109793 | GEO

The helix-loop-helix protein ID2 governs NK cell fate by tuning their sensitivity to interleukin-15

Project description:The inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) is essential for NK cell development with its canonical role in this pathway being to antagonize E-proteins, silencing E-box gene expression and subsequent commitment to the T and B cell lineages. However, how E-box genes prevent NK cell development and homeostasis remains enigmatic. Here we identify a key role for Id2 in regulating the threshold for IL-15 receptor signaling and homeostasis of NK cells by repressing multiple E-protein target genes including Socs3. Deletion of Id2 in mature NK cells was incompatible with their homeostasis due to impaired IL-15 receptor signaling. Id2-null NK cells displayed impaired IL-15 mediated JAK1/STAT5 phosphorylation, compromised metabolic function and enhanced apoptosis. Remarkably, Id2-null NK cell homeostasis could be fully rescued in vivo by IL-15 receptor stimulation and partially rescued by genetic ablation of Socs3. During normal NK cell maturation we observed an inverse correlation between the expression levels of E-protein target genes and Id2. These results shift the current paradigm on the role of Id2, indicating that it is not only required to antagonize E-proteins during NK cell commitment, but constantly required to titrate E-protein activity to regulate NK cell fitness and responsiveness to IL-15.

2016-02-01 | GSE76466 | GEO

Effect of anti-IL-15 administration on T cell and NK cell homeostasis in rhesus macaques (TCM)

Project description:Analysis of the effect of anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody treatment on T cell and NK cell homeostasis in rhesus macaques. The hypothesis tested in the present study was that repeated administrations of a rhesusized anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody would block IL-15 activity in vivo and result in changes to T and/or NK cell population dynamics that would reflect physiologic IL-15 function. The results provide important information on the specific role IL-15 plays in effector memory T cell and NK cell homeostasis, noting that effector memory T cells but not NK cells can be maintained in the absence of IL-15 signaling by the activity of other cytokines. Sort-purified CD8+ and CD4+ TCM from PBMC, before and after treatment with IgG1 Ab and anti-IL15 Ab

2016-09-07 | E-GEOD-76785 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Effect of anti-IL-15 administration on T cell and NK cell homeostasis in rhesus macaques (TEM)

Project description:Analysis of the effect of anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody treatment on T cell and NK cell homeostasis in rhesus macaques. The hypothesis tested in the present study was that repeated administrations of a rhesusized anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody would block IL-15 activity in vivo and result in changes to T and/or NK cell population dynamics that would reflect physiologic IL-15 function. The results provide important information on the specific role IL-15 plays in effector memory T cell and NK cell homeostasis, noting that effector memory T cells but not NK cells can be maintained in the absence of IL-15 signaling by the activity of other cytokines. Sort-purified CD8+ TEM from PBMC, before and after treatment with IgG1 Ab and anti-IL15 Ab

2016-09-07 | E-GEOD-76796 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Effect of anti-IL-15 administration on T cell and NK cell homeostasis in rhesus macaques (TEM)

2016-09-07 | GSE76796 | GEO

Effect of anti-IL-15 administration on T cell and NK cell homeostasis in rhesus macaques (TCM)

2016-09-07 | GSE76785 | GEO

Critical functions for STAT5 tetramers in the maturation and survival of natural killer cells

Project description:Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is essential for the development and maintenance of natural killer (NK) cells. IL-15 activates STAT5 proteins, which can form dimers or tetramers. We previously found that NK cell numbers are decreased in Stat5a-Stat5b tetramer-deficient double knockin (DKI) mice, but the mechanism was not investigated. Here we show that STAT5 dimers are sufficient for NK cell development, whereas STAT5 tetramers mediate NK cell maturation and the expression of maturation-associated genes. Unlike the defective proliferation of Stat5 DKI CD8+ T cells, Stat5 DKI NK cells have normal proliferation to IL-15 but are susceptible to death upon cytokine withdrawal, with lower Bcl2 and increased active caspases. These findings underscore the importance of STAT5 tetramers in maintaining NK cell homeostasis. Moreover, defective STAT5 tetramer formation could represent a cause of NK cell immunodeficiency, and interrupting STAT5 tetramer formation might serve to control NK leukaemia.

2017-09-19 | GSE101470 | GEO

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