Similar Datasets
Project description:Whole population RNASeq of pancreatic islet macrophages during autoimmune diabetes progression
| PRJNA594721 | ENA
Project description:Mitochondria are principal metabolic organelles that are increasingly unveiled as immune regulators. However, it is currently not known whether mitochondrial-encoded peptides modulate T cells to induce changes in phenotype and function. Here, we found that MOTS-c prevented autoimmune β-cell destruction via phenotypical and functional changes of T cells in NOD mice, a type 1 diabetes (T1D) animal model. MOTS-c ameliorated the development of hyperglycemia and reduced islet-infiltrating immune cells. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of T cells from MOTS-c-treated NOD mice significantly decreased the incidence of diabetes in NOD-SCID mice. Metabolic and genomic analysis revealed that MOTS-c modulated T cell phenotype and function by regulating TCR/mTORC1 pathway. We observed that T1D patients had a lower serum MOTS-c level than healthy controls. Furthermore, MOTS-c reduced T cell activation by alleviating T cells from the glycolytic stress in T1D patients suggesting a potential therapeutic implication. Our findings indicate that the MOTS-c acts as a regulator of T cell phenotype and function in autoimmune diabetes.
2021-03-06 | GSE168324 | GEO
Project description:The mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c prevents pancreatic islet destruction in autoimmune diabetes
| PRJNA706909 | ENA
Project description:Type 1 diabetes (T1D) usually has a preclinical phase identified by the presence of circulating autoantibodies to pancreatic islet antigens, and most young children who have multiple autoantibodies progress to diabetes within 10 years. While autoantibodies denote underlying islet autoimmunity, how this process is initiated and then progresses to clinical diabetes on a background of genetic susceptibility is not clearly understood. We analysed gene expression by RNA-seq in four types of immune cells from five genetically at-risk children with islet autoantibodies who progressed to diabetes in ≤ 3 years (‘progressors’) and in five at-risk children matched for sex, age and HLA who had not progressed to diabetes (‘non-progressors’).
2022-03-09 | GSE185190 | GEO
Project description:Pancreatic islet cell populations in KRV-infected LEW.1WR1 rats compared to those of controls identifies a population of "hot" endocrine cells that appear to lead to autoimmume diabetes in the infected rats.
2023-02-01 | GSE203412 | GEO
Project description:<h4><strong>AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: </strong>Metabolic dysregulation may precede the onset of type 1 diabetes. However, these metabolic disturbances and their specific role in disease initiation remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined whether children who progress to type 1 diabetes have a circulatory polar metabolite profile distinct from that of children who later progress to islet autoimmunity but not type 1 diabetes and a matched control group.</h4><h4><strong>METHODS: </strong>We analysed polar metabolites from 415 longitudinal plasma samples in a prospective cohort of children in three study groups: those who progressed to type 1 diabetes; those who seroconverted to one islet autoantibody but not to type 1 diabetes; and an antibody-negative control group. Metabolites were measured using two-dimensional GC high-speed time of flight MS.</h4><h4><strong>RESULTS: </strong>In early infancy, progression to type 1 diabetes was associated with downregulated amino acids, sugar derivatives and fatty acids, including catabolites of microbial origin, compared with the control group. Methionine remained persistently upregulated in those progressing to type 1 diabetes compared with the control group and those who seroconverted to one islet autoantibody. The appearance of islet autoantibodies was associated with decreased glutamic and aspartic acids.</h4><h4><strong>CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: </strong>Our findings suggest that children who progress to type 1 diabetes have a unique metabolic profile, which is, however, altered with the appearance of islet autoantibodies. Our findings may assist with early prediction of the disease.</h4>
2022-01-19 | MTBLS802 | MetaboLights
Project description:Pancreatic islets are essential for maintaining physiological blood glucose levels, and declining islet function is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Here we employ mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics to systematically analyse purified islets from 9 genetic or diet-induced mouse models representing a broad cross-section of metabolic health. Quantifying the islet proteome to a depth of >11,500 proteins, this study represents the most detailed analysis of islet proteins to date. Our data highlight that the vast majority of islet proteins are expressed in all strains and diets, but more than half of the proteins vary in expression levels. Associating these varied protein expression levels on an individual animal basis with individual phenotypic measures reveals islet mitochondrial function as a major positive indicator of metabolic health. This compendium of strain-specific and dietary changes to mouse islet proteomes represents a comprehensive resource for basic and translational islet cell biology.
2021-10-08 | PXD024522 | Pride
Project description:Type 1 diabetes (T1D) usually has a preclinical phase identified by the presence of circulating autoantibodies to pancreatic islet antigens, and most young children who have multiple autoantibodies progress to diabetes within 10 years. While autoantibodies denote underlying islet autoimmunity, how this process is initiated and then progresses to clinical diabetes on a background of genetic susceptibility is not clearly understood. Only one study has thus far reported changes in gene expression in isolated immune cells associated with progression to islet autoimmunity. We analysed chromatin accessibility by ATAC-seq in CD4+ T cells in four genetically at-risk children with islet autoantibodies who progressed to diabetes in ≤ 3 years (‘progressors’), compared to five at-risk children matched for sex, age and HLA who had not progressed (‘non-progressors). From ATAC-seq data, we generated the first map of chromatin accessibility in T cells of islet autoantibody-positive children. Progression was associated with a subtle reconfiguration of regulatory chromatin regions, and some of the chromatin conformation changes could be linked to progression associated expression changes at cytotoxic genes.
2022-03-09 | GSE185189 | GEO
Project description:T cells have been established as the key drivers of autoimmune diabetes. However, it is unknown whether all T cells that infiltrate the pancreas are equally pathogenic, and how the level of reactivity for self-antigen modulates differentiation and pathogenic potential of effector T cells. Moreover, the contribution of bystander, non-antigen reactive T cells in islet autoimmunity has not been resolved. Using multi-color flow cytometry in combination with Nur77-GFP reporter of TCR signaling we identified a “dormant” population of CD4+ T cells that infiltrate the islets of pre-diabetic NOD mice and constitute a significant proportion of all islet infiltrating T cells (~47%). We analyzed TCR repertoire, transcriptional profile, effector function, and autoimmune potential of this subpopulation. This T cell population, characterized by low level expression of CD5 and a unique TCR repertoire, exhibited central memory phenotype with reduced activation and effector function; however, induced rapid diabetes upon transfer. Overall, our study suggests that the strength of reactivity for tissue antigen dictates the level of T cell activation and differentiation; however, cells with low level of TCR signaling and reactivity for islet antigen infiltrating the pancreas of NOD mice are pathogenic and are capable of inducing beta cell destruction.
2019-05-17 | GSE131345 | GEO
Project description:Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an immune-mediated disease that leads to β cell dysfunction and death. However, the contribution of β cells in this process remains unclear. To understand how islet-derived pro-inflammatory signaling pathways contribute to diabetes pathogenesis, we generated inducible islet-specific Alox15 knockout mice on the NOD background. We report that islet-specific deletion of Alox15 induced a substantial increase of β-cell mass and decreased islet insulitis, and ultimately lead to a protection against spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Single cell RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that islet-specific knockout of Alox15 leads to an increase of β cells expressing Pd-l1 and promotes an anti-inflammatory phenotype in myeloid cells and T cells inside the islets. Furthermore, islet- specific Alox15 deletion enhances the expansion of M2-like macrophages and regulatory T cells in the pancreatic islets and pancreatic lymph nodes. Together, these results lead to the conclusion that proinflammatory signals produced by β cells allows these cells to express immunoregulators that protects these cells of immune cell attack and promote β cell survival.
2021-02-11 | GSE166572 | GEO