Keep a distance to be different: axillary bud initiating at a distance to the shoot apical meristem are crucial for the perennial life style of Arabis alpina
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Arabis alpina
PROVIDER: GSE140316 | GEO | 2020/03/03
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Arabis alpina, similar to woody perennials, has a complex architecture with a zone of axillary vegetative branches and a zone of dormant buds that serve as perennating organs. We show that floral development during vernalization is the key for shaping the dormant bud zone by facilitating a synchronized and rapid growth after vernalization and thereby causing an increase in auxin transport, response and endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels in the stem. Floral development during vernalization is associated with the development of axillary buds in subapical nodes. Our transcriptome analysis indicated that these buds are not dormant during vernalization but only reach sustained growth after the return to warm temperatures. Floral and subapical vegetative branches grow after vernalization and inhibit the development of the buds below. Dormancy in these buds is regulated across the A. alpina life cycle by low temperatures and by apical dominance in a BRANCHED 1 dependent mechanism.
2020-03-01 | GSE126944 | GEO
Project description:New shoot growth from underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge is critical for survival of this invasive perennial weed after episodes of severe abiotic stress. Because global climate change is expected to increase abiotic stress, such as dehydration, objectives of this study include examining the impact that dehydration stress has on molecular mechanisms associated with vegetative reproduction. Greenhouse plants were exposed to mild- (3-day), intermediate- (7-day), severe- (14-day) and extended- (21-day) dehydration treatments, prior to decapitation of aerial tissue and rehydration of soil to induce new vegetative shoot growth. Compared to well-watered control plants, mild-dehydration accelerated new vegetative shoot growth but intermediate- and severe-dehydration treatments both delayed and reduced shoot growth, and 21-day dehydration treatment inhibited initiation of new vegetative shoots and was considered a lethal treatment. Overall, transcriptome profiles revealed that 2109 genes were differentially-expressed (P<0.05) in crown buds in response to the various dehydration treatments. Sub-network enrichment analyses identified central hubs of over-represented genes involved in processes such as hormone responses and signaling (e.g., ABA, auxin, ethylene, GA, and JA), response to abiotic stress (DREB1A/2A) and light (PIF3), phosphorylation (CLV1, MPK3/4/6, SOS2), gene silencing (miRNA156/172a), circadian regulation (CRY2, LHY, PHYA/B), and flowering (AGL8/20, AP2, FLC). Further, results from this and previous studies highlight HY5, MAF3, MYB-like/RVE1 and RD22 as molecular markers for endodormancy in crown buds of leafy spurge. Early response to dehydration also highlighted involvement of upstream ethylene and jasmonate signaling, whereas longer-term dehydration impacted ABA signaling. The identification of conserved ABRE- and MYC-consensus, cis-acting elements in the promoter of a leafy spurge gene similar to Arabidopsis MYB-like/RVE1 (AT5G17300) implicates a potential role for ABA signaling in its dehydration-induced expression. Response of these molecular mechanisms to dehydration-stress provides insights on the ability of invasive perennial weeds to adapt and survive under harsh environments, which provide new insights for addressing future management practices. Changes in transcript abundance for underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge which were exposed various levels of dehydration stress (Day-3, -7, -14, -16, -21) are analysed relative to controls (Day-0).
2014-05-31 | E-GEOD-55133 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:New shoot growth from underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge is critical for survival of this invasive perennial weed after episodes of severe abiotic stress. Because global climate change is expected to increase abiotic stress, such as dehydration, objectives of this study include examining the impact that dehydration stress has on molecular mechanisms associated with vegetative reproduction. Greenhouse plants were exposed to mild- (3-day), intermediate- (7-day), severe- (14-day) and extended- (21-day) dehydration treatments, prior to decapitation of aerial tissue and rehydration of soil to induce new vegetative shoot growth. Compared to well-watered control plants, mild-dehydration accelerated new vegetative shoot growth but intermediate- and severe-dehydration treatments both delayed and reduced shoot growth, and 21-day dehydration treatment inhibited initiation of new vegetative shoots and was considered a lethal treatment. Overall, transcriptome profiles revealed that 2109 genes were differentially-expressed (P<0.05) in crown buds in response to the various dehydration treatments. Sub-network enrichment analyses identified central hubs of over-represented genes involved in processes such as hormone responses and signaling (e.g., ABA, auxin, ethylene, GA, and JA), response to abiotic stress (DREB1A/2A) and light (PIF3), phosphorylation (CLV1, MPK3/4/6, SOS2), gene silencing (miRNA156/172a), circadian regulation (CRY2, LHY, PHYA/B), and flowering (AGL8/20, AP2, FLC). Further, results from this and previous studies highlight HY5, MAF3, MYB-like/RVE1 and RD22 as molecular markers for endodormancy in crown buds of leafy spurge. Early response to dehydration also highlighted involvement of upstream ethylene and jasmonate signaling, whereas longer-term dehydration impacted ABA signaling. The identification of conserved ABRE- and MYC-consensus, cis-acting elements in the promoter of a leafy spurge gene similar to Arabidopsis MYB-like/RVE1 (AT5G17300) implicates a potential role for ABA signaling in its dehydration-induced expression. Response of these molecular mechanisms to dehydration-stress provides insights on the ability of invasive perennial weeds to adapt and survive under harsh environments, which provide new insights for addressing future management practices.
2014-05-31 | GSE55133 | GEO
Project description:Perennial plants maintain their life span through several growth seasons. Arabis alpina serves as model Brassicaceae species to study perennial traits. A. alpina lateral stems have a proximal vegetative zone with a dormant bud zone, and a distal senescing seed-producing inflorescence zone. We addressed the questions of how this zonation is distinguished at the anatomical level, whether it is related to nutrient storage, and which signals affect the zonation. We found that the vegetative zone ehxibits secondary growth, which we termed the perennial growth zone (PZ). High-molecular weight carbon compounds accumulate there in cambium and cambium derivatives. Neither vernalization nor flowering were requirements for secondary growth and sequestration of storage compounds. The inflorescence zone with only primary growth, termed annual growth zone (AZ), or roots exhibited different storage characteristics. Following cytokinin application, cambium activity was enhanced and secondary phloem parenchyma was formed in the PZ and also in the AZ. In transcriptome analysis cytokinin-related genes represented enriched gene ontology terms and were expressed at higher level in PZ than AZ. Thus, A. alpina uses primarily the vegetative PZ for nutrient storage, coupled to cytokinin-promoted secondary growth. This finding lays a foundation for future studies addressing signals for perennial growth.
2020-06-14 | GSE152417 | GEO
Project description:Polycarpic perennials maintain vegetative growth after flowering. PERPETUAL FLOWERING 1 (PEP1), the orthologue of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) inArabis alpina regulates flowering and contributes to polycarpy in a vernalisation-dependent pathway. pep1 mutants do not require vernalisation to flower and have reduced return to vegetative growth as all of their axillary branches become reproductive. To identify additional genes that regulate flowering and contribute to perennial traits we performed an enhancer screen of pep1. Using mapping-by-sequencing, we cloned a mutant (enhancer of pep1-055, eop055), performed transcriptome analysis and physiologically characterised the role it plays on perennial traits in an introgression line carrying the eop055 mutation and a functional PEP1 wild-type allele. eop055 flowers earlier than pep1 and carries a lesion in the A. alpina orthologue of the APETALA2 (AP2)-like gene, TARGET OF EAT2 (AaTOE2). AaTOE2 is a floral repressor and acts upstream of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 5 (AaSPL5). In the wild-type background, which requires cold treatment to flower, AaTOE2 regulates the age-dependent response to vernalisation. In addition, AaTOE2 ensures the maintenance of vegetative growth by delaying axillary meristem initiation and repressing flowering of axillary buds before and during cold exposure. We conclude that AaTOE2 is instrumental in fine tuning different developmental traits in the perennial life cycle of A. alpina.
2021-01-26 | GSE145718 | GEO
Project description:Polycarpic perennials maintain vegetative growth after flowering. PERPETUAL FLOWERING 1 (PEP1), the orthologue of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) inArabis alpina regulates flowering and contributes to polycarpy in a vernalisation-dependent pathway. pep1 mutants do not require vernalisation to flower and have reduced return to vegetative growth as all of their axillary branches become reproductive. To identify additional genes that regulate flowering and contribute to perennial traits we performed an enhancer screen of pep1. Using mapping-by-sequencing, we cloned a mutant (enhancer of pep1-055, eop055), performed transcriptome analysis and physiologically characterised the role it plays on perennial traits in an introgression line carrying the eop055 mutation and a functional PEP1 wild-type allele. eop055 flowers earlier than pep1 and carries a lesion in the A. alpina orthologue of the APETALA2 (AP2)-like gene, TARGET OF EAT2 (AaTOE2). AaTOE2 is a floral repressor and acts upstream of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 5 (AaSPL5). In the wild-type background, which requires cold treatment to flower, AaTOE2 regulates the age-dependent response to vernalisation. In addition, AaTOE2 ensures the maintenance of vegetative growth by delaying axillary meristem initiation and repressing flowering of axillary buds before and during cold exposure. We conclude that AaTOE2 is instrumental in fine tuning different developmental traits in the perennial life cycle of A. alpina.
2021-01-26 | GSE145716 | GEO
Project description:Polycarpic perennials maintain vegetative growth after flowering. PERPETUAL FLOWERING 1 (PEP1), the orthologue of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) inArabis alpina regulates flowering and contributes to polycarpy in a vernalisation-dependent pathway. pep1 mutants do not require vernalisation to flower and have reduced return to vegetative growth as all of their axillary branches become reproductive. To identify additional genes that regulate flowering and contribute to perennial traits we performed an enhancer screen of pep1. Using mapping-by-sequencing, we cloned a mutant (enhancer of pep1-055, eop055), performed transcriptome analysis and physiologically characterised the role it plays on perennial traits in an introgression line carrying the eop055 mutation and a functional PEP1 wild-type allele. eop055 flowers earlier than pep1 and carries a lesion in the A. alpina orthologue of the APETALA2 (AP2)-like gene, TARGET OF EAT2 (AaTOE2). AaTOE2 is a floral repressor and acts upstream of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 5 (AaSPL5). In the wild-type background, which requires cold treatment to flower, AaTOE2 regulates the age-dependent response to vernalisation. In addition, AaTOE2 ensures the maintenance of vegetative growth by delaying axillary meristem initiation and repressing flowering of axillary buds before and during cold exposure. We conclude that AaTOE2 is instrumental in fine tuning different developmental traits in the perennial life cycle of A. alpina.
2021-01-26 | GSE145715 | GEO
Project description:The agonistic anti-human CD3ε antibody , OKT-3, has been used to control acute transplant rejection. The in vivo administration of OKT-3 was previously shown to induce the partial depletion of T cells and anergy in the remaining CD4+ T cells. However, this therapy is also associated with the systemic release of several cytokines, which leads to a series of adverse side effects. We established a novel anti-human CD3ε Ab, 20-2b2 (#1 abs), which recognized a close, but different determinant on the CD3ε molecule from that recognized by OKT3. 20-2b2 was non-mitogenic for human CD4+ T cells, could inhibit the activation of T cells in vitro, and induced T cell anergy in in vivo experiments using humanized mice. Cytokine release in humanized mice induced by the administration of 20-2b2 was significantly less than that induced by OKT-3. Our results indicated that the CD3ε molecule is still an attractive, effective, and useful target for the modulation of T cell responses. The establishment of other Abs that recognize CD3ε, even though the determinant recognized by those Abs may be close to or different from that recognized by OKT-3, may represent a novel approach for the development of safer Ab therapies using anti-CD3 Abs, in addition to the modification of OKT-3 in terms of the induction of cytokine production.
2018-08-29 | GSE118925 | GEO
Project description:Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is an herbaceous perennial weed that produces vegetatively from an abundance of underground adventitious buds. The objectives of this study were to determine how mimicking natural seasonal conditions (photoperiod and temperature) under controlled environmental conditions affect dormancy and flowering competence; to determine molecular mechanisms associated with well-defined phases of seasonal dormancy transitions based on transcript profiles obtained by microarray analysis; and to link mechanisms regulating induction and release of endodormancy and flowering competence. Reduction in temperature (27 to 10°C) and photoperiod (16 to 8 h) over a three-month period induced a para- to endo-dormant transition in crown buds. An additional eleven weeks of prolonged cold (5-7°C) and short-photoperiod treatment resulted in accelerated shoot growth from crown buds, and 99% floral competence when plants were returned to growth promoting conditions. Exposure of paradormant plants to short-photoperiod and prolonged cold treatment alone had minimal affect growth potential or on flowering (~1%); whereas endodormant crown buds without prolonged cold treatment, had delayed shoot growth and approximately 2% flowering when returned to growth promoting conditions. Transcriptome analyses revealed that 373 and 260 genes were differentially expressed (p<0.005) during para- to endo-dormant and endo- to eco-dormant transitions, respectively. Transcripts from flower competent vs. non-flower competent crown buds identified 607 differentially expressed genes, and genes involved in cell cycle and DNA processing, oxidative stress, flower regulation, and proteolysis were over-represented. Further, sub-network analysis identified expression targets and binding partners associated with circadian clock, dehydration/cold signaling, phosphorylation cascades, and response to abscisic acid, ethylene, gibberellic acid, and jasmonic acid, suggesting these central regulators affect well-defined phases of dormancy. Potential genetic pathways associated with these dormancy transitions and flowering were used to develop a proposed conceptual model.
2009-12-01 | GSE19217 | GEO
Project description:Bud dormancy is a critical developmental process for perennial plant survival, and also an important physiological phase that affects the next season’s growth of temperate fruit trees. Bud dormancy is regulated by multiple genetic factors, and affected by various environmental factors, tree age and vigor. To understand molecular mechanism of bud dormancy in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.), we constructed a custom oligo DNA microarray covering the Japanese apricot dormant bud ESTs referring to peach (P. persica) genome sequence. Because endodormancy release is a chilling temperature-dependent physiological event, genes showing chilling-mediated differential expression patterns are candidates to control endodormancy release. Using the microarray constructed in this study, we monitored gene expression changes of dormant vegetative buds of Japanese apricot during prolonged artificial chilling exposure. In addition, we analyzed seasonal gene expression changes. ‘Nanko’ vegetative buds collected in November, and those exposed to chilling for 40 or 60 days were used as microarray samples. Among the 58539 different unigene probes, 2345 and 1059 genes were identified as being more than two-fold up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, following chilling exposure for 60 days (P value < 0.05). The down-regulated genes included P. mume DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box genes, which supported the previous quantitative RT-PCR and EST analyses showing that these genes are repressed by prolonged chilling treatments. The genes encoding lipoxygenase were remarkably up-regulated by prolonged chilling. Cluster analysis suggested that the expression of the genes showing expression changes by artificial chilling exposure were coordinately regulated by seasonal changes. Our parametric analysis of gene set enrichment suggested that genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) and oxylipin biosynthesis and metabolic processes were significantly up-regulated by prolonged chilling, whereas genes related to circadian rhythm were significantly down-regulated. The results obtained from the microarray analyses were verified by quantitative RT-PCR analysis of selected genes. Taken together, this study raised the possibility that the microarray platform constructed in this study is applicable for deeper understanding of molecular network related to agronomically important bud phisiologies including dormancy release.
2014-03-26 | GSE49368 | GEO